2019-2020學(xué)年高中英語Unit4LearningefficientlySectionⅢLearningaboutLanguage講義0

1、學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精section learning about language bent adj. 彎曲的（教材p35)my glasses are bent because i left them on my bed and then sat on them。我的眼鏡彎了,因為我把它放在床上，坐在上面了。just as the twig is bent， the tree is inclined。彎曲的樹苗長成彎曲的樹。bend v彎曲；使彎曲;屈服；屈從；集中于n.彎曲；彎道bend over 彎腰；俯身bend to.。向屈服bend ones mind to。把心思集中到上b

2、e bent on/upon 一心想;熱衷于he bent the wire into the shape of a square。他把鐵絲折成正方形.the branch bent but didnt break when the boy climbed along it.那男孩爬上樹枝時，樹枝彎曲了，但是沒有折斷。joyce is bent on buying a new house.喬伊斯一心想買一套新住房.完成句子母親不得不俯身抱起小孩。mother had to _ to pick up the child。他們拒絕屈從于劫機者的要求.they refused to _ the hi

3、jackers demands。我一心一意想遨游世界。my thoughts were _ seeing the world。他全力以赴地做這個研究課題。he _ the research project.【答案】bend overbend tobent on bent his mind to acquisition n。 獲得；習(xí)得(教材p35）some three hundred educators attended a seminar on second language acquisition。大約300名教育者參加了一個關(guān)于第二語言學(xué)習(xí)的研討會.life is a process a

4、bout the acquisition of knowledge, wealth and happiness。生命就是一個獲得知識、財富和幸福的過程。acquire vt。 獲得；取得acquired adj。 已獲得的；已取得的he will acquire the right to permanent residency here。他將獲得這里的永久居住權(quán)。smoking and alcoholic drinks are an acquired taste and are not in born.抽煙喝酒的嗜好并不與生俱來，而是后天養(yǎng)成的。完成句子他懂一些幼兒語言習(xí)得的理論。he kno

5、ws some theories of child language_。我們應(yīng)當(dāng)取得更多的第一手資料.we should _ more firsthand information.【答案】acquisitionacquire虛擬語氣一、 條件句中的虛擬語氣1條件句中虛擬語氣的形式從句中提出一種與客觀現(xiàn)實不相符或根本不可能存在的條件,主句會產(chǎn)生的一種不可能獲得的結(jié)果。條件句中的虛擬語氣根據(jù)不同的時間有三種不同的形式。時間if從句謂語形式 主句謂語形式 將來動詞過去式(be用were)should 動詞原形were to 動詞原形 would/should/might/could 動詞原形現(xiàn)在動詞

6、過去式(be通常用 were）would/should/might/could 動詞原形過去had 動詞過去分詞would/should/might/could have 動詞過去分詞if he should go to tsinghua university, he would make full use of his time。如果他要上清華大學(xué)的話，他就會充分利用他的時間了。if he studied at this school， he would know you well。如果他在這所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)的話,他會對你很熟悉。if i had got there earlier， i woul

7、d have met mr。li。如果我早點到那兒，我就會見到李先生了.2運用條件句中的虛擬語氣時,須注意的幾個問題（1) 當(dāng)從句的主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時，謂語動詞若是系動詞be時，可用was代替were。但在倒裝虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)及if i were you， as it were中，只能用were。were i ten years younger， i would study abroad.要是我還年輕十歲的話,我會去國外學(xué)習(xí).(2） 有時，虛擬條件句中，從句的動作與過去事實相反，而主句的動作與現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事實不符.如：if i had worked hard at school， i wou

8、ld be an engineer， too.如果我在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的話，我現(xiàn)在也會是一名工程師了。if it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better。如果不是天下太多的雨的話，莊稼會長得更好。（3） 當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were， should, had時,if可省略,而將were， should， had等詞置于句首.如：should he agree to go there, we would send him there。要是他答應(yīng)去的話，我們就派他去。（4） 有時，句子沒有直接給出

9、假設(shè)情況的條件，而須通過上下文或其他方式來判斷。如：i would have come to see you, but i was too busy.我本該來看你的，然而我太忙了。二、其他狀語從句的虛擬語氣1目的狀語從句中的虛擬語氣（1) 在for fear that， in case， lest引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，若用虛擬語氣，從句謂語為： should 動詞原形。并且 should不能省略。如：she examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in。她又把門檢查了一遍，以防盜賊的進入。（2) 在so that， i

10、n order that所引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，從句中的謂語為：can/may/could/might/will/would/should動詞原形。he goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer.他走近說話的人以便能聽得更清楚。2讓步狀語從句中的虛擬語氣（1) 在even if, even though 所引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，可用虛擬語氣，主句、從句的結(jié)構(gòu)與if所引導(dǎo)的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)相同.nobody could save him even though hua tuo should come here。即使華佗再世也

11、救不了他。（2）在whatever, whichever，whenever，whoever, wherever,however， no matter wh。 等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,從句虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為：may動詞原形(指現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚?we will finish it on time no matter what/whatever may happen。不管發(fā)生什么事，我們都要按時完成。may完成式(指過去)，主句結(jié)構(gòu)不限。you mustnt be proud whatever/no matter what great progress you may have made.不管你取得了多么大

12、的進步，你也不能驕傲。（3)在though, although等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，從句虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為 should動詞原形，主句結(jié)構(gòu)不限。如:although/though he should often be late, he is a good student。盡管他經(jīng)常遲到，他還是個好學(xué)生。3方式狀語從句中的虛擬語氣as if, as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句常用虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：表示所發(fā)生的時間虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生在主句動作之前had過去分詞與主句動作同時發(fā)生過去式（be通常用were )發(fā)生在主句動作之后would/could/might/should動詞原形they

13、 began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long.他們開始熱烈的談?wù)撈饋砭秃孟袼麄円严嗷フJ(rèn)識很久了。4原因狀語從句中的虛擬語氣amazed， angry， annoyed， astonished， disappointed， frightened， happy， pleased, proud， sorry， surprised, upset等后面的狀語從句中常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為:should動詞原形（指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?。he was angry that you should call him by name.

