外文參考文獻(xiàn)譯文及原文(定稿)

1、廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)華立學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文參考文獻(xiàn)譯文及原文系 部 管理學(xué)部 專(zhuān) 業(yè) 物流管理 年 級(jí) 2007級(jí) 班級(jí)名稱(chēng) 07本物流管理2班 學(xué) 號(hào)學(xué)生姓名 楊子權(quán) 指導(dǎo)教師 2011 年 5 月 目 錄1 國(guó)內(nèi)外物流園區(qū)發(fā)展模式探究11.1 發(fā)展物流園區(qū)的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義11.2 國(guó)外成功的物流園區(qū)開(kāi)發(fā)模式11.2.1 日本的開(kāi)發(fā)模式11.2.2 德國(guó)的開(kāi)發(fā)模式21.2.3 美國(guó)物流園區(qū)的開(kāi)發(fā)模式21.3 我國(guó)物流園區(qū)現(xiàn)有開(kāi)發(fā)模式及現(xiàn)狀31.4 我國(guó)物流園區(qū)規(guī)劃技術(shù)路線(xiàn)31.5 我國(guó)物流園區(qū)規(guī)劃建設(shè)的問(wèn)題分析31.5.1物流園區(qū)缺乏統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃，影響區(qū)域布局31.5.2

2、物流園區(qū)的投資貪大求全，規(guī)模和數(shù)量成為隱患41.5.3 物流園區(qū)的規(guī)劃不充分、戰(zhàn)略定位不明確41.5.4 投資者借物流園區(qū)之名圈占土地現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重41.6 從宏觀(guān)層面，對(duì)政府部門(mén)提出的建議51.6.1 發(fā)揮政府宏觀(guān)調(diào)控作用，提供政策保障51.6.2 加強(qiáng)科學(xué)管理，創(chuàng)造規(guī)范的物流市場(chǎng)環(huán)境51.6.3 制定相關(guān)政策，但要防止負(fù)面效應(yīng)51.7 從園區(qū)的建設(shè)和運(yùn)營(yíng)層面，對(duì)地方政府和企業(yè)提出建議61.7.1 物流園區(qū)規(guī)劃建設(shè)前要有充分的準(zhǔn)備工作61.7.2 加強(qiáng)物流園區(qū)投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理，規(guī)避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)61.7.3 物流園區(qū)要進(jìn)行彈性規(guī)劃，設(shè)施規(guī)劃要經(jīng)濟(jì)合理61.7.4 根據(jù)本地實(shí)際建立物流園區(qū)準(zhǔn)入制61.7.5 提高

3、服務(wù)意識(shí)，加強(qiáng)園區(qū)的經(jīng)營(yíng)管理71.7.6 園區(qū)物流企業(yè)發(fā)展的優(yōu)勢(shì)資源整合71.8 結(jié)語(yǔ)7 contents 1 a connotation of logistics park11.1 the practical significance of developing the logistics park11.2 foreign logistics park development model of success21.2.1 japans development model21.2.2 germanys development model31.2.3 the development model

4、of logistics park31.3 logistics parks in china and status of existing development pattern41.4 lines of logistics park planning techniques41.5 chinas logistics park planning and problems of construction51.5.1 lack of unified planning logistics park, affecting regional distribution51.5.2 investment ta

5、ndaqiuquan logistics park, the size and number of a risk51.5.3 inadequate logistics park planning, strategic positioning is not clear 61.5.4 investor by the name of the logistics park and occupy the land is serious61.6 from the macro level, the recommendations of the government departments61.6.1 pla

6、y the role of government regulation to provide policy support71.6.2 strengthen scientific management, to create standardized logistics market71.6.3 development of relevant policies, but to prevent the negative effects71.7 from the parks construction and operational levels, to local governments and e

7、nterprises to make recommendations81.7.1 the logistics park planning and construction should be fully prepared before the work81.7.2 strengthening the logistics park investment risk management, risk-averse81.7.3 to be flexible logistics park planning, facilities planning to economic rationality91.7.

