simulink模塊的分類及用途解析

1、simulink模塊的分類及用途模塊名(Source library)用途Ban d_Limited White Noise把白噪聲加到連續(xù)系統(tǒng)中Chip Sig nal產(chǎn)生一個(gè)頻率不斷增大的正弦波Clock顯示和提供仿真時(shí)間Con sta nt產(chǎn)生一個(gè)常值Digital Clock在規(guī)定的采樣間隔產(chǎn)生仿真時(shí)間From File從文件讀取數(shù)據(jù)From Workspace從工作面上定義的矩陣中讀數(shù)據(jù)Pulse Gen erator在固定的時(shí)間間隔產(chǎn)生脈沖Ran dom Number產(chǎn)生正態(tài)分布的隨機(jī)數(shù)Repeat ing Seque nee產(chǎn)生規(guī)律重復(fù)的任意信號(hào)Sig nal Gen erato

2、r產(chǎn)生各種不同的波形Si ne Wave產(chǎn)生一個(gè)正弦波Step In put產(chǎn)生一個(gè)階躍函數(shù)模塊名(Sinks library)用途Auto_Scale Graph Scope在MATLAB自動(dòng)調(diào)整顯示比例的圖形窗口顯示信號(hào)Graph Scope在MATLAB 圖形窗口顯示信號(hào)Hit Cross ing在規(guī)定值附近增加仿真步數(shù)Scope在仿真過(guò)程中顯示信號(hào)Stop Simulatio n當(dāng)輸入不為零時(shí)停止仿真To File把數(shù)據(jù)輸出到文件中To Workspace把數(shù)據(jù)輸出到工作面上定義的一個(gè)矩陣中XY Graph Scope在MATLAB 圖形窗口中顯示信號(hào)的 X Y圖模塊名 (Discre

3、te library)用途Discrete-Time In tegrator對(duì)一個(gè)信號(hào)進(jìn)行離散積分Discrete-Time Limited In tegrator對(duì)一個(gè)信號(hào)進(jìn)行離散有限積分Discrete State-Space建立一個(gè)離散狀態(tài)空間模型Discrete Tran sfer Fen建立一個(gè)離散傳遞函數(shù)Discrete Zero-Pole以零極點(diǎn)形式建立一個(gè)離散傳遞函數(shù)Filter建立IIR和FIR濾波器First-Order Hold建立一階采樣保持器Unit Delay對(duì)一個(gè)信號(hào)延遲一個(gè)采樣周期Zero-Order Hold建立一個(gè)采樣周期的零階保持器1模塊名(Lin ear

4、 library)用途Derivative對(duì)輸入信號(hào)進(jìn)行微分Gain對(duì)輸入信號(hào)乘上一個(gè)常數(shù)增益inner Product對(duì)輸入信號(hào)進(jìn)行點(diǎn)積In tegrator對(duì)輸入信號(hào)進(jìn)行積分Matrix Gai n對(duì)輸入信號(hào)乘上一個(gè)矩陣增益Slider Gain以滑動(dòng)形式改變?cè)鲆鍿tate-Space建立一個(gè)線性狀態(tài)空間模型Sum對(duì)輸入信號(hào)進(jìn)行求和Tran sfer Fen建立一個(gè)線性傳遞函數(shù)Zero-Pole以零極點(diǎn)形式建立一個(gè)傳遞函數(shù)|模塊名(No nlin ear library)用途Abs輸出輸入信號(hào)的絕對(duì)值Backlash用放映的方式模仿一個(gè)系統(tǒng)的特性Comb in atorial建立一張真值表

5、Coulombic Fricti on在原點(diǎn)不連續(xù)而在原點(diǎn)以外具有線性增益Dead Zone提供一個(gè)死區(qū)Fen對(duì)輸入進(jìn)仃規(guī)疋的表示Limited in tegrator在規(guī)定的范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行積分Logical Operator對(duì)輸入進(jìn)行規(guī)定的邏輯運(yùn)算Look-up Table對(duì)輸入進(jìn)行分段的線性映射MATLAB Fen定義一個(gè)函數(shù)對(duì)輸入信號(hào)進(jìn)行處理Memory輸出本模塊上一步的輸入值product對(duì)輸入信號(hào)進(jìn)行乘積運(yùn)算Quan tizer對(duì)輸入信號(hào)進(jìn)行量化處理Rate Limiter限制信號(hào)的變化速率Relati onal Operator對(duì)輸入進(jìn)行一定的關(guān)系運(yùn)算Relay在兩個(gè)值中輪流輸出Res

