2012年12月英語四級真題及答案解析完整版

1、2012年12月英語四級真題及答案解析完整版part i writing【標準版】nothing succeeds without a strong willnothing runs smoothly in our life. to achieve things successfully, a strong will is essential. life is like a marathon. many people cant get to the terminal. this is not because they are lack of vitality but because their

2、 will of success is not strong enough.to take quitting smoking as an example, some regard it as a piece of cake. they make up their minds to quit it in the morning, but in the evening they feel that the smell of cigarettes is tempting. their throats are sore, their mouths are thirsty, and their hand

3、s are shaking. after the painful mental struggle, they tell themselves that “one cigarette is enough. just take one, and the next day i will quit it.” by doing this, they surrender to their weak will. in the end, they have quitted smoking “a hundred times”, but in no time they succeed.just like quit

4、ting smoking, nothing succeeds without a strong will. to be successful in ones life, a strong will means that you know where you go and you will persist on the road you choose. undoubtedly success belongs to those who overcome their weak will and who hang in there until the last minute.【文章點評】本文屬于話題類

5、作文，只看題目“nothing succeeds without a strong will”考生會覺得比較抽象，難以下手。細看題目說明中給出了提示，要求考生結(jié)合戒煙屢次不成功的幽默引語對該話題進行分析闡述。總體來說，這是一篇“中等偏上”的考生作文。本文先點題指出“堅強意志”的重要性；第二段從反面舉例闡述具體描寫了意志不堅定者的心理活動，闡述為什么會戒煙失敗；最后從戒煙延伸到生活中的其他事情，并復(fù)述堅強意志的內(nèi)涵，點題收尾?？傮w上來看，文章思路清晰，采用了生動的比喻和形象的心理描寫，語言流暢，用語地道。但一些重復(fù)表達（如第二段和第三段中的weak will）顯得單調(diào)，可用shaky ones,

6、 weak-willed persons，the strong-willed等靈活表達。在備考中，多積累不同表達，相信會寫出更生動的文章。在論述上，敘述略顯羅嗦。第二段心理描寫過多，雖然流暢生動，但卻使這篇考場作文超過了規(guī)定字數(shù)，反而成為失分點，這一點要引以為戒?！靖叻职妗縩othing succeeds without a strong willas we have read from above, quitting-smoking seems easy, but in reality it is rarely achieved. there is something provoking a

7、nd interesting in this paradox, just because sword does not wear the stone as dripping water does.the ability to do something over and over again in a short time may imply its easiness, but in a long run, a lifetime maybe, things turn out to be quite the opposite. also, as is often the case, one may

8、 have obtained all the tools and opportunities to achieve something, but in the end they still fail due to the will shortage.so how could we avoid the dilemma? here is the prime condition of success: will and perseverance. concentrate you energy, thought and mind exclusively on the business in which

9、 you are engaged, hang on in there and be patient, for, as emerson put it, no one can cheat you out of your ultimate success but yourself.【文章點評】本次四級作文探討的話題是成功與毅力之間的關(guān)系，話題不算新，一般考生對此都比較熟悉，所以對考生來說難度不大。寫好這篇作文，需要抓住兩點，一是緊跟題目要求，即對上述幽默性的話語做出評論，二是在評論的基礎(chǔ)上要亮出自己的觀點。范文開頭第一句即一針見血地對上述幽默性話語做出總結(jié)性概括，即戒煙看似簡單實則很難，隨后指出該話

10、語本質(zhì)上是一個悖論，并且以一個“水滴石穿”的俗語來指出困難所在，這句也是本文的一個亮點，體現(xiàn)作者在西方俗語方面豐富的知識儲備。第二段作者則進一步深入分析該話語，指出做某事在短期看來很容易，長期來看，恰恰相反，人們做事的結(jié)果也因此總是失敗，原因則在最后一句點出：缺乏毅力。第三段作者進一步給出了自己的觀點，告訴大家如何避免陷入這種兩難境地：首要條件即需要堅強的意志和長期的堅持。最后再以艾默生的一句名言“沒人能夠騙你遠離你最終的成功，除非你自己承認失敗”來總結(jié)全文，切中主題，鏗鏘有力。part ii reading comprehension (skimming and scanning)1. a