8、4 distribution park in accordance with local access to the actual establishment of the system91.7.5 enhance service awareness, strengthen management of the park91.7.6 development of logistics park integration of advantageous resources101.8 conclusion101 國(guó)內(nèi)外物流園區(qū)發(fā)展模式探究物流園區(qū)是我國(guó)現(xiàn)代物流業(yè)發(fā)展中出現(xiàn)的新型業(yè)態(tài)，根據(jù)中國(guó)物流與采購(gòu)聯(lián)

9、合會(huì)、中國(guó)物流學(xué)會(huì)在2010年的調(diào)查，我國(guó)物流園區(qū)（基地）已經(jīng)發(fā)展到525個(gè)，其中134個(gè)已經(jīng)建成運(yùn)營(yíng)。國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)物流術(shù)語(yǔ)(gb/t18354-2006)中，把物流園區(qū)定義為：物流園區(qū)是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)物流設(shè)施集約化和物流運(yùn)作共同化，或者出于城市物流空間布局合理化的目的而在城市周邊等各區(qū)域，集中建設(shè)的物流設(shè)施群，與眾多物流業(yè)者在地域上的物理集結(jié)地。1.1 發(fā)展物流園區(qū)的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義勿庸置疑，物流園區(qū)的建設(shè)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、城市交通和流通渠道建設(shè)等諸方面具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。l 物流園區(qū)建設(shè)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的作用，首先體現(xiàn)在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)項(xiàng)目大規(guī)模的投入和實(shí)施必定帶動(dòng)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，使城市中心地區(qū)土地使用價(jià)值增值，同時(shí)物流園區(qū)

10、的物流基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施比較完善、物流服務(wù)功能較為齊全，能有效支持產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)，確保經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展所必須的物流運(yùn)作效率和水平。l 物流園區(qū)的建設(shè)，從城市整體利益出發(fā)，解決了城市功能紊亂的問(wèn)題、緩解了城市的交通擁擠、減輕了對(duì)環(huán)境的壓力。在郊區(qū)或城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)合部主要交通干道附近專(zhuān)辟用地，大大改善了城市交通環(huán)境。l 物流園區(qū)的功能，體現(xiàn)于物流的核心內(nèi)涵所涵含的物流服務(wù)組織與物流運(yùn)作管理層面，與傳統(tǒng)的貨物運(yùn)輸組織中心相比，具有高效率的特征，因此物流園區(qū)的建設(shè)大大推動(dòng)了城市流通渠道的建設(shè)。1.2 國(guó)外成功的物流園區(qū)開(kāi)發(fā)模式探究國(guó)外成功的物流園區(qū)開(kāi)發(fā)模式，以為我國(guó)的物流園區(qū)開(kāi)發(fā)提供借鑒。在結(jié)合我國(guó)物流園區(qū)實(shí)際情況的前提下，積極

11、地保留國(guó)外物流園區(qū)開(kāi)發(fā)模式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，并引以為用。1.2.1 日本的開(kāi)發(fā)模式物流園區(qū)（logistics park）最早出現(xiàn)在20世紀(jì)60年代的日本東京，被稱(chēng)為物流基地或物流園地（distribution park）。雖然其最初建設(shè)物流園區(qū)是為了緩解城市交通壓力，但其基本做法所取得的良好效果卻值得我們借鑒。 重視園區(qū)發(fā)展規(guī)劃和配套的市政規(guī)劃，在城市的市郊邊緣帶、內(nèi)環(huán)線(xiàn)外或城市之間的主要干道附近，規(guī)劃出有利于未來(lái)具體配套設(shè)施建設(shè)的地塊作為物流園區(qū)。 優(yōu)惠的土地使用和政府投資政策。日本政府牽頭將規(guī)劃的園區(qū)內(nèi)土地，分地塊以生地價(jià)格出售給不同類(lèi)型的物流行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)，這些協(xié)會(huì)再以股份制的形式在其內(nèi)部會(huì)員中招募資

