a2復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案：專題三_閱讀理解之科技類

1、專題三 閱讀理解之科技類（3）（新課標）三、科技類【典例探究】（2010山東卷D）Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems. While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful, problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves. University of Mis

2、souri(MU) researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient.“To provide enough power, we need certain methods with high energy density(密度)”，said Jae Kwon, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU. “The radioisotope(放射性同位素) battery

3、can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries.”Kwon and his research team have been working on building a small nuclear battery, presently the size and thickness of a penny, intended to power various micro/nanoelectromechanreal systems (M/NEMS). Although nuclear batteries can

4、 cause concerns, Kwon said they are safe.“People hear the word nuclear and think of something very dangerous,” he said, “However, nuclear power sources have already been safely powering a variety of devices, such as pace-makers, space satellites and underwater systems.”His new idea is not only in th

5、e batterys size, but also in its semiconductor(半導(dǎo)體). Kwons battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor.“The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy, part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure(晶體結(jié)構(gòu)) of the solid semicond

6、uctor,” Kwon said, “By using a liquid semiconductor, we believe we can minimize that problem.”Together with J. David Robertson, chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor, Kwon is working to build and test the battery. In the future, they hope to increase the batterys powe

7、r, shrink its size and try with various other materials. Kwon said that battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair.【文章大意】本篇為科普短文，介紹由美國密蘇里大學(xué)研究者所開發(fā)的核能電池的情況。71. Which of the following is true of Jae Kwon?A. He teaches chemistry at MU. B. He developed a chemical battery.C. He is working o

8、n a nuclear energy source. D. He made a breakthrough in computer engineering.72. Jae Kwon gave examples in Paragraph 4_.A. to show chemical batteries are widely applied. B. to introduce nuclear batteries can be safely used.C. to describe a nuclear-powered system. D. to introduce various energy sourc

9、es.73. Liquid semiconductor is used to _.A. get rid of the radioactive waste B. test the power of nuclear batteries.C. decrease the size of nuclear batteries D. reduce the damage to lattice structure.74. According to Jae Kwon, his nuclear battery _.A. uses a solid semiconductor B. will soon replace

10、the present ones.C. could be extremely thin D. has passed the final test.75. The text is most probably a _.A. science news report B. book review C. newspaper ad D. science fiction story【答案解析】71. 【解析】選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的University of Missouri(MU) researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is

11、smaller, lighter and more efficient及第三段的敘述可知，Kwon在研究一種核能電池，所以C項正確。72. 【解析】選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段可知Kwon舉例的目的是為了說明核能電池是安全性。73. 【解析】選D。 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure(晶體結(jié)構(gòu)) of the solid semiconductor,”及“By using a liquid semiconductor, we believe we can minimize that pr

12、oblem.”可知，通過使用液態(tài)半導(dǎo)體材料，可減少對晶體結(jié)構(gòu)的破壞。74. 【解析】選C。 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Kwon said that battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair可知C項正確。75. 【解析】選A。推理判斷題。本文講述了Kwon的原子能電池的有關(guān)情況，文章體裁應(yīng)屬于科普文章，所以A項正確?！靖櫻菥殹?、（2011安徽省巢湖市高三第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測）Scientists have found that human eyes are more likely to be damaged by UV rays

13、(紫外線) while skiing in the snow-covered areas than sitting on the beach, according to a report by the UK newspaper The Telegraph.The researchers at Kanazawa Medical University, Japan and American company JohnsonJohnson conducted the study together. They looked at the effects of light reflection on ne

14、wly fallen snow on a ski trail (a rough path) in Ishikawa District, northern Japan. They compared the results with the levels of UV rays on a sand beach in southern Japans Okinawa District.They found that on the beach, eyes are exposed to a daily 260 kilojoules (千焦耳) of UV a square meter compared to

15、 658 kilojoules in snow-covered areas.The findings are supported by the Japan Meteorological Agency. According to the agen- cy, the reflection rate of UV light on beaches is often between 10 and 25 percent, compared to 80 percent in the new snow areas. The amount of light increased 4 percent with a

16、300-meter rise in height.Most of us know that UV rays can harm the skin. Thats why we wear sunscreen on our skin before we get out in the sun. But many of us may not realize that UV rays are also harmful to the eyes.If your eyes are exposed to large amounts of UV radiation over a short period of tim

17、e, you may experience a kind of sunburn of the eye, which is harmful. Your eyes will become red and feel a strange feeling. They may be sensitive to light. Fortunately, this is usually temporary (暫時的) and seldom causes permanent damage to the eyes.Long-term exposure to UV radiation, however, can be

18、more serious. Scientific studies and researches have shown that exposure to small amounts of UV radiation over a period of many years increases the chance of eye damage, which could lead to total blindness.67. You would most likely find the article inA. a doctors diary B. a travel journalC. a medica