11、person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _.a) sticks to them in their daily lifeb) makes them known to othersc) understands their true valuesd)sees that others also follow them【答案】a) sticks to them in their daily life【解析】第一題的答案就在全文第一句。關(guān)鍵詞是not only. but also. ，關(guān)鍵句是t

12、he key to integrity is consistency-not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each day. 這里的live up to 和選項里的stick to 屬于同義替換。2. what role does integrity play in personal and professional relationshi

13、ps?a) it helps to create team spiritb) it facilitates communicationc) it is the basis of mutual trustd) it inspires mutual respect【答案】c) it is the basis of mutual trust【解析】關(guān)鍵詞是personal and professional，關(guān)鍵句是trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. who can tr

14、ust someone who is dishonest or unfair? thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals.結(jié)合緊接著的問句，我們很容易鎖定trust這個選項。3. why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take？a. to ensure we make responsible choices.b. to avoid being overwhelmed by stress.c. so that we dont break any rule

15、s.d. so that we dont run into trouble.【答案】a. to ensure we make responsible choices.【解析】關(guān)鍵詞是identify the risks，關(guān)鍵句是making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. we must learn to recognize risks, because if we cant see the risks were taking, we cant make responsible choices.

16、 所以答案很明顯是a。4. violation of a rule is misconduct even if _?a. it has caused no harm.b. it is claimed to be unintentional.c. it has gone unnoticed.d. it is committed with good intentions.【答案】b. it is claimed to be unintentional.【解析】關(guān)鍵詞是misconduct，關(guān)鍵句是but the fact that such a violation is unintentional

17、 does not excuse the misconduct. 和原文意義高度一致的，就是這個unintentional。因此答案是：b. it is claimed to be unintentional.5. what should one do if he doesnt wish to fool himself?a. avoid making excuses.b. listen to other peoples advice.c. make his intensions public.d. have others watch over his shoulder.【答案】a. avoid

18、 making excuses.【解析】關(guān)鍵詞是fool oneself，關(guān)鍵句是to avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test這里的watch out for 和選項里的avoid屬于同義替換。所以答案是a。6. those who take risks they regret later on _.a. will often become more cautiousb. are usually very aggressivec. value immediate benefits most.d. may l

19、ose everything in the end【答案】c. value immediate benefits most.【解析】關(guān)鍵詞是regret later，關(guān)鍵句是those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits (whats in it for me)。很明顯，選項value immediate benefits most 是正確答案。這里的value 和focus on 屬于同義替換。7. according to the author, a cheater who doesnt

20、get caught right away will _.a) pay more dearlyb) become more confidentc) be widely admiredd) feel somewhat lucky【答案】a) pay more dearly【解析】關(guān)鍵詞是get caught，關(guān)鍵句是those who dont get caught pay an even higher price. 這里的higher price 和選項里的more dearly 屬于同義替換。所以答案是a。8. cheaters at exam dont care about their e

21、ducation, all they care about is how to steal a grade.【答案】steal a grade【解析】關(guān)鍵詞：care about關(guān)鍵句：im not interested in what youre trying to teach; all i care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others.9. integrity matters in that all social activities rely on peoples honesty and good f

22、aith.【答案】honesty and good faith【解析】關(guān)鍵詞是rely on，關(guān)鍵句是we must rely on the honesty and good faith of others every day.10. many americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of the watergate scandal.【答案】the watergate scandal【解析】關(guān)鍵詞是political and economic leaders，關(guān)鍵句是waterga

23、te, have undermined the faith of many americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole.part iii listening comprehensionsection a11.w: this crazy bus schedule has got me completely confused. i cant figure out when my bus to cleveland leaves?m: why dont you just go t

24、o the ticket window and ask?q: what does the man suggest the woman do?【答案】b) go and ask the staff.【解析】這是一道事實細節(jié)題。從對話中可知，女士搞不清楚列車時刻表，男士建議她去售票窗口咨詢。ticket window售票窗口。12.w: i really enjoyed the tv special about drafts last night. did you get home in time to see it?w: oh, yes, but i wish i could have stay

25、ed awake long enough to see the whole thing.q: what does the man mean?【答案】a) he fell asleep in the middle of the tv program.【解析】這是道推理判斷題，考查男士的言下之意以及虛擬語氣。could have done意為本可以做某事，但未做。從對話中可知，男士確實回家看了電視節(jié)目，但是他說道：i wish i could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing. 我真希望自己當時能再晚點睡著，這樣我就可以看完整