12、金，用來(lái)購(gòu)買(mǎi)土地和建造物流設(shè)施，政府還提供長(zhǎng)期低息貸款。 良好的市政設(shè)施配套及投資環(huán)境。政府對(duì)規(guī)劃的物流園區(qū)，積極加快交通、市政設(shè)施的配套建設(shè)，并在促進(jìn)物流企業(yè)發(fā)展的同時(shí)，促使物流園區(qū)的地價(jià)和房產(chǎn)升值，使投資者得到回報(bào)。因此，日本政府在日本物流園區(qū)的發(fā)展過(guò)程中充分發(fā)揮了政府宏觀(guān)調(diào)控的作用，使得物流體系在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)得到了良好的宏觀(guān)規(guī)劃，按經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需要，確定物流園地的數(shù)量及分布，并得到了迅速的發(fā)展。1.2.2 德國(guó)的開(kāi)發(fā)模式在德國(guó)，政府對(duì)物流園區(qū)的規(guī)劃和建設(shè)則是層層深入的。聯(lián)邦政府統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃，州政府、市政府扶持建設(shè)，公司化經(jīng)營(yíng)管理，入駐后企業(yè)自主經(jīng)營(yíng)。其基本做法是：聯(lián)邦政府統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃。聯(lián)邦政府在全面

13、考慮交通干線(xiàn)、運(yùn)輸樞紐規(guī)劃的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)布局、物流現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行調(diào)查，在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)對(duì)物流園區(qū)的布局、用地規(guī)模與未來(lái)發(fā)展進(jìn)行合理的規(guī)劃；州政府、市政府扶持建設(shè)。為引導(dǎo)各州按統(tǒng)一的規(guī)劃建設(shè)物流園區(qū)，德國(guó)交通主管部門(mén)對(duì)符合規(guī)劃的物流園區(qū)給予資助或提供貸款擔(dān)保；企業(yè)化經(jīng)營(yíng)管理。負(fù)責(zé)管理物流園區(qū)的企業(yè)受投資人的共同委托，負(fù)責(zé)園區(qū)的生地購(gòu)買(mǎi)、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施及配套設(shè)施建設(shè)以及園區(qū)建成后的地產(chǎn)出售、租賃、物業(yè)管理和信息服務(wù)等；入駐園區(qū)企業(yè)自主經(jīng)營(yíng)。由此可見(jiàn)，德國(guó)物流園區(qū)的建設(shè)和發(fā)展得益于聯(lián)邦政府、州政府、企業(yè)、行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)等多方面的共同努力。1.2.3 美國(guó)物流園區(qū)的開(kāi)發(fā)模式美國(guó)是物流發(fā)展最早的國(guó)家，其在物流園區(qū)的建設(shè)

14、方面也積累了豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。政府的優(yōu)惠政策。為支持物流園區(qū)的開(kāi)發(fā)和建設(shè)，政府提供許多政策上的優(yōu)惠以吸引投資和物流企業(yè)的進(jìn)駐。以德克薩斯州的圣安東尼奧市為例，為使其盡快成為北美自由貿(mào)易區(qū)的貿(mào)易走廊，該市政府制定了前10年免征財(cái)產(chǎn)稅、銷(xiāo)售稅返還、對(duì)從事中轉(zhuǎn)貨運(yùn)的企業(yè)免征財(cái)產(chǎn)稅等一系列稅收優(yōu)惠政策。并購(gòu)和建立戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系進(jìn)行資源優(yōu)勢(shì)組合。對(duì)世界各地的物流節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行合并優(yōu)化，使各種物流業(yè)務(wù)在時(shí)間、空間上的運(yùn)作達(dá)到最佳狀態(tài)，形成了“快速、優(yōu)質(zhì)、高效”的物流配送體系。1.3 我國(guó)物流園區(qū)現(xiàn)有開(kāi)發(fā)模式及現(xiàn)狀我國(guó)物流起步較晚，物流園區(qū)開(kāi)發(fā)與建設(shè)的興起也是近幾年的事。我國(guó)物流園區(qū)有以下4種開(kāi)發(fā)模式：開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)模式、主體引

