定語(yǔ)從句用法歸納

1、定語(yǔ)從句用法特例定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞who、whom、whose、which、what、as和關(guān)系副詞where、when、why等引導(dǎo)，但須記?。?.what不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句.2.關(guān)系詞的分析須考慮它在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分。一.指人的關(guān)系代詞有who、whose、whom、that.試分析：Theoldmanwho/whom/thatwevisitedyesterdayisafamousartist.MissWangistakingcareofthechildwhoseparentshavegonetoBeijing.Themanwithwhommyfathershookhandsjustnowi

2、sourheadmaster.（=Themanwho/whomthatmyfathershookhandswithjustnowisourheadmaster.）注：A指人時(shí)有時(shí)只用who不宜用that。1先行詞為one、ones或anyone（1）ThecomradeIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostudieshardandworkshard.（2）Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.2先行詞為these時(shí)ThesewhoaregoingtoBeijingarethebeststudentsofourschool.3在there

3、be開頭的句子中Thereisastudentwhowantstoseeyou.4一個(gè)句子中帶有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞是that，另一個(gè)宜用who，以免重復(fù)。Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisthemonitorwhoworkshards.5在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中A。Imetafriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustcomefromJapan.B主句以who開頭的句子中,只用that,不用who。二指物的關(guān)系代詞有which、whose(=ofwhich)、that.試分析：1.Ilikethebookswhich/th

4、atwerewrittenbyLuXun.2.Thedesks(which/that)wemadelastyearwereverygood.3.Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.(=Thisisthehousewhich/thatwelivedinlastyear.)4.Iliveintheroomwhosewindowsfacesouth.(=Iliveintheroom,thewindowsofwhichfacesouth.)注：A.介詞如果位于作為其賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞之前時(shí)，只能用whom、which不能用who或that.(1).Thegirlabo

5、utwhomtheyweretalkingisourmonitor.(2).ThebookinwhichtherearemanyinterestingthingswaswrittenbyLiMing.B.部分短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的介詞不可與動(dòng)詞拆開，在定語(yǔ)從句中其介詞不可前置，只能放在其動(dòng)詞之后。Isthisthebookwhichsheislookingfor?Theoldmanwho/whomtheyarewaitingforisProfessorLi.Thechildwho/whomsheislookingafterisWangPingsson.C指物時(shí)，下列情況下只能用that，不宜用which

6、。（1）先行詞為不定代詞，如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、theone等。Wearewillingtodoanythingthatisgoodtothepeople.Ihavetoldthemall(that)Iknow.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.（2）先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞、修飾時(shí)。ThefirstbookthatIreadlastnightwasanEnglishnovel.（3）先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。Thisisoneofthemostinterestingfilms

7、thatIhaveeverseen.Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.（4）如果有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時(shí)(先行詞既有人又有物)，定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞用which和who都不合適，只能用that。Weknownothingaboutthedoctorsandthehospitalsthatyouaretalkingabout.Therearesheepandmenthatcanbeseenonthehill.（5）如果先行詞被theonly、thevery、thelast、thesame、any、few、little、no、all、oneof、just修飾

8、時(shí)。Thisistheonlybookthatcanbelenttoyou.（6）當(dāng)主句是以which開頭的特殊問句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只用that。Whichisthedictionarythatheusedyesterday?D只物時(shí)，下列情況下只能用which，不宜用that。（1）關(guān)系代詞放在介詞之后Thisisthefactoryinwhichweonceworked.（2）非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中Thisisthebook,whichiswrittenbyLuXun.（3）that，Those作主語(yǔ)時(shí)ThosewhichareonthedeskareEnglishbooks.E先行詞前有such

9、、thesame、as時(shí),關(guān)系代詞用as，不用that,但thesameas表示同樣的,thesamethat表示同一的Heknowsasmanypeopleasarepresentatthemeeting.Suchpeopleasyourefertoarerarenowadays.三比較When/which、where/which、why.whichIstillneverforget.ThisisthedaywhenIjoinedtheparty.whichhespentreadingthebooks.whereIfoundthebook.whichmakesmachines.Thisist

10、heplacewhichweoncevisited.whichIwillneverforget.whichIamlookingfor.限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句Allthestudentswhostudyhardhavepassed.學(xué)習(xí)努力的學(xué)生都考試及格了。(只有努力的及格了，不努力的沒及格。)Allthestudents,whostudyhardhavepassed.所有的學(xué)生都及格了，他們學(xué)習(xí)努力。（沒有人不及格，這些學(xué)生都很努力。）從句是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)（如去掉，主句意思就不完整或不正確。）從句是對(duì)先行詞的附加說(shuō)明（如去掉，主句意思仍清

