計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)

1、2003-8-30http:/ english1 2003-8-30http:/ english 2 Introduction The development of the computer changes with each passing day, in the field of computer, regardless of the hardware or software, the theory or practice, the western developed country is in the advantage generally. When Computer undergra

2、duates are engaged in the work of computer, its unavoidable to have dealings with English materials of the computer. One can not grasp a large number of related to computer respect only by the daily vocabulary in the course of ordinary English, so its necessary for us to learn this course of Compute

3、r English which can teach us scientific and technological vocabularies and commonly used grammar phenomena in science and technology. This course can help us to grip the ability of fast reading computer English materials and translation skills. 2003-8-30http:/ english 3 Objectives Develop your five

4、skills. Help you pass your postgraduate entrance examination. Expand your field of vision in computing science. Bring up your interest in technological material reading. 2003-8-30http:/ english 4 Five Skills Reading to understand a wide variety of text including diagrams, tables, and ads. to compare

5、 different sources of information, written and spoken. to grasp the latest computing terminologies, abstractions and grammar structures. 2003-8-30http:/ english 5 Five Skills Writing to write descriptions and explanations of processes. to write summaries of longer texts. to write technological these

6、s or papers. 2003-8-30http:/ english 6 Five Skills Translation Skill to translate English version computer relevant works. to interpret foreign experts speech. to find out the computer primitives and combination structures. 2003-8-30http:/ english 7 Five Skills Listening to understand native and non

7、native professionals and students, talking about their research. to understand experts talking informally about aspects of computing. 2003-8-30http:/ english 8 Five Skills Speaking to communicate about computing topics 2003-8-30http:/ english 9 Unit One Personal Computing Task 1 Peripheral I. Termin

8、ologies 1.peripheral 外圍設(shè)備 A device to perform an auxiliary action in the system, e.g. input/output, backing store and communications devices (modems), etc. 2. auxiliary 輔助的,輔助設(shè)備 2003-8-30http:/ english 10 3. LED (Light Emitting Diode) 發(fā)光二極管 4. infrared sensor 紅外傳感器 5. joystick 游戲桿、操縱手柄 A manual cont

9、rol or cursor device, as one attached to a computer. 6. stylus 指示筆,觸針 In computer graphics, a pointer that is operated by placing it in a display space or a tablet; for example, a light pen, a sonic pen, a voltage pencil. 2003-8-30http:/ english 11 7. magnetic磁性的 8. handheld 手提式的 II. Look at the pic

10、ture and tell what they are. (TASK ONE) III. Definition Pattern is a/an device connected by a wire to the computer which IV. Exercises In Class Explain displays and keyboards using the pattern weve just mentioned. 2003-8-30http:/ english 12 Unit One Personal Computing Task 2-3 CWE Interviews I. Term

11、inologies and Words puter consultant 計(jì)算機(jī)顧問(wèn) 2. computerize 使計(jì)算機(jī)化 3. procedure 過(guò)程(程序,生產(chǎn)過(guò)程) 4. application ，應(yīng)用軟件 2003-8-30http:/ english 13 5. as opposed to 而不是. 6. IBM clone IBM兼容機(jī) 7. GUI graphical user interface 8. icon 圖標(biāo) 9. in any case 無(wú)論如何, 總之 II. Listen to the tape and do the exercises. III. Spok

12、en English 1.Introduction Im doing . research on . 2.Inquiries Could you spare a few minutes to answer some simple questions? It wont take too long, I promise. 3.Asking professions. What exactly do you do as a computer consultant? 2003-8-30http:/ english 14 IV. Exercises Translation In Class (C) 1.

13、I recently did some work for a company that wanted to computerize all their bookkeeping. I advised them on the best hardware to buy and I developed a software package to suit their needs. 2. It means that you click on icons instead of typing in commands. 2003-8-30http:/ english 15 Unit One Personal

14、Computing Task 4-10 Short History I. Terminologies and Words 1.mainframe 大型機(jī) A large, powerful computer, often serving several connected terminals. 主機(jī)架 2. operating system 操作系統(tǒng) 2003-8-30http:/ english 16 3. compatibility 兼容性 4. commodity item 商品 5. proprietary專利的(所有的) 6. capitalize on （與on 連用）利用 7.