15、導(dǎo)模式、地產(chǎn)商模式及綜合運(yùn)作模式。但從我國(guó)物流園區(qū)建設(shè)發(fā)展的狀況來(lái)看，物流園區(qū)的發(fā)展缺乏統(tǒng)一的規(guī)劃和管理，各地各部門(mén)物流園區(qū)建設(shè)中不可避免地出現(xiàn)草率規(guī)劃和盲目建設(shè)的傾向；各地物流發(fā)展極不平衡；物流園區(qū)空間布局不合理；綜合性的大型物流園區(qū)建設(shè)尚處于起步階段，與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家存在較大的差距。因此，我國(guó)必須積極探討目前適用于我國(guó)國(guó)情及物流發(fā)展水平的物流園區(qū)的開(kāi)發(fā)模式，并借鑒他國(guó)成功的經(jīng)驗(yàn)為我們提供有利的幫助。1.4 我國(guó)物流園區(qū)規(guī)劃技術(shù)路線(xiàn)政府發(fā)展現(xiàn)代物流產(chǎn)業(yè)，進(jìn)行物流園區(qū)規(guī)劃應(yīng)采用“一定位，三平臺(tái)”的技術(shù)路線(xiàn)。一定位即重點(diǎn)對(duì)物流園區(qū)的功能，包括基本功能、增值服務(wù)功能、配套服務(wù)功能，進(jìn)行定位。三平臺(tái)規(guī)劃：

16、區(qū)域物流基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施平臺(tái)規(guī)劃，包括基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施類(lèi)，設(shè)備類(lèi)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)類(lèi)三方面的統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃；區(qū)域物流信息平臺(tái)規(guī)劃，就是要解決各種物流信息系統(tǒng)之間的信息共享、系統(tǒng)集成以及各類(lèi)信息通道之間的互聯(lián)互通問(wèn)題；物流政策平臺(tái)建設(shè)就是在政府意志及物流規(guī)劃下，制定有利于發(fā)展現(xiàn)代物流的政策法規(guī)。1.5 我國(guó)物流園區(qū)規(guī)劃建設(shè)的問(wèn)題分析我國(guó)物流園區(qū)在規(guī)劃建設(shè)的過(guò)程中，會(huì)遇到一系列的問(wèn)題，如：物流園區(qū)缺乏統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃，影響區(qū)域布局；物流園區(qū)的投資貪大求全，規(guī)模和數(shù)量成為隱患；物流園區(qū)的規(guī)劃不充分、戰(zhàn)略定位不明確；物流園區(qū)的規(guī)劃不充分、戰(zhàn)略定位不明確；投資者借物流園區(qū)之名圈占土地現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重等，我們必須要正視這些問(wèn)題，并積極地尋找解決之方法。1

