新視野大學(xué)英語讀寫教程 單元

1、Spring festival Spring Festival is the Chinese New Year, which falls on a different date each year. Although Spring Festival has changed much in recent years, there are still some traditional ways of observing(慶祝) it. Sweeping(掃塵) Days before the New Year, every family is busy giving its house a tho

2、rough cleaning. People also give their doors and window- panes a new paint, usually in red color. Paper-cuts and couplets They decorate the doors and windows with paper-cuts and couplets with the very popular theme of happiness, wealth, longevity and satisfactory marriage with more children. New Yea

3、rs Eve On New Years Eve, supper is a feast, with all members coming together. One of the most popular course is jiaozi, dumplings boiled in water. After dinner, it is time for the whole family to sit up for the night while watching TV programs dedicated to the occasion. At midnight, the whole sky wi

4、ll be lit up by fireworks and firecrackers Very early the next morning, the family start out to say greetings from door to door, first their relatives and then their neighbors. children receive their presents in terms of cash wrapped up in red paper packages. （壓歲錢） The Lantern Festival The 15th day

5、of the new year is called the Lantern Festival, which is celebrated at night with lantern displays and folk dances . The Lantern Festival marks the end of the New Year season and afterwards life becomes daily routines once again. Time flies. The Spring Festival passed and we begin a new term now. Cu

6、lture Shock Objectives 1. Talk about time consciousness of Americans. 2. Learn about cultural differences. 3. Enlarge vocabulary. 4. Learn to read for main ideas. 1 1 Lets talk aboutLets talk about Cultural DifferencesCultural Differences vTalk aTalk about stressbout stress 1. greetings 2. thinking

7、3. expressing ideas 4. educating 5. parenting 6. responding to compliments in the second, the main point is illustrated from several aspects; and in the third, restatement and emphasis of the main point is given. For details II. Text Analysis - Structure Back II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Structu

8、re Back The author comes straight to the point: Americans attitudes towards time: Americans value time a n d s a v e t i m e carefully. Time is regarded as precious resources. Americans work hard at the task of saving time. They save time not only in their daily life, business but also in their work

9、. This is illustrated by the foreigners first impression of the U . S . . B e s i d e s , Americans create a series of devices to save time. By making contrast between Americans viewpoint on time and that of those from other cultures, the author emphasizes the main idea : In American culture, it is

10、taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve a problem or fulfill a job with speed. Americans believe no one stands still. If you are not moving ahead, you are falling behind. (L1) become bit by bit further behind (with) fail to produce sth. at the proper time Americans think no one k

11、eeps motionless, everyone moves and advances. If you are not moving ahead, you will become further behind. fall behind sb./sth. become bit by bit further behind Hes been falling behind his group members in English. 他在英語方面一直落后于同組同學(xué)。 fall behind with sth. fail to produce sth. at the proper time 我工作拖下來

12、了，我得想辦法趕上。 This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching, experimenting and exploring. (L2) 后置后置 定語定語 As a result of this attitude, Americans tend to devote their time and energy to researching, experimenting and exploring. commit sb./sth. to (doing) sth. commit oneself to sth

13、. devote to (doing) sth. Decide your choice and tell why: 1. Everybody _ on earth is pulled downwards by the earth. A. located B. locating 2. The gardens _ with beautiful flowers sparkled in the heavy dew. A. crowding B. crowded 3. He didnt wish it _ . A. mentioned B. mentioning B B A Time is one of

14、 the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor.(L3) 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu) The structure is: subject + v-ing / v-ed or: with+subject+v-ing/v-ed 本句可改為：本句可改為： Time is one of the two elements that American save carefully, with the other being labor. 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點： 1）獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同， 它獨立存在

15、。 2）名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不 定 式，介詞等是主謂關(guān)系。 3）獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號與主句分開。 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成： 名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞； 名詞(代詞)+形容詞； 名詞(代詞) +介詞短語； 名詞(代詞)+不定式； 名詞(代詞)+副詞構(gòu)成 1)The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.考試 結(jié)束了，我們開始放假。 2)This done, we went home.工作完成后，我們才回家。 3)Weather perm

16、itting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 如果天氣允許，我們明天去看你。 4)He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到 了房子里，耳朵凍壞了。 5)He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 他夾著本厚書，走出了圖書館。 With的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作獨立主格:with +名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞/ 過去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語 He stood there, his hand raised.= He stood ther