6、et In tegrator在仿真中對(duì)積分器進(jìn)行重新初始化Saturati on對(duì)輸入信號(hào)進(jìn)行限幅Sign符號(hào)函數(shù)Swith在兩個(gè)輸入之間進(jìn)行開關(guān)Tran sport Delay對(duì)輸入信號(hào)進(jìn)行一定的延遲2-D Look-Up Table對(duì)兩個(gè)輸入信號(hào)進(jìn)行分段的線性映射Variable Tran sport Delay對(duì)輸入信號(hào)進(jìn)行不定量的延遲模塊名(Conn ecti ons library)用途Demux把向量信號(hào)分開輸出In port給系統(tǒng)提供一個(gè)外部輸出Mux把幾個(gè)信號(hào)合并成向量形式Outport給系統(tǒng)規(guī)定一個(gè)輸出Subsystem表示一個(gè)系統(tǒng)在另外一個(gè)系統(tǒng)中Commsim 2001 E

7、ducation模塊化通信仿真軟件產(chǎn)品編號(hào)：808-110(單),112 (10), 115 (25)Commsim 2001是一個(gè)理想的通信系統(tǒng)的教學(xué)軟件。它很適用于如信號(hào)與系統(tǒng)、通信、網(wǎng)絡(luò) 等課程，難度適合從一般介紹到高級(jí)。使學(xué)生學(xué)的更快并且掌握的更多。Commsim200含有200多個(gè)通用通信和數(shù)學(xué)模塊，包含工業(yè)中的大部分編碼器，調(diào)制器，濾波器，信號(hào)源,信道等，Commsin2001中的模塊和通常通信技術(shù)中的很一致，這可以確保你的學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)當(dāng)今所有最重要的通信 技術(shù)。要觀察仿真的結(jié)果，你可以有多種選擇：時(shí)域，頻域，XY圖，對(duì)數(shù)坐標(biāo)，比特誤碼率，眼圖和功率譜。Scalable Fun cti

8、 on alityLike all other Electronics Workbench products Commsim 2001 is available in three tiers for the education community:Single: For use by professors/teachers in the creation of lectures, lessons, assignments etcLab: For use by students in on-campus computer labsStudent：A special version for use

9、 by students on home PCs onlyHow Commsim is UsedCommsim 2001 is a powerful yet easy to use simulation tool that provides fast, accurate viewingof signals at any point in your system, via a natural sequence of steps. This power is presented tothe user through an intuitive GUI(graphical User Interface

10、) enabling drag and drop simplicity, just like all of the other products in the Electronics Workbench Family.Features at a Gian ce:Industrys Largest Library200+ Blocks* Communication & Math BlocksBuild your own Blocks/ModelsDrag and Drop Diagram Construction* Analog, Digital & Mixed SystemsAutomatic

11、 Wiring Analog and Digital Modulators/DemodulatorsWide variety of Encoders/DecodersAdaptive Equalizers* Vector and Matrix OperationsAll popular Channel Models Filter Design Wizard and Response ViewerPLLs* RF Elements and Accurate Distortion* Complex Math* Complex Envelope Representation* Continuous,

12、 Discrete and Hybrid Simulation* Autorestart and Single Step Algorithms* Euler, Trapezoidal and Runge Kutta Integration MethodsLook-up Table WizardSignal Probes* Large variety of Plot Options* Mathcad, Matlab OLE IntegrationPlac ing and Conn ect ing BlocksPlace desired blocks from the library by dra

13、gging and dropping(from either the menusor the toolbar) any of the over 200 functional blocks available. Once placed, connecting blocks is extremely straightforward-just click on one blocks output then on other blocks input and Commsim takes care of the rest. Its that simple!You can also make use of

14、 hierarchical blocks to break up more complex systems, each of whichcan be assigned its own symbol.Blocks LibrariesThe science of understanding and teaching communication systems lies in being aware of a widevariety of functional blocks of technology available to construct the optimal transmitter or

15、 receiver, given a particular type of signal and channel.Commsim 2001 helps you to ensure your students learn all of todays most important communication technologies by delivering blocks to match all of the commonly used techniques in communications.The commsimlibrary contains the industrys largest