19、l magazine D. a physics textbook68. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Too much eye exposure to UV rays may cause total blindness.B. Short-time exposure of the eyes to UV rays doesnt harm them at all.C. Most people know that UV rays harm the eyes as well as the ski

20、n.D. The study was conducted by researchers from Japan, the USA and the UK.69. The underlined word sunscreen in Paragraph 5 most probably means _.A. sunglasses B. sunhat C. suncream D. sunburn70. What will the passage most probably talk about next?A. Never ski on newly fallen snow in Japan.B. Go to

21、hospital to have your eyes examined.C. Wearing a hat can provide protection while skiing in new snow areas.D. Take some measures to protect your eyes while skiing in new snow areas.2、 （2010河北省衡水中學(xué)三模A卷）As you dash outdoors in the middle of winter, you might make it halfway down the block before reali

22、zing that your ears are freezing because you forgot your hat.Now, scientists have shown that even though youve had an apparent memory lapse(喪失), your brain never forgot what you should have done. Memory works mainly by association. For example, as you try to remember where you left your keys, you mi

23、ght recall you last had them in the living room, which reminds you that there was an ad for soap on television, which reminds you that you need soap, and so on. And then, as youre heading out of the door to buy soap, you remember that your keys are on the kitchen counter. Your brain knew where the k

24、eys were all along. It just took a round-about way to get there.Now, scientists at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies are studying associative memory in monkeys to figure out just how this complicated process works.First, the researchers trained a group of monkeys to remember arbitrary(任意的) p

25、airs of symbols. The researchers showed the monkeys one symbol(cold weather) and then gave them the choice of two other symbols, one of which (a hat) would be associated with the first. A correct choice would earn them a sip of their favorite juice.Most of the monkeys performed the test perfectly, b

26、ut one kept making mistakes.“We wondered what happened in the brain when the monkey made the wrong choice, although it apparently learned the right pairing of symbols,” said study leader Thomas Albright.Albright and his team observed signals from the nerve cells in the monkeys inferior temporal cort

27、ex (ITC), an area of its brain used for visual pattern recognition and for storing this type of memory.As the monkey was deciding which symbol to choose, about a quarter of the activity in the ITC was due to the choice behavior.Meanwhile, more than half the activity was in a different group of nerve

28、 cells, which scientists believe represent the monkeys memory of the correct symbol pairing, and surprisingly, these cells continued to fire even when the monkey chose the wrong symbol.“In this sense, the cells knew more than the monkeys let on in their behavior,” Albright said. “Thus, behavior may

29、vary, but knowledge endures.”57The example of the keys and soap is given to explain the relationship between _.Amemory lapse and human brainBmemory and associationCmemory and television adsDmemory and our daily life58Which of the following best expresses the general idea of the text?AYour brain may

30、forget something, but not always.BActivity is a round-about way to memory.CYour brain remembers what you forget.DMonkeys have better memory than us.59The researchers believe the monkey that made the wrong choice _.Aalso knew the correct answerBhad the worst memoryCfailed to see the objects well Dhad

31、 some trouble with its nerve system60The underlined word “endures” may be best replaced by _.Adisappears Bincreases Cimproves Dremains3、（2010河北省正定中學(xué)三模）When important events are happening around the world, most people turn to traditional media sources, such as CNN and BBC for the newsHowever, during

32、the war in Iraq in 2003, many people followed the war from the point of view of an unknown Iraqi citizen who called himself “Salam Pax ” (Salam Pax means peace)Salam Pax wrote a diary about everyday life in Baghdad during the war, and posted it on his websitePaxs online diary was a kind of website k

33、nown as a “blog”Blogs are online diaries, usually kept by individuals, but sometimes by companies and other groups of peopleThey are the fastest growing types of website on the InternetA blog differs from a traditional website in several waysMost importantly, it is updated much more regularlyMany bl

34、ogs are updated every day, and some are updated several times a dayAlso, most blogs use special software or websites, which can help ordinary people easily set up and start writing their own blogsThere are many different kinds of blogsThe most popular type is an online diary of links where the blog

35、writer surfs the Internet and then posts links to sites or news articles that they find interesting , with a few comments about each one Other types are personal diaries, where the writer talks about their life and feelingsSometimes these blogs can be very personalThere is another kind of blogging,

36、called “moblogging ”, short for “ mobile blogging ”Mobloggers use mobile phones with cameras to take photos, which are posted instantly to the InternetThe use of mobile phones in this way made the headlines in Singapore when a high school student posted a movie he had taken of a teacher shouting at

37、another student on the InternetMany people were shocked by what the student did, and wanted phones with cameras to be banned from schoolsMany people think that as blogs become common, news reporting will rely less on big media companies, and more on ordinary people posting news to the InternetThey t

38、hink that then the news will be less like a lecture, and more like a conversation, where any one can join in49Which statement about Salam Pax was true? AHe worked for CNNBSalam Pax was not his real name CHe was famous as a host in BBC DHe used a mobile phone for his blog 50What is the biggest differ

