瞬間性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞新

1、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式、發(fā)生過程的長短可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。一. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作 ，如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sin g, read, sleep, live, stay等。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以與表示時(shí)間段的狀語連用。表示時(shí)間段的短語有：1. fo葉一段時(shí)間， eg: for 2 years; for a long time 等2. since 從句，since he came here;3. since+時(shí)間點(diǎn) +ago,eg： since last

2、 year, since 5 days ago;4. how long;二. 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也稱終止性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy 等。如果要與fo葉時(shí)間段，since+年份，since+時(shí)間段+ago，how long連用時(shí)，瞬間性動(dòng)詞要變延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。三.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換:非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞leavebe away(from)borrowkeepbuyhavebegi n/startbe ondiebe d

3、eadfin ishbe overjoinbe in+組織機(jī)構(gòu);be a member of+組織機(jī)構(gòu)ope n sth.keep sth. ope ncome herebe herego therebe therebecomebecome backbe backcome to/get to/ arrive(i n/at)/reach/ move tobe (in) /stay(i n/at)go (get) outbe output onwearfall illbe illget upbe upcatch a coldhave a coldfall asleepbe asleepget to

4、 knowknowwake upbe upclosebe closed例：(1)他死了三年了。誤：He has died for three years.正: He has been dead for three years.正： He died three years ago.正: It is three years since he died.正： Three years has passed since he died.(2)他來這兒五天了。誤:He has come here for five days.正: He has been here for five days.正: He c

5、ame here five days ago.正: It is five days since he came here.正: Five days has passed since he came here. (1)、(2)句中的 die、come為終止性動(dòng)詞，不能與表示 段時(shí)間的狀語連用。那么，應(yīng)如何正確表達(dá)呢？可以采用下面的四種方法：(1) 將句中終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達(dá)方式.(2) 將句中表示段時(shí)間的狀語改為表示過去確定時(shí)間的狀語，如下面兩例中的第二種正確表達(dá) 方式。用句型It is+段時(shí)間+si nee.表達(dá)原意，如上面兩例中的第三種正確表達(dá)方式。

6、用句型時(shí)間+has passed+since.表達(dá)原意，如上面兩例中的第四種正確表達(dá)方式。四、終止性動(dòng)詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)否定式中，成為可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因而可與表示一段時(shí)間的 狀語連用。如:1.He has nt left here si nce 1986.2have nt heard from my father for two weeks.五、終止性動(dòng)詞的否定式與until/till連用，構(gòu)成not+終止性動(dòng)詞+until/till .的句型，意為 直到才。如： 1. You cant leave here until I arrive. 直到我到了，你才能離開這里。2. I will no

7、t go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight. 今天晚上直到我畫完畫，我才 上床睡覺。六、終止性動(dòng)詞可以用于 when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中， 但不可以用于 while 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀 語從句中。 when 表示的時(shí)間是 點(diǎn)時(shí)間（從句謂語動(dòng)詞用終止性動(dòng)詞 ），也可以是 段時(shí)間（從 句謂語動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 ）。而 while 表示的是一個(gè)較長的時(shí)間或過程，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性 動(dòng)詞。如： 1. When we reached London, it was twelve oclock. （reach 為終止性動(dòng)詞 ）2. Please

8、look after my daughter while/when we are away. （be away 為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞短語 ） 七、終止性動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)不可與 how long 連用 （只限于肯定式 ）。如 : 誤： How long have you come here?正：How long have you been here? 正： When did you come here?補(bǔ)充練習(xí)：1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has leftB. had left C. has been away

9、 D. had been away2. I the League for 5 years so far.A. joinedB. have joined C. have been in3. The factory since the February of 1988.A . has been open B. has opened C. was openD. opened4. Mary and Rose friends since they met in 2000.A. have made B. have been C. madeD. have become5. You mustnt until

10、he comes back.A. be away B. leave C. be left6. The meeting for a week now.A. has finishedB. has ended C. has been over7. Miss Gao this school for nearly 5 years.A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught8. Ben a teacher for 4 years .A. has been B. has become C. wasD. became9. I home for a week.A. h

11、ave returned B. have been back C. returned10. How long he ?A. diedB. has, died . has, been dead11. Heat eight yesterday afternoon.A. sleptB. was sleeping C. has sleepD. had slept12. He the car for a week.A. boughtB. has bought C. has had13. How long you ill ? Two weeks.A. did fallB. have, fell C. ha

12、ve, been14.Since 2000, he his hometown.A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from15.Ill lend you the book , but you can only it for 2 days.A. borrow B. keep C. take16. The bus on the road for 2 hours so far.A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been17. Are you the jacket these days?A. wearingB. putting on C. dressingD. on18. He foe 2 hours.A. got up B. has got up C. has been up19. Tom is ill in hospital.