26、場節(jié)目了。說明他沒有看完整場節(jié)目就睡著了。13.w: airport, please. im running a little late. so just take the fastest way even if its not the most direct.m: sure, but there is a lot of traffic everywhere today because of the football game.q: what do we learn about the woman from the conversation?【答案】b) she is worried abou

27、t missing her flight.【解析】這是道場景題，略有難度。剛開始，我們還無法很快判斷出該對話發(fā)生的場景，很多同學(xué)一聽到airport可能會誤以為對話發(fā)生在機場，但如果我們繼續(xù)聽下去，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)，該對話應(yīng)該發(fā)生在出租車上，因為女士說了句“請選擇最快的路”，而男士說“因為有球賽，所以到處都交通擁堵”可以幫助我們再次確認對話發(fā)生的場景。選項a不對，原文是說要挑the fastest way哪怕不是the most direct way；選項c也不準確，才剛上車，并沒有擁堵，司機只是提前說明因為球賽會碰到擁堵；選項d錯誤，女士是為了趕去乘飛機的，而不是去看球賽。14.w: may i m

28、ake a recommendation, sir? our seafood with this special sauce is very good.m: thank you, but i dont eat shellfish. im allergic to it.q: where does this conversation most probably take place?【答案】a) at a restaurant【解析】這是道場景題，較為簡單。從對話中可知，女士希望向男士推薦一道菜，從首句中即可推斷出該對話最有可能發(fā)生在餐館中，男士說，他過敏，不吃貝殼類海鮮，可以幫助我們再次確認對話

29、發(fā)生的場景。15.w: now one more question if you dont mind, what position in the company appeals to you most?m: well, id like the position of sales manager if that position is still vacant.q: what do we learn about the man?【答案】a) he is being interviewed for a job.【解析】這是較為簡單的細節(jié)推理題。 從position, company這幾個關(guān)鍵詞中，

30、我們就可以快速判斷出此題的場景為面試，因此男士應(yīng)該正在接受一場面試。 c選項錯誤，他想要銷售經(jīng)理的職位，但并不表示他本身就是銷售經(jīng)理。16.m: i dont think i want to live in the dormitory next year. i need more privacy.w: i know what you mean. but check out the cost if renting an apartment first. i wont be surprised if you change your mind.q: what does the woman imply

31、?【答案】b) the man is unlikely to move out of the dormitory.【解析】這是推理判斷題，詢問女士的言下之意。最后一句，女士表示“你改變主意的話，我不會覺得奇怪”，可知，男士不太可能搬出宿舍。a選項是個干擾項，雖然該選項看上去意思和b選項差不多，但對話中并沒有提到男士想找一個更安靜的地方，他想搬離寢室，是為了更多的個人空間。17.m: youre on the right track. i just think you need to narrow the topic down.w: yeah, youre right. i always sta

32、rt by choosing two boarder topics when im doing a research paper.q: what do we learn from the conversation?【答案】d) the woman is going to make her topic more focused.【解析】這是推理判斷題。從對話中可知，男士希望女士縮小主題的范圍，女士回答“你是對的?！闭f明女士會采納男士的建議，縮小主題。18.w: this picnic should beat the last one we went to, doesnt it?m: oh, ye

33、ah, we had to spend the whole time inside. good thing, the weather was cooperative this time.q: what do we learn about the speakers from the conversation?【答案】b) they didnt quite enjoy their last picnic.【解析】這是推理判斷題。beat一詞是個難點，beat本意有“打敗”的意思，這次的野餐打敗了上次，即這次比上次好，下文中，男士說“上次我們不得不呆在室內(nèi)，但這次天氣不錯?！笨梢栽俅未_認他們不喜歡上

34、次的野餐，因此，正確答案為b。conversation one【聽力原文】m: when i say i live in sweden, people always want to know about the seasons.w: the seasons?m: yeah, you know how cold it is in winter? what is it like when the days are so short?w: so what is it like?m: well, it is cold, very cold in winter. sometimes it is cold

35、 as 26 degrees below centigrade. and of course when you go out, youll wrap up warm. but inside in the houses its always very warm, much warmer than at home. swedish people always complain that when they visit england, the houses are cold even in the good winter.w: and what about the darkness?m: well