15、endorsement 認(rèn)可 8. world-wide scale 世界范圍 9. strategy策略 2003-8-30http:/ english 17 II. Listen to the tape and do EX 5, EX6, EX7, EX8. III. Exercises Translation In Class (E) 1. Line 4 It went on sale. Apple Computers. 2. Line 32 However, the company.to be performed. 3. Line 74 The original IBM PC . sp

16、eed of 33MHZ. 2003-8-30http:/ english 18 Definition Reciting 1. operation system 2. graphical interface 3. command-based operating system IV. Speaking Time EX 10 2003-8-30http:/ english 19 Unit One Personal Computing Task 11-14 The processor I. Terminologies and Words 1.processor 處理機(jī) 2. conductive 傳

17、導(dǎo)的(導(dǎo)電的) 3. adaptor 適配器 4. accumulator累加器,存儲(chǔ)器 2003-8-30http:/ english 20 5. register 寄存器 6. sequence 時(shí)序 7. transfer 傳送 8. backing storage 9. quartz crystal 10. Operation sets 指令集 11. Operation 操作符 operand 操作碼 12. Refer to 表示 13.Megahertz, megabytes, gigabytes 14.Call each unit into operation 調(diào)度各部完成 操

18、作 2003-8-30http:/ english 21 15. ALU = arithmetic/logic unit 16. Word length=word size 17. Instruction repertoire 指令系統(tǒng) 18. Serial mode, parallel mode 19. Synchronous pulses 同步脈沖 20. strobe pulses 選通脈沖 21. trigger pulses 觸發(fā)脈沖 2003-8-30http:/ english 22 22. expansion slots 擴(kuò)展槽 23. Accelerated 加速的 24.

19、daisy chaining peripherals菊花鏈接 外設(shè) 25. hot plugging 熱拔插 26. Scalable 可升級(jí)的 27. digital signals和analog signals 2003-8-30http:/ english 23 II. Do TASK 11, 12. III. Learning Definition Page 9 Line 5 upper “Control Unit” IV. Exercises In Class (1) 1. What does the processor consist of? 2. What do RAM, ROM

20、, ALU mean? 3. Can you tell me some kinds of adaptor boards? 4. Explain the differences among the three kinds of buses. 2003-8-30http:/ english 24 V. Exercises In Class (2) Translation (E) Page 9 b, f, h VI. Homework 1. Explanation: CPU, register, system clock, USB, accumulator, IEEE1394 in English.

21、 2. List more than five peripherals in English. 3. Answer the questions: When did the first IBM PC come into being? What did Xerox do during this time? 4. Complete TASK 13, 14 after class. 5. Prepare from Page 11 to 23 2003-8-30http:/ english 25 BACKGROUND 1 Cpu A functional unit that interprets and

22、 carries out instructions. A unique operation set Instructions: be made up of operations that specify the function to be performed and operands that represent the data to be operated on. A timer called clock: Release precisely timed electrical signals that provide a regular pulse for the processors

23、work. Processor speed: be borrowed from electrical engineering and be called megahertz/gigahertz 2003-8-30http:/ english 26 2 Two functional units and registers ALU The functional unit that provides the computer with logical and computational capabilities. Registers A mini-storage location inside pr

24、ocessor is used to keep track of the overall status of the program that is running. A important factor that affects the speed and performance of a processor. If the operand registers of a processor are 64 bits wide, the processor is said to be a 64-bit processor. 2003-8-30http:/ english 27 3 Control

25、 unit The functional unit that is responsible for supervising the operation of the entire computer system. The control unit fetches instructions from memory and determines their types or decodes them. Step 1 Provide signals to activate the operations in the ALU, the memory and I/o units; Step 2 Afte

26、r completing the instruction, Call the next from the memory; Step 3 Decode the operation code to produce a signal to begin the operation 2003-8-30http:/ english 28 4 System clock To keep the system working at a unanimous pace, the CU must schedule all units with synchronous pulses under the charge o

27、f a central timing unit-a crystal clock built inside it. These pulses are sent to working units used as strobe pulses or trigger pulses. System clocks speed means the number of pulses issued within one second. 2003-8-30http:/ english 29 5 Bus unit The place where the instructions flow in and out of

28、the microprocessor from the computers main memory. Its one of the factors that influence PCS working speed. Width of the bus: When we say a computer is a 64-bit computer, we mean that the width of its bus is 64-bit. Also its called word length. 2003-8-30http:/ english 30 6. Instruction Cache A wareh

29、ouse of instructions right on the chip. It helps PC speed up its calculating speed. 7 Instruction codes A program: a set of instructions that specify the operations, operands and the sequence by which processing has to occur. The stored program: Instruction codes together with data are stored in mem

30、ory. 2003-8-30http:/ english 31 System Bus and Interface A bus has been defined as a set of signals grouped by functions. Three buses: data, address and control bus The data-bus transmits data. A 64-bit microprocessor requires a 64-bit data-bus to transmit 64 bits of data in parallel. Its bi-directi