16、selection of coders, modulators, filters, sources, channels etc. You can even create your own blocks using equations or lower level functional blocks.Library BlocksBecause the right library is so essential to a good communications simulator, we have explained each family of blocks in detail. Simply

17、click on the family to view more information.ChannelsEncoding/DecodingModulators/DemodulatorsOther Communication BlocksBasic BlocksChann elsModeling the medium through which a transmitted signal must pass is essential to accurately capture delay and distortion effects. Channels include copper wire,

18、fiber, free space, etc.Cha nnel Blocks Modeled in Commsim 2001* Add.White Gaussian Noise (Complex & Real)* Binary Symmetric Channel* Jakes Mobile* MultipathPropagation LossRice/Rayleigh Fading Rummler Multipath* TWTAEn cod in g/Decod ingSingle encoding is performed to increase the reliability of inf

19、ormation transfer and can include companding and quantization (analog signals) or forward error correction (using convolutional or trellis cooling on digital signals).Commsim 2001 in cludes the followi ng En coders/Decoders Block Interleaver Convolutional Encoder Convolutional Interleaver Gray Decod

20、erGray Encoder Trellis Decoder Viterbi Decoder (Hard & Soft)Modulators/DemodulatorsCommsim provides the following analog and digital modulators/demodulation blocks, a subset of which use coherent methods(require phase synchronization in demodulation):Commsim 2001 in cludes the followi ng Modulators/

21、Demodulators* AM* DQPSK* pi/4-DQPSK* FM* FSK* I/Q* MSK* PM* PAM (4,8)* PPM* PSK (2,4,8,16)* QAM (16,32,64,256)* SQPSK* DQPSK* pi/4-DQPSK Detector* FM Demodulator* PPM Demodulator PSK Detector (2,4,8,16)* PAM Detector (2,4,8,16)QAM Detector (16,32,64,256)Other BlocksCommsim 2001 also provides many ot

22、her communication blocks (filters, PLLs, digital etc.) andgeneral mathematical functions (complex math, estimatio, etc.)Communication & General Mathematical Blocks Modeled in Commsim 2001Complex MathFiltersDigital ElementsPhase-Locked Loops Addtion*Adaptive Binary Counter Charge PumpEqualizer Conjug

23、ate(Complex & Bits to Symbol PLL Loop Filters (2ndReal)&3rd Order)* Conversions* Divide by N(Complex&* File FIR Type 2 PhaseReal) D Flip FlopDetector* FIR Division JK Flip FlopType3* IIRPhase/Frequency Inverse* Mux/DemuxDetector* MagPhase* Multiplication*ParalelltoType4* Sampled FileSerialPhase/Freq

24、uency PowerFIRDetector* Queue* Square Root* Sampled FIR*SerialtoParalell* Symbol to BitsOperatorsRF Comp onentsEstimatorsSignal Sources A/D Converter Compander Complex Exponential Complex FFt IFFT Conversions Decimation Delay (Complex & Real) Gain (dB) Integrate &Dump(Complex & Real) I/Q Mapper Max

25、Index Modulo Phase Rotate Phase Unwrap Polynomial Spectrum Analyzer Amplifier Attenuator Coupler DoubleBalancedMixer Splitter/Combiner Switch Variable Attenuator Average Power(Complex & real) BERCurveControl Bit/Symbol Editor Correlation Delay Estimator Event Time mean Median Variance Weighted Mean

26、Complex Tone File data* Frequency Sweep Impulse* Impulse Train Noise PN Sequence Random Seed Random Symbol* Rectangular Pulses* Sinusoid* VCO (Complex &real)* Walsh Sequence* WalshSequenceGeneratorBasic BlocksCommsir2001 offers over 90 blocks for linear, non linear, continous, discrete-time, time va

27、rying, and hybrid system design.Basic Blocks Modeled in Commsim 2001* Animation* Annotation* ArithmeticBooleanDDEIntegrationLinear SystemsMatlab InterfaceMatrix OperationsNonlinearOptimizationRandom GeneratorSignal ConsumerSignal ProducerTime DelayTranscendentalCDM軀信系統(tǒng)的MATLA仿真張廣森，王虎（中國(guó)民航學(xué)院 通信工程系，天津