36、, yeah, around christmas time theres only one hour of daylight, so you really looks forward to the spring. it is sometimes a bit depressing. but you see the summers are amazing, from may to july in the north of sweden the sun never sets. its still light in the midnight. you can walk in the mountains

37、 and read a newspaper.w: oh, yeah, the land of the midnight sun.m: yeah, thats right, but its wonderful. you want to stay up all night, and the swedens made most of it. often they started work earlier in summer and then leave at about 2 or 3 in the afternoon, so that they can really enjoy the long s

38、ummer evenings. theyd like to work hard, but play hard, too. i think londoners work longer hours, but im not sure this is a good thing.【聽力材料評析】這篇長對話是圍繞瑞典的天氣展開，主要談到瑞典冬天的極寒和夏天的極晝天氣。文章一開頭即說到人們喜歡詢問瑞典的季節(jié)情況。接下來對具體情況進行了描述，包括：極寒天氣下的氣溫、室外和室內(nèi)溫度狀況，另外，就瑞典室溫與英國室溫進行了對比，再次強調(diào)證明瑞典室溫很高；而極晝天氣則談的是瑞典人的工作時間和工作習(xí)慣，另外，就瑞典人工

39、作時認真忙、能玩時拼命玩的習(xí)慣和英國人工作勤奮、工作時間長進行了對比。這篇對話考查細節(jié)信息抓取能力。整體難度不大，并且以男士提供的信息為主。但許多考生可能因為對瑞典（sweden）和與瑞典相關(guān)的一系列名詞不熟悉而糾結(jié)，因此忽略了真正需要聽清的其實并不太難的關(guān)鍵信息。這就提醒大家在做題時，切勿因為個別詞語不熟悉，而慌張。19.a）he likes sweden better than england.b）he prefers hot weather to cold weather.c）he is an english living in sweden.d）he visits london nea

40、rly every winter.19. what do we learn about the man from the conversation?【答案】b）he prefers hot weather to cold weather.【解析】本題為推斷題。根據(jù)文章大意可推斷得出。整篇文章中，分別有兩處暗示信息，一處是男士說，“swedish people always complain that when they visit england, the houses are cold even in the good winter.”，瑞典人在冬天去拜訪英格蘭時，會抱怨英格蘭室溫太冷。另一

41、處是男士在談到冬天天氣時，說道：“it is sometimes a bit depressing.”長時間寒冷的天氣令人沮喪。因此可推斷得出，男士更喜歡hot weather，熱天氣。所以，答案為：he prefers hot weather to cold weather.20.a）the bad weatherb）the cold houses.c）the gloomy winter.d）the long night.20. what do swedish people complain about when they visit england in winter?【答案】b）the

42、cold houses.【解析】對話中，當男士介紹瑞典的極寒天氣時，談到只要穿暖，出門很暖，而室內(nèi)更暖和，為了強調(diào)這一觀點，男士繼續(xù)說道：“swedish people always complain that when they visit england, the houses are cold even in the good winter.”說是瑞典人在冬天去拜訪英格蘭時，會抱怨英格蘭室溫太冷。所以，答案為：the cold houses.21.a）delightful.b）painful.c）depressing.d）refreshing.21. how does the man d

43、escribe the short hour of daylight around christmas in sweden?【答案】c）depressing.【解析】女士問：“and what about the darkness?”男士答道：“around christmas time theres only one hour of daylight, so you really looks forward to the spring.”臨近圣誕節(jié)的時候，每天僅有一小時為白天，所以人們都非常向往春天，希望春天快點到來。然后，進一步強調(diào)性地評論道：“it is sometimes a bit

44、depressing.”有時候真有點令人沮喪。因此，本題答案為：depressing.22.a）they often stay up late reading.b)they work hard and play hard.c) they like to go camping in summer.d) they try to earn more and spend more.22. what does the man say about the swedish people?【答案】b）they work hard and play hard.【解析】男士在談到瑞典的極晝天氣時，著重談了瑞典人在

45、極晝天氣的工作情況，并進一步對瑞典人的工作習(xí)慣進行了評價。男士說道：“theyd like to work hard, but play hard, too.”瑞典人既能在工作時努力工作，又能在能玩時拼命玩。所以，本題答案為：they work hard and play hard.conversation two【聽力原文】questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.w: what kind of training does one need to go into this type of job?