17、e, with his hand raise. No further discussions arising, the meeting was brought to an end. 沒有做進(jìn)一步的討論沒有做進(jìn)一步的討論, 會議就告結(jié)束了。會議就告結(jié)束了。 Time is one of the two elements that American save carefully, with the other being labor. The structure is: subject + v-ing / v-ed or: with+subject+v-ing/v-ed 吃完午飯吃完午飯, 所有客

18、人都回到了起居室。所有客人都回到了起居室。 Lunch finished, all the guests returned to the sitting-room. With lunch finished, all the guests returned to the sitting- room. FOR EXAMPLE: Now you try: 1. We are slaves to nothing but the clock. (L5) only slave to drink; slave to money We are slaves to nothing but the clock.

19、(L5) nothing but 僅僅，只是 他過去只喝咖啡。 He used to drink nothing but coffee. 我們什么都不能做只有等待。 We can do nothing but wait. *anything but 絕不 我決不到那里去。 I will do anything but go there. * none but 僅僅，只有（指人） budget vt.（L6） 學(xué)校編列了一百萬美元建新圖書館的預(yù)算。 She is extremely busy, so she has to budget her time carefully. The school

20、 budgeted one million dollars for a new library. 她忙極了,所以必須好好安排時間。 Words and ExpressionsWord Using plan the spending of budget for vi. 小兩口為下一年定預(yù)算。 The young couple budgeted for the coming year. Words and ExpressionsWord Using save or spend money for budget n. 量入為出是很重要的。 It is essential to balance one

21、s budget. Words and ExpressionsWord Using a plan to show how much a person will be able to spend budget adj. 他以低廉的價錢買下這所房子。 He bought the house at a budget price. Words and ExpressionsWord Using inexpensive, cheap account for give a satisfactory explanation for 珍妮不得不向父親說明每一個便士是怎 么花的。 account for be

22、a proportion of sth. 女生占我們班一半人數(shù)。 * Take into account 考慮到，把考 慮在內(nèi) 當(dāng)你做重要決定時，你應(yīng)該把所有因素考 慮在內(nèi)。 When you are making an important decision, you should take all the factors into account. count vi. If sth. counts, its important or valuable; vt. calculate 考試前，每一秒鐘都很重要。 The government raced the new law through a

23、ll its stages so as to complete it before the election. do sth. in a hurry The child raced through his homework in order to watch the football match on TV. 那孩子為看電視轉(zhuǎn)播的足球賽而匆匆做完作業(yè)。那孩子為看電視轉(zhuǎn)播的足球賽而匆匆做完作業(yè)。 政府在制定這項新法律的各階段都是匆匆完成，以便在大政府在制定這項新法律的各階段都是匆匆完成，以便在大 選前完成立法。選前完成立法。 FOR EXAMPLE: Now you try: race thro

24、ugh Racial discrimination an abrupt attitude 無禮的態(tài)度無禮的態(tài)度 an abrupt change of policy 突然改變政策突然改變政策 an abrupt drop in oil prices 油價突降油價突降 abrupt adj. 1) (of behavior) rough 2) sudden and unexpected 當(dāng)我詢問她的新工作時當(dāng)我詢問她的新工作時, 她對我態(tài)度非常粗魯。她對我態(tài)度非常粗魯。 會談突然結(jié)束。會談突然結(jié)束。 When I asked her about her new job, she was quit

25、e abrupt with me. The meeting came to an abrupt end. FOR EXAMPLE: Now you try: 12. 認(rèn)為某事是針對某人的認(rèn)為某事是針對某人的 to take sth. personally (L19)(L. 18) 當(dāng)老板進(jìn)行泛泛的批評時，不要對號入座。當(dāng)老板進(jìn)行泛泛的批評時，不要對號入座。 活學(xué)活用活學(xué)活用 When the boss makes general and negative comments, dont take it personally. 上一頁上一頁 不得當(dāng)?shù)?，不得體地不得當(dāng)?shù)?，不得體地 beyond a

26、certain appropriate point (L. 21) 愛有助于孩子健康成長，但溺愛會寵壞愛有助于孩子健康成長，但溺愛會寵壞, ,甚甚 至毀了孩子。至毀了孩子。 Love adds health to the growth of children, but the love beyond a certain appropriate point will make them spoiled or even ruined. 上一頁上一頁 Theyll miss the ritual interaction that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or