31、onal which means it transmits data in both directions. 2003-8-30http:/ english 32 The address-bus is used to select the origin or destination of signals transmitted through one of the other buses. Traditionally, a standard address bus has 16 lines which can address 64KB. The control-bus is used for

32、the synchronization of the system. It carries status and control information both to and from the microprocessor unit. A control- bus requires at least 10 control lines to be useful. 2003-8-30http:/ english 33 ISA( Industry Standard Architecture) bus : A bus design specification that allows componen

33、ts to be added as cards plugged into standard expansion slots. A 16-bit ISA slot which is permitted a 16-bit data path actually consists of two separate 8-bit slots mounted end to end so that a single 16-bit card plugs into both slots. (1984) EISA( Extended Industry Standard Architecture) bus : EISA

34、 maintains compatibility with the earlier ISA but provides fro additional features in IBMs MCA (Micro Channel Architecture) bus standard. It has 32-bit data path and much better than ISA bus. 2003-8-30http:/ english 34 MCA(Micro Channel Architecture) bus: The design of the bus in IBM PS/2 computers.

35、 Unlike the PC/AT bus, the MCA functions as either a 16-bit or a 32-bit bus, and it also can be driven independently by multiple bus master processors. PCI local bus(Peripheral Component Interconnect local bus): Today its a popular local bus used in PCs. 2003-8-30http:/ english 35 A specification in

36、troduced by Intel Corporation that defines a local bus system that allows up to 10 PEC-compliant expansion cards to be installed in PCs. A PCI controller card, which must be installed in one of the PCI-compliant slots. Optionally, an expansion bus controller for the systems ISA, EISA, or MCA slots c

37、an be installed as well, providing increased synchronization over all the systems bus-installed recourses. The PCI controller can exchange data with the systems CPU either 32 bits or 64 bits at a time, depending on the implementation, and it allows intelligent, PCI-compliant adapters to perform task

38、s concurrently with the CPU using a technique called bus mastering. 2003-8-30http:/ english 36 AGP(Accelerated Graphics Port): A high-performance bus specification designed for fast, high-quality display of 3-D and video images. Developed by Intel, AGP uses a dedicated point-to-point connection betw

39、een the graphics controller and main memory. This connection enables AGP-capable display adapters and compatible chipsets to transfer video data directly between system memory and adapter memory, to display images more quickly and smoothly than they can be displayed when the information must be tran

40、sferred over PCI bus. AGP runs at 66 MHz-twice as fast as the PCI bus-and can support data transfer speeds of up to 533 Mb per second. 2003-8-30http:/ english 37 USB(Universal Serial bus): A serial bus with a data transfer rate of 12 Mb per second for connecting peripherals to a microcomputer. USB c

41、an connect up to 127 peripherals, such as external CD-ROM drives, printers, modems, mice, and keyboards, to the system through a single general-purpose port. This is accomplished by daisy chaining peripherals together. USB is designed to support the ability to automatically add and configure new dev

42、ices and the ability to add such devices without having to shut down and restart the system(hot plugging). 2003-8-30http:/ english 38 FireWire bus(IEEE 1394): A nonproprietary high-speed, serial bus I/O standard. IEEE 1394 provides a means of connecting digital devices, including personal computers

43、and consumer electronics hardware. It is platform-independent, scalable(expanded), and flexible in supporting peer-to-peer(roughly, device-to-device) connections. IEEE 1394 preserves data integrity by eliminating the need to convert digital signals into analog signals. IEEE 1394 is considered a low-

44、cost interface for devices such as digital cameras, camcorders, and multimedia devices. 2003-8-30http:/ english 39 IDE(Integrated Drive Electronics) Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) is really a misnomer in the way we use it today. IDE refers to any drive with the controller built-in. The interface

45、 most of us use, that we call IDE, is actually called ATA, or AT Attachment. 2003-8-30http:/ english 40 Most drives today are IDE. These drives have the controller built on. They plug into a bus connector on the motherboard or an adapter card. Such drives are easy to install and require a minimum nu

46、mber of cables. This is due to the fact that the controller is on the drive itself. Less parts are needed and the signal pathways can be much shorter. These short signal pathways improve reliability of the drive. Before, data could lose its integrity while traveling over cheap ribbon cables. Lastly,

47、 integrating the controller is easier on the manufacturer because they do not have to worry about complying with another manufacturers controller. Each drive is an independent entity. As said earlier, IDE is really a much broader term than what we usually use. Most of the time, one is referring to ATA IDE, simply because this is most popular. There are other types, including MCA IDE and XT IDE. These will be discussed briefl