46、m: thats a very good question. i dont think there is any, specifically.w: for example, in your case, what was your educational background?m: well, i did a degree in french at nottingham. after that, i did careers work in secondary schools like the careers guidance people here is in the university. t

47、hen i went into local government because i found i was more interested in the administrative side. then progressed on to universities. so there wasnt any plan and there was no specific training. there are plenty of training courses in management techniques and committee work which you can attend now

48、.w: but in the first place, you did a french degree.m: in my time, there wasnt a degree you could do for administration. i think most of the administrators ive come across have degrees and all sorts of things.w: well, i know in my case, i did an english literature degree and i didnt really expect to

49、 end up doing what i am doing now.m: quite.w: but you are local to nottingham, actually? is there any reason why you went to nottingham university?m: no, no, i come from the north of england, from west yorkshire. nottingham was one of the universities i put on my list. and i like the look of it. the

50、 campus is just beautiful.w: yes, indeed. lets see. were you from the industrial part of yorkshire?m: yes, from the woolen district.【聽力材料評析】這篇長對話圍繞男士的教育背景和職業(yè)發(fā)展展開。按順序分別談到男士從諾丁漢大學(xué)法語專業(yè)，畢業(yè)之后去了中學(xué)和政府工作，然后又進入了大學(xué)管理層。這期間，他并沒有刻意做過任何的職業(yè)發(fā)展計劃，也沒有接受過專門的相關(guān)職業(yè)培訓(xùn)，主要是因為在他的讀書時代，并沒有可攻讀的管理學(xué)學(xué)位。對話最后談到了男士去諾丁漢大學(xué)讀書的原因是被其校園的優(yōu)美

51、風景所吸引。這篇對話有一定難度。特別是關(guān)于男士職業(yè)的說法，考生未必熟悉。但考生不必緊張，因為主要的細節(jié)考查中，專業(yè)是法語、因為環(huán)境優(yōu)雅所以選擇諾丁漢大學(xué)這兩題都不難聽出。23. a）management.b）frenchc）english literatured）public administration23. what was the mans major at university?【答案】b）french.【解析】細節(jié)題。在第二輪對話中，女士問，“what was your educational background?”你是什么教育背景，男士回答說：“i did a degree in

52、 french at nottingham.” 我在諾丁漢大學(xué)攻讀了法語學(xué)位，所以男士的專業(yè)是french。24. a）english teaching.b）staff training.c）careers guidance.d）psychological counseling24. what was the mans job in secondary schools?【答案】c）careers guidance.【解析】細節(jié)題。在說完“i did a degree in french at nottingham.”之后，男士又接著說“after that, i did careers gui

53、dance in secondary schools.”因此，此題的答案應(yīng)為：careers guidance。25. a）its pleasant environment.b）its worldwide fame.c）its generous scholarship.d）its well-designed courses.25. what attracted the man to nottingham university?【答案】b）its pleasant environment.【解析】細節(jié)題。女士問：“is there any reason why you went to notti

54、ngham university?”你去諾丁漢大學(xué)是出于什么原因？男士在回答中說到，諾丁漢是我心中理想大學(xué)之一。緊接著他就說道：“and i like the look of it.”還進一步補充說明道：“ the campus is just beautiful. ”因此，男士是因被其優(yōu)雅環(huán)境所吸引而選擇去諾丁漢大學(xué)。所以，本題的答案為：its pleasant environment.section bpassage onewhile gail obcamp, an american artist was giving a speech on the art of japanese bru

55、sh painting to an audience that included visitors from japan, she was confused to see that many of her japanese listeners have their eyes closed. were they tuned off because an american had the nerve to instruct japanese in their own art form? were they deliberately tried to signal their rejection o

56、f her? obcamp later found out that her listeners were not being disrespectful. japanese listeners sometimes close their eyes to enhance concentration. her listeners were showing their respect for her by chewing on her words. some day you may be either a speaker or a listener in a situation involving

57、 people from other countries or members of a minority group in north america. learning how different cultures signal respect can help you avoid misunderstandings. here are some examples. in the deaf culture of north america, many listeners show applause not by clapping their hands but by waving them

58、 in the air. in some cultures, both overseas and in some minority groups in north america, listeners are considered disrespectful if they look directly at the speaker. respect is shown by looking in the general direction but avoiding direct eye contact. in some countries, whistling by listeners is a sign of approval while in other courtiers it is a form of insult.【聽力點睛】本文主要介紹不同文化中都是如何表示尊重的