11、楚，不受影響。）與主句關(guān)系密切，不用逗號(hào)與主句關(guān)系不十分密切，用逗號(hào)與主句隔開譯為漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句譯在先行詞前，與先行詞用“的”連接譯為漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句放在主句后面關(guān)系代詞that可以代替who、whom(指人)、which(指物)關(guān)系代詞不用that,只用who、whom(指人)、which(指物)關(guān)系代詞代替賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略關(guān)系代詞不能省略關(guān)系代詞as和which先研究下面兩個(gè)例句：1.Thiselephantislikeasnake,as/whicheverybodycansee.=Aseverybodycansee,thiselephantislikeasnake.任何人都看得出來(lái)，這頭象像條蛇

12、。2.Tomdidntpassthephysicsexam,whichmadehisparentsveryangry.Tom物理考試不及格，這使得他父親很生氣。這兩個(gè)例句中，as和which所代表的都是整個(gè)主句所表示的內(nèi)容。但有兩點(diǎn)不同之處：1在形式上as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面；而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面。2在意義上，as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系一般為一致關(guān)系，常譯為“正如”，“就像”，而which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系是因果關(guān)系，或which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)主句的評(píng)論。因此，在意思通順的情況下，whic

13、h可代替as，而as許多時(shí)候不能代替which，如句2。再如：1Hewaslateagain,as/whichwehadexpected.=Aswehadexpected,hewaslateagain.正如我們所料，他又遲到了。/他又遲到了這是我們?cè)缇土系降摹?Thestreethasntbeenclearedforweeks,whichmakesitverydirty.街道好多星期沒有打掃了，因此整條街很臟。（不用as）3Theyoungmancheatedhisfriendofmuchmoney,whichwasdisgraceful.那年輕人詐騙了他朋友許多錢財(cái)，這是不光彩的。（不用as

14、）4Hetakesexerciseeveryday,whichhasdonealotofgoodtohishealth.他每天運(yùn)動(dòng)，這對(duì)他的身體很有好處。（不用as）5Ashasalreadybeenpointedout,Englishisratherdifficultforaforeigner.正如已經(jīng)指出的那樣，英語(yǔ)對(duì)于初學(xué)者說(shuō)，是相當(dāng)難學(xué)的。在suchas、thesameas、as、asmany/muchas等結(jié)構(gòu)中,as不能用which代替。如：1.Suchbooksasthisaretoodifficultforbeginners.這樣的書對(duì)于初學(xué)的人來(lái)說(shuō)是太難了。=Bookssuc

15、hasthisare=Bookslikethisare2.Iliveinthesamebuildingashe(does).我和他住再同一座大樓里。3.Heknowsasmanypeopleasarepresentatthemeeting.他認(rèn)識(shí)所有到會(huì)的人。4.Thatdayweallgotupearlyasusual.那天我們和平時(shí)一樣，都起得很早?！癘neofthe+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”后面定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)情況這一結(jié)構(gòu)后面的定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，跟定語(yǔ)從句所*近的那個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞在數(shù)上保持一致。如：1Thatisoneofthebooksthatarerequiredforstudya

16、tschool.2Thisisoneofthemostwonderfulnovelsthathavebeenpublishedsince1990.3SheisoneofthefewpersonswhoknowSpanish.4Thisisoneofthemostfamousplaysthatwerewritteninthethirties,如果oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞這一結(jié)構(gòu)前面帶有theonly、thevery之類的限定語(yǔ)，后面定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則要用單數(shù)形式，這是因?yàn)槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句在意義上修飾的是而不是那個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如：1.HeistheonlyoneoftheteacherswhoknowsFre

17、nchinourschool.(修飾theonlyone)HeisoneoftheteacherswhoknowFrenchinourschool.(修飾theteachers)2.Thisistheonlyoneoftheroomsthatisfreenow.(修飾theonlyone)Thisisoneoftheroomsthatarefreenow.(修飾rooms)as與which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)可以互換，但下列情況多用as。1.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句居句首時(shí)。Asweallknow,theearthisround.2.當(dāng)與such或thesame連用時(shí)，一般用as。Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.Ihaveth