14、他很生氣，你竟然對他直呼其名。should完成式， 指過去.如:im very sorry that you should have failed the exam.我很遺憾，你這次考試竟然失敗了.三、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣1英語中，如：advise， ask， demand, desire, decide， insist（堅決要求）， order， propose， request， suggest（建議） 表示請求、要求、命令或建議等意義的動詞所接的賓語從句一般用虛擬語氣，其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：(should）動詞原形。如：the teacher advised that we should

15、make good use of every minute here.老師勸我們要好好地利用在這兒的每一分鐘。但是，當(dāng)insist的意思為“堅決認(rèn)為，堅持說”；suggest的意思為“表明，暗含,暗示等時，賓語從句一般不用虛擬語氣.如：tom insisted that he hadnt stolen the watch.湯姆堅持說他沒有偷那塊手表。his smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam。他的微笑表明他在這次考試中成功了。2英語中，wish之后的賓語從句，表示一種沒有實現(xiàn)或根本不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望，常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)

16、為：表示所發(fā)生的時間虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生在主句動作之前(1）had過去分詞(2）would/could/might/shouldhave過去分詞與主句動作同時發(fā)生過去式（be通常用were)發(fā)生在主句動作之后would/could/might/should動詞原形i wish i learnt english well.我希望我已學(xué)好了英語。i wish i had been there with them last week.我希望上周跟他們一起在那兒。he wishes we could go and play games with him.他希望我們能去跟他做游戲。3英語中,would ra

17、ther, had rather, would sooner等之后的賓語從句常表示與客觀事實不相符的一種愿望，故使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：表示所發(fā)生的時間虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)過去had過去分詞現(xiàn)在過去式（be通常用were ） 將來過去式(be通常用were ） id rather you had seen the film yesterday。我倒想你昨天看過了這場電影。id rather you were here now.我倒想你現(xiàn)在在這兒。wed rather you came here tomorrow.我倒想你明天來這兒.四、主語從句中的虛擬語氣在表達驚異、惋惜、遺憾、理應(yīng)如此等意

18、義的主語從句中常使用虛擬語氣，其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為： should動詞原形，主句中的謂語動詞形式不限。句型：(1）it is admirable/dreadful/extraordinary/odd/remarkable/sad/ advisable/ annoying/disappointing/surprising/upsetting/frightening/better/best/curious/desirable/important/strange/peculiar/proper/necessary/natural/.。that.。.（2) it is a pity/a shame/no

19、 wonder/.that。.(3) it is suggested/requested/desired/proposed/。that。(4) it worries me that。it is important that we should do well in our lessons first。我們先把功課學(xué)好很重要。it is strange that he should not come.很奇怪,他竟不來了.it is a pity that we should not meet tomorrow。真遺憾我們明天不能見面了.注：在it is/wasadj.that主語中，從句有時用s

20、hould have done sth。表示從句是指過去的動作。it is quite natural that she should have got angry.她（那時）當(dāng)然會生氣。五、表語從句及同位語從句中虛擬語氣英語中，表示請求、要求、命令、建議等名詞advice，desire,decision，idea，instruction,order，plan，proposal，recommendation，request，requirement，suggestion，wish充當(dāng)句子的主語而后面接表語從句或它們后面接同位語時，表語及同位語從句都須用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為:(should

21、) 動詞原形。如：we followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help。我們接受了他的建議:我們應(yīng)該請求老師的幫助。their plan is that they should build a new factory in their hometown。他們的計劃就是在家鄉(xiāng)建一座新工廠。六、定語從句中的虛擬語氣英語中,表示“早該做某事了”時，定語從句中的謂語動詞須用虛擬語氣，其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為:it is （high/about) time that主語動詞的過去式/should動詞原形。如：it is time that

22、 i went to pick up my daughter at school。我該去學(xué)校接我的女兒了.it is high time you should go to work.你早該去上班了。完成句子1謝謝你上周努力的工作，要是沒有你，我們不可能做完。thank you for all your hard work last week.we _2醫(yī)生說在大吃大喝以后不要游泳.the doctor recommended that _ after eating a large meal。3這種打印機質(zhì)量優(yōu)良,如果在第一年出了毛病，我們將承擔(dān)維修費用。this printer is of g

23、ood quality，if _ within the first year，we would repair it at our expense。4現(xiàn)在到了我們停止工作而要吃晚飯的時間了。its high time that _ and _ now.5教師建議家長為了安全起見，不要讓12歲以下的孩子騎自行車上學(xué)。teachers advise parents _ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety?！敬鸢浮?.could not have managed it without you 2you should not swim3。it should break down4。we stopped our work；had supper5。not allow。用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形