28、300300 ）摘 要：在簡(jiǎn)要介紹 MATLAB言的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)使用 MATLAB言仿真的CDMA 通信系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行描述。關(guān)鍵詞 ：仿真；碼分多址；擴(kuò)頻1 仿真語(yǔ)言矩陣實(shí)驗(yàn)室（ MATLAB:Matrix Laboratory ）是一種以矩陣運(yùn)算為基礎(chǔ)的交互式 的程序語(yǔ)言。與其它計(jì)算機(jī)語(yǔ)言相比，具有簡(jiǎn)潔和智能化程度高的特點(diǎn)，而且適應(yīng) 科技專業(yè)人員的思維方式和書寫習(xí)慣，因而用其編程和調(diào)試，可以大大提高工作的 效率。目前MATLA已經(jīng)成為國(guó)際上最流行的軟件之一，除了可提供傳統(tǒng)的交互式的編 程方法之外，還能提供豐富可靠的矩陣運(yùn)算、圖形繪制、數(shù)據(jù)處理、圖像處理和方 便的Windows編程工具等。因而出現(xiàn)了各

29、種以MATLAB基礎(chǔ)的工具箱，應(yīng)用于自動(dòng) 控制、圖像信號(hào)處理、生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程、語(yǔ)音處理、信號(hào)分析、時(shí)序分析與建模、優(yōu) 化設(shè)計(jì)等廣泛的領(lǐng)域，表現(xiàn)出了一般高級(jí)語(yǔ)言難以比擬的優(yōu)勢(shì)。較為常見(jiàn)的 MATLAB 工具箱有：控制系統(tǒng)工具箱、系統(tǒng)辯識(shí)工具箱、多變量頻率設(shè)計(jì)工具箱、分析與綜 合工具箱、神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)工具箱、最優(yōu)化工具箱、信號(hào)處理工具箱、模糊推理系統(tǒng)工具 箱，以及通信工具箱等。在MATLA通信工具箱中有SLMULIN仿真模塊和MATLAB!數(shù)，形成一個(gè)運(yùn)算函 數(shù)和仿真模塊的集合體，用來(lái)進(jìn)行通信領(lǐng)域的研究、開發(fā)、系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)和仿真。通信 工具箱中的模塊可供直接使用，并允許修改，使用起來(lái)十分方便，因而完全可以滿

30、足使用者設(shè)計(jì)和運(yùn)算的需要。MATLAB 通信工具箱中的系統(tǒng)仿真，分為用 SIMULINK 模塊框圖進(jìn)行仿真和用 MATLABg數(shù)進(jìn)行的仿真兩種。在用 SIMULINK模塊框圖的仿真中，每個(gè)模塊，在每 個(gè)時(shí)間步長(zhǎng)上執(zhí)行一次，就是說(shuō)，所有的模塊在每個(gè)時(shí)間步長(zhǎng)上同時(shí)執(zhí)行。這種仿 真被稱為時(shí)間流的仿真。而在用MATLA函數(shù)的仿真中，函數(shù)按照數(shù)據(jù)流的順序依次 執(zhí)行，意味著所處理的數(shù)據(jù)，首先要經(jīng)過(guò)一個(gè)運(yùn)算階段，然后再激活下一個(gè)階段， 這種仿真被稱為數(shù)據(jù)流仿真。某些特定的應(yīng)用會(huì)要求采用兩種仿真方式中的一種， 但無(wú)論是哪種，仿真的結(jié)果是相同的。下面即對(duì)使用M-ATLAB言仿真CDM通信系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行描述。2 仿真框

31、圖CDMA!指在各發(fā)送端使用不相同、相互（準(zhǔn)）正交的地址碼調(diào)制所傳送的信息， 而在接收端在利用碼型的（準(zhǔn)）正交性，通過(guò)相關(guān)檢測(cè)，從混合信號(hào)中選出相應(yīng)的 信號(hào)的一種技術(shù)。實(shí)現(xiàn)CDM的理論基礎(chǔ)是擴(kuò)頻通信，即在發(fā)送端將待發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù)用 偽隨機(jī)碼進(jìn)行調(diào)制，實(shí)現(xiàn)頻譜擴(kuò)展，然后進(jìn)行傳輸，而在接收端則采用同樣的編碼 進(jìn)行解擴(kuò)及相關(guān)處理，恢復(fù)原始的數(shù)據(jù)信息。擴(kuò)頻通信有直接序列（DS、跳頻（FH）、 線性調(diào)頻（chirp ）、跳時(shí)（TH等方式。采用擴(kuò)頻通信的優(yōu)點(diǎn)很多，如抗干擾、抗 噪聲、抗多徑衰落的能力強(qiáng)，能在低功率譜密度下工作，保密性好，可多址復(fù)用和任意選址及進(jìn)行高度測(cè)量等等。因此，擴(kuò)頻通信作為新型的通信技術(shù)，