27、 coffee that may be a convention in their own country. (L23) Theyll be sad because theyll not have the usual exchanges that go with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee. These exchanges may be a common and regular practice on similar occasions in their own country. Interaction C, U communication; workin

28、g together交流；相互 作用，相互影響，合作 Increased interaction between different police forces would improve the rate of solving crimes. 警方間加強(qiáng)合作可以提高破案率。 convention n. customary practice 習(xí)俗，慣例 男子在正式場合穿西裝是一種慣例。 Happiness does not go as an automatic result with money. 有錢不一定就幸福。有錢不一定就幸福。 exist or take place at the sa

29、me time, be found together 當(dāng)了父親責(zé)任就隨之而來。當(dāng)了父親責(zé)任就隨之而來。 Responsibility goes with becoming a father. FOR EXAMPLE: Now you try: go with probe 1). examine (sth.) closely刺探，查究，探究，徹底 調(diào)查 She tried to probe his mind to find out what he was thinking. 探究他的心思 2). explore or examine (sth.) with or as if with a pro

30、be（用 探針或探測器）檢查，探查 The surgeon probed for the bullet in the mans back.試圖 探查出那個男子背部的子彈。 Searchlights probed the night sky.探照燈探索夜空。 We must not think of this writer as a radical socialist politician, much less a leader of a revolution. 我們不應(yīng)該把這位作家看作是激進(jìn)的社會政治家，更別說是革我們不應(yīng)該把這位作家看作是激進(jìn)的社會政治家，更別說是革 命的領(lǐng)袖了。命的領(lǐng)袖了。

31、 and even less likely 她連水也不肯喝一口她連水也不肯喝一口, 更別說留下吃飯了。更別說留下吃飯了。 She wouldnt take a drink, still/much less would she stay for dinner. FOR EXAMPLE: Now you try: much less (also still less) Much less to read a lot outside of it taking into account Given their inexperience, theyve done a good job. Given th

32、at they are inexperienced, theyve done a good job. 考慮到他們?nèi)狈?jīng)驗，他們算做得不錯了?？紤]到他們?nèi)狈?jīng)驗，他們算做得不錯了。 Notice that “given” is followed by a noun phrase, while “given that” is followed by a finite clause. 看她對孩子們的興趣，教書應(yīng)是適合她的職業(yè)?？此龑⒆觽兊呐d趣，教書應(yīng)是適合她的職業(yè)。 FOR EXAMPLE: Now you try: given (that) prep. Given her interest in

33、 children, teaching should be the right career for her. keep sth. for future use, not use up sth. Save your strength for hard work youll have to do later. 養(yǎng)精蓄銳以應(yīng)付今后你得去做的繁重工作。養(yǎng)精蓄銳以應(yīng)付今后你得去做的繁重工作。 你能不能把你的故事留在以后告訴我你能不能把你的故事留在以后告訴我? FOR EXAMPLE: Now you try: save . for Can you save your story for later?

34、Her question was not related to the matter at hand. 她提的問題跟正在考慮的事情無關(guān)。她提的問題跟正在考慮的事情無關(guān)。 Realizing that the end of his career is near at hand, he looked for some additional income. 意識到退休在即意識到退休在即, 他尋找額外的收入。他尋找額外的收入。 2) near in time or place 1) under discussion or being considered 手邊有合適的設(shè)備可用將非常有幫助。手邊有合適的

35、設(shè)備可用將非常有幫助。 Having the right equipment at hand will be very helpful. FOR EXAMPLE: Now you try: at hand We thought she did not like us, whereas in fact she was very shy. 我們以為她不喜歡我們，然而事實是因為她很害羞。我們以為她不喜歡我們，然而事實是因為她很害羞。 They want a house, whereas/while we would rather live in a flat. 他們想住一所房子他們想住一所房子, 可

36、我們寧愿住在一套公寓房里。可我們寧愿住在一套公寓房里。 but, in contrast: while 他們國家石油豐富他們國家石油豐富, 而我們國家則一點也沒有。而我們國家則一點也沒有。 Their country has plenty of oil, whereas/ while ours has none. FOR EXAMPLE: Now you try: whereas conj. In the eyes of the critical professionals, he can do no wrong. 在評論家看來，他是不會錯的。在評論家看來，他是不會錯的。 in the opi