17、.5.1 物流園區(qū)缺乏統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃，影響區(qū)域布局目前，在政府規(guī)劃推動(dòng)建設(shè)的物流園區(qū)中，地市、區(qū)縣級(jí)政府審批建設(shè)的園區(qū)數(shù)量所占比例較高，而省級(jí)以下政府在區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的全局方面關(guān)注相對(duì)弱一些，容易偏重地方發(fā)展，很有可能會(huì)造成同一區(qū)域范圍內(nèi)有多個(gè)戰(zhàn)略定位相似的園區(qū)存在，同時(shí)各地政府也會(huì)出臺(tái)不同的優(yōu)惠政策吸引建設(shè)投資，可能導(dǎo)致過(guò)度競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。從全國(guó)供應(yīng)鏈物流的宏觀(guān)角度看，區(qū)域物流園區(qū)之間缺乏聯(lián)系，難以較好地適應(yīng)國(guó)家整體物流布局的需要和滿(mǎn)足企業(yè)供應(yīng)鏈運(yùn)作的需求，造成資源浪費(fèi)、銜接不暢、配置不平衡。1.5.2 物流園區(qū)的投資貪大求全，規(guī)模和數(shù)量成為隱患物流園區(qū)的建設(shè)很大程度上是地方行政主導(dǎo)的產(chǎn)物，某些項(xiàng)目變成一些官

18、員的面子工程、政績(jī)工程，盲目追求大規(guī)模、大投資、高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、多數(shù)量，使物流園區(qū)建設(shè)與本地經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平脫節(jié)，造成許多物流園區(qū)大面積荒蕪。一些新物流園區(qū)動(dòng)輒投資上億甚至幾十億元，這些大投資對(duì)規(guī)模較小的物流企業(yè)，消化起來(lái)難度相當(dāng)大，最后導(dǎo)致物流設(shè)施的經(jīng)營(yíng)效益不理想。當(dāng)然，物流園區(qū)建設(shè)的數(shù)量也并非越多越好，可以集中處理的最好不要分散處理。1.5.3 物流園區(qū)的規(guī)劃不充分、戰(zhàn)略定位不明確規(guī)劃不充分和戰(zhàn)略定位不明確兩項(xiàng)因素是很多物流園區(qū)規(guī)劃建設(shè)和發(fā)展過(guò)程中遇到的最大阻力。部分物流園區(qū)項(xiàng)目規(guī)劃時(shí)過(guò)于形式，園區(qū)的建設(shè)地點(diǎn)和功能定位等重大內(nèi)容僅憑幾個(gè)宏觀(guān)的貨運(yùn)總量、年貨運(yùn)周轉(zhuǎn)量、幾條道路或道路規(guī)劃、甚至幾個(gè)人的主觀(guān)

19、判斷而確定，對(duì)于市場(chǎng)需求和客戶(hù)分析缺乏研究和考慮，忽視了區(qū)域制造業(yè)、分銷(xiāo)業(yè)及消費(fèi)人群的布局等實(shí)際情況，形成城市配送半徑過(guò)大、交通道路擁堵、干線(xiàn)運(yùn)輸不暢等多種硬傷，難以得到客戶(hù)、企業(yè)和市場(chǎng)的認(rèn)同。1.5.4 投資者借物流園區(qū)之名圈占土地現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重雖然物流園區(qū)目前大多不在城市中心，但一般處于交通順暢、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)的地段，在城市擴(kuò)張的過(guò)程中，升值潛力顯著；其次，物流園區(qū)往往要承擔(dān)部分社會(huì)職能，地方政府會(huì)出臺(tái)很多優(yōu)惠政策，地價(jià)相對(duì)較低；另外，國(guó)家對(duì)經(jīng)營(yíng)性用地的控制越來(lái)越緊，而物流業(yè)是新興的產(chǎn)業(yè)，又是地方政府力推的項(xiàng)目，物流項(xiàng)目的用地審批相對(duì)容易。在這些有利的環(huán)境下，許多房地產(chǎn)商有機(jī)可乘，通過(guò)以物流用地性質(zhì)獲