39、ence between blogs and traditional websites?ABlogs are updated much more often BBlogs contain links to other websites CBlogs use special softwareDBlogs contain personal information 51According to the passage, which statement about the future is most likely ? In the future Aeveryone will have a blog

40、Blarge media companies will be unnecessary Cpeople will be able to learn the news from other points of view Dblogging technology will be banned 52What is the passage mainly about ? Athe history of the InternetBnew types of mediaCthe war in IraqDthe increase of using computers 4、（2010江蘇省南京市三模）We typi

41、cally associate the word “science” with a person in a white coat doing experiments in a laboratory. Ideally, experiments should play as big a role in the human sciences as they do in the natural sciences; but in practice this is not usually the case. The are at least three reasons for this.1Human sc

42、ientists are often trying to make sense of complex real world situations in which it is simply impossible to run controlled experiment.2The artificiality of some of the experiments that can be conducted may make the behavior of the participants abnormal.3There are moral reasons for not conducting ex

43、periments that have a negative effect on the people who participate in them.Faced with the above difficulties, what are human scientists to do? One solution is to wait for nature to provide the appropriate experimental conditions. We can, for example, learn something about how a normal brain functio

44、ns by looking at people who have suffered brain damage; and we can gain some understanding into the roles played by genes and the environment by studying twins, who have been separated at birth and brought up in different families. In the case of economics, economic history can provide us with a ban

45、k of-admittedly not very well-controlled-experimental data.However, human scientists do not just sit around waiting for natural experiments to arise. They also think of some experiments of their own. Suppose you want to know how a baby sees the world. We cannot, of course, ask the baby since it has

46、not yet learnt to speak. So it might seem that all we can do is guess. People usually wont change their mind until it was found out that babies tend to stare at surprising things longer than at unsurprising ones. This key understanding was like opening a window on to the developing mind. There was n

47、ow a way of testing babies expectations and getting some idea of how they are six months old, babies can already do the following things: figuring out that objects consist of parts that move together being aware of the difference between living and non-living things and even doing simple arithmetic

48、work.60What is true about the natural sciences and the human sciences according to this passage?ABoth human scientists and natural scientists can run controlled experiments.BExperiments done by human scientists and natural scientists are artificial.CBoth human and natural science experiments should

49、be of the same importance.D Its not moral to conduct human science experiments.61What do we know about human scientists from this passage?AThey are white coat scientists.BThey have more experimental sources than natural scientists.CThey conduct experiments passively. DThey face more difficulties in

50、carrying out their research.62Which of the following experiments belongs to human science experiment?A Vinegar Volcano Vinegar and baking soda make. for a fun and easy science experiment. Try creating a vinegar volcano.B Taste Without Smell Put your senses to the test with this simple experiment tha

51、t shows the importance of your sense of smell.C Lung Function Observe your breath and confirm your lung volume by completing this experiment.D Make a Rainbow Use sunlight and water to make your own rainbow with this cool experimentthat will teach kids how rainbows work while they enjoy a fun activit

52、y63What does the author tell us in this passage?AABCs about the science experiment.BSome knowledge of science.CSome differences between the human sciences and the natural sciences.DThe similarity of the natural sciences and the human sciences.5、（2010吉林省吉林一中沖刺）Forty years ago, Rachel Carson died and

53、the Pittsburgh area lost perhaps its most influential citizen. A native of a Pennsylvania College for Women graduate, Carson published “Silent Spring” in 1962, a work that launched the modern environmental movement and led to the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well as the p

54、assage of our major environmental laws.However, there has been a puzzling and troubling trend in recent years: an attack on her theory by conservatives and the agrochemical (農(nóng)用化學(xué)品) industry. For example, Rush Limbaugh gave the following quiz: “Who caused more deaths: Adolf Hitler or RachelCarson?” L

55、imbaughs answer was Carson, due to the approximately 100 million deaths from malaria (瘧疾) since 1972, the year in which the pesticide (殺蟲劑）DDT was banned for use in the United States in part as a result of “Silent Spring.”Therefore, on this 40th anniversary of Carsons death, we need to take a scient

56、ific look at the myths that remain about pesticides.Myth 1: Pesticide usage has declined since 1962. In fact, pesticide usage has more than doubled since 1962, and the global pesticide industry currently uses over 2.5 million tons of pesticides each year. Even DDT is still used abroad. Myth 2: Pesti

57、cides are safe. In fact, as Carson warned us, these poisonous chemicals are unsafe since they are designed to kill biological organisms, but are often not specific in their targets. Pesticide exposure can cause skin irritation, headache, cancer and even death. According to the WHO, over 25 million people a year in developing countries suffer severe acute pesticide poisonings with over 20,000 deaths. Of the 80,000 pesticides and other chemicals