37、nion or judgment of someone 在大家的心目中，專家總是對的。在大家的心目中，專家總是對的。 FOR EXAMPLE: Now you try: in ones eyes The expert is always right in the eyes of everybody. He is worthy of our praise/help. 他值得我們表揚他值得我們表揚/ / 幫助。幫助。 acts worthy of punishment 應(yīng)該受到懲罰的行為應(yīng)該受到懲罰的行為 merit, deserve worth, worthy, worthwhile FOR E

38、XAMPLE: be worthy of worth It is worth (doing) sth. worthy Sth. is worthy of + n. /being done /to be done worthwhile It is worthwhile doing/to do sth. 這件事值得考慮。這件事值得考慮。 The matter is worth consideration/considering. The matter is worthy of consideration/being/to be considered. It is worthwhile consid

39、ering/to consider the matter. Now you try: merit, deservebe worthy of Its not hard to get the boy talking; the problem is stopping him. 讓這個孩子說話并不難；難的是讓他閉上嘴。讓這個孩子說話并不難；難的是讓他閉上嘴。 make sth. /sb. do sth. 你能讓這輛舊車重新跑起來嗎？你能讓這輛舊車重新跑起來嗎？ Can you get the old car going again? FOR EXAMPLE: Now you try: get sth.

40、 /sb. doing (sth.) acute run out of replace in a rush restlessly race through interaction nothing but leisurely impatiently communication fine/sharp; severe/great only without hurry take the place of use up/flow out of do sth. in a hurry in a hurry I. Matching Game excellent physically present, by o

41、neself in contrast, while exist at the same time carry out be able to do sth. bring sth. to a completion， satisfy near in time/place meaning, importance go with significance conduct be at hand in person superb whereas be competent to do fulfill 停滯不前 消磨時間 要價 承受壓力 生活節(jié)奏 開場白/寒暄 禮節(jié)性交往 而不是 金錢的奴隸 pace of l

42、ife ritual interaction stand still opening exchanges rather than slave to money kill time be under pressure charge (money) for sth. II. Chinese to English 1. We are slaves to nothing but the clock. (L5) 2. They will miss the ritual interaction that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee (L23) 3.

43、 To us has little or no relation to the significance of the matter at hand.(L38) 4. In America, too, a final agreement will normally be signed in person. (L39) Find out the active expressions:Find out the active expressions: Notes to the TextActive Expressions 1. nothing but + n. / pron. / to do 只 2

44、. go with sth. 伴隨 3. at hand 在附近 臨近的 4. in person 親自，親身 Active ExpressionsActive Expressions Notes to the TextActive Expressions 1. 他成天什么也不干，只知道睡覺。 2. 幸福未必伴隨金錢而來。 3. 他寫東西時，手邊總放著一本字典。 4. 在中國，要開銀行賬戶，需本人親自去 銀行辦理。 Notes to the TextActive Expressions Tips 1. There he did nothing but sleep all day long. 2

45、. Happiness doesnt necessarily go with money. 3. When he writes, he always keep a dictionary at hand . 4. If one wants to open a bank account in China, he must go to the bank in person. Notes to the TextActive Expressions More Practice 1. 她瘦得只剩下皮包骨了。 2. 健康欠佳與貧窮常常如影相隨。 3. 圣誕節(jié)就要到了，你有什么節(jié)目嗎？ 4. 合同必須親自去那

46、簽，不能郵寄的。 Notes to the TextActive Expressions 1.Shes nothing but skin and bones! 2.Ill health often goes with poverty. 3.The Christmas Day is almost at hand, have you got any idea for it? 4.Youve to go sign for a contract in person, they cant just mail it. Notes to the TextActive Expressions 她一到我們就開始

47、。 一旦染上壞習(xí)慣,想改掉就難了。 Once she arrives, we can start. Once you get into a bad habit, youll find it hard to get out of it. Notes to the TextFocus Study 2. which though pleasant, take longer especially given our traffic-filled streets. given + n./ that clause , 如果有, 假如；考慮到 Practice Notes to the TextFocus

48、Study 考慮到他們?nèi)狈?jīng)驗,他們算做得很出色了。 如果照樣再給他治療一次，他肯定會痊愈。 Given their inexperience, theyve done a good job. Given the same treatment again, he is sure to get well. Notes to the TextFocus Study A After-reading fter-reading A Activitiesctivities In America, theres another saying about time: “We are slaves to nothing but the clock.” How do you understand this saying? American culture is a time-conscious culture and people value time highly. Time is treated as if it were something almost real. Many people have a rather acute(敏感的敏感的) sense of the shortness o