32、已引起人們的特別關(guān)注，得到了迅速的 發(fā)展和廣泛的應(yīng)用。以美國(guó) Quacomr公司為首推出的IS-95CDMA移動(dòng)通信系統(tǒng)，以 W-CDMACDMA2O0O TD-SCD-MA為主流的第三代移動(dòng)通信系統(tǒng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化建設(shè)等，不 僅確立了 CDMA系統(tǒng)在移動(dòng)通信中的穩(wěn)固地位，也把擴(kuò)頻 CDMA系統(tǒng)的研究、應(yīng)用和 發(fā)展推向了新的階段。本文討論的CDMA!信系統(tǒng)的仿真，采用的是直擴(kuò)方式，信息調(diào)制采用的是DPSK調(diào)制方式，偽隨機(jī)碼采用的是 31位GOLD序列，仿真框圖如圖1所示。18-10-43仿真編程本文討論的CDMAS信系統(tǒng)的仿真是用MATLAB6模擬實(shí)現(xiàn)的，即數(shù)據(jù)流仿真模 式，用MATLA編程來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)C

33、DMA!統(tǒng)的模擬。過(guò)程是：(1) 打開MATLAB!行環(huán)境，將CDMAS程序調(diào)入MATLA根目錄下的 W0R文件 夾中，或在FILE選項(xiàng)中選擇SET PATH并添加CDMA程序所在文件夾。(2) 在MATLA的 COMMAWDNDOWS 口中鍵入“ CDM”，開始運(yùn)行仿真程序。(3) 鍵入CDMA!，運(yùn)行提示：“請(qǐng)輸入信號(hào)源，信號(hào)源為 0, 1序列”，此時(shí)隨機(jī)鍵入0, 1序列作為信號(hào)源，位數(shù)不限。例如鍵入：一1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0這后程序開始運(yùn)行。(4) 在此系統(tǒng)的仿真中，為了更好地觀察系統(tǒng)各點(diǎn)的波形情況，用MATLA語(yǔ) 言共編寫了

34、13個(gè)示波程序，所示的波形如圖2圖11所示。人的他息贏刊機(jī)嚴(yán)住的3! ( ： PN廳削1 COU)學(xué)：1I1H：精人的情息蘇列觀轉(zhuǎn)播削產(chǎn)生的田&啊_ .0510序脅人的仇龍帝擁弭換為煉此fl劇im 3的竝瑪序列（儀機(jī)件）ffl4擴(kuò)拆的樓件編叭序列所對(duì)*的o洋X010203040 SO 60/ic ft 0 ;7IU6礦竝叭疔列山堆G糾住UIW斜孵込皿譏JMA叨加對(duì) 竝曲E WWW血 甩沁曲嘰曲WSWMM0510152025水披粉830WWiAAiAi八一 R丁 - C 一 * 斗 ；.TI 忡I, 八陽(yáng)7礦頓洋號(hào)經(jīng)DPSX 口；Mh：的波彫2351 1 * b 4.rTTi f J Xf -

35、F P W-* 1I J I t *1* * J!Ma TA/WW 譏唧 J7W7WW3 b Jl 上L. 4，厶 . 山丄,叢立“ 5!015202$30示曲21 9W常養(yǎng)庫(kù)XHDPSKiMMli；的激盼01020304050示堆ZD 1丨IM的的叫睜刊20爭(zhēng)M3H可見(jiàn)，接收端所恢復(fù)出的信息序列與發(fā)送端所發(fā)送的信息序列完全一致，完成 了系統(tǒng)的仿真。參考文獻(xiàn)1朱近康.CDMAffl信技術(shù).北京：北京郵電出版社，2001.2 李建新,等.現(xiàn)代通信系統(tǒng)分析與仿真一一 MATLAB!信工具箱.西安：西安電子 科技大學(xué)出版社 ,2000.3 王樂(lè)寧,等.MATLAB與通信系統(tǒng)仿真.北京：人民郵電出版社，2001.天津通信技術(shù)SimulationOnce your system diagram is built, you can view signals at any poin