20、取低價(jià)用地后，大搞房地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)；有的企業(yè)低價(jià)囤地，高價(jià)賣(mài)出。1.6 從宏觀(guān)層面，對(duì)政府部門(mén)提出的建議以物流園區(qū)規(guī)劃和運(yùn)營(yíng)的實(shí)際情況為前提，基于宏觀(guān)層面，對(duì)政府部門(mén)提出相關(guān)的建議。愿其對(duì)物流園區(qū)規(guī)劃、建設(shè)以及運(yùn)營(yíng)有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。1.6.1 積極發(fā)揮政府宏觀(guān)調(diào)控作用，提供政策保障物流業(yè)調(diào)整和振興規(guī)劃已經(jīng)出臺(tái)，在優(yōu)化全國(guó)物流業(yè)的區(qū)域布局方面，提出了“重點(diǎn)發(fā)展九大物流區(qū)域，建設(shè)十大物流通道和一批物流節(jié)點(diǎn)城市”。物流園區(qū)的規(guī)劃建設(shè)要服從于全國(guó)規(guī)劃，避免區(qū)域內(nèi)同質(zhì)化競(jìng)爭(zhēng)， 打破行政區(qū)劃的界限，積極推進(jìn)和加深不同地區(qū)之間物流領(lǐng)域的合作，引導(dǎo)物流資源的跨區(qū)域整合，逐步形成區(qū)域一體化的物流服務(wù)格局。政府部門(mén)應(yīng)該

21、在全面考慮干線(xiàn)、主樞紐規(guī)劃的基礎(chǔ)上，綜合分析考慮園區(qū)，包括交通、市場(chǎng)、需求、環(huán)境、政策、規(guī)模、園區(qū)的整體定位等綜合因素，規(guī)劃物流園區(qū)的空間布局、用地規(guī)模與未來(lái)發(fā)展等，以保證城市布局的合理性。1.6.2 加強(qiáng)科學(xué)管理，創(chuàng)造規(guī)范的物流市場(chǎng)環(huán)境物流園區(qū)的健康發(fā)展有賴(lài)于規(guī)范的物流市場(chǎng)環(huán)境。因此，建議政府有關(guān)部門(mén)加強(qiáng)對(duì)物流市場(chǎng)的管理，進(jìn)一步規(guī)范物流市場(chǎng)經(jīng)營(yíng)秩序。在物流園區(qū)規(guī)劃、審批和項(xiàng)目用地上加強(qiáng)管理，對(duì)于占用土地而又遲遲不開(kāi)工的項(xiàng)目，采取有針對(duì)性的措施進(jìn)行處理。對(duì)不具備建設(shè)條件的地區(qū)要嚴(yán)格控制物流園區(qū)項(xiàng)目。其次，政府也應(yīng)該對(duì)園區(qū)的建設(shè)和經(jīng)營(yíng)情況進(jìn)行定期的評(píng)估，衡量其經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益，對(duì)于經(jīng)營(yíng)不良甚或

22、經(jīng)營(yíng)方向發(fā)生變更的，要根據(jù)情況另行招商經(jīng)營(yíng)或收回土地以作他用。1.6.3 制定相關(guān)政策，但要防止負(fù)面效應(yīng)建設(shè)物流園區(qū)離不開(kāi)政府政策上的支持，政府給予的優(yōu)惠政策可以大大減少物流園區(qū)的成本支出，也可以促進(jìn)入駐物流園區(qū)的企業(yè)的發(fā)展。政府有必要建立適應(yīng)物流園區(qū)發(fā)展的土地使用、管理制度；針對(duì)不同類(lèi)型物流園區(qū)的實(shí)際經(jīng)營(yíng)狀況執(zhí)行相應(yīng)的稅收政策；改善投融資環(huán)境。但是政府的優(yōu)惠政策不能過(guò)度傾斜，以免造成物流園區(qū)的建設(shè)過(guò)熱,從而導(dǎo)致空置率高,大批土地被閑置,造成土地資源的浪費(fèi),甚至導(dǎo)致一些企業(yè)囤積土地,轉(zhuǎn)而投向房地產(chǎn)。1.7 從園區(qū)的建設(shè)和運(yùn)營(yíng)層面，對(duì)地方政府和企業(yè)提出建議結(jié)合物流園區(qū)的建設(shè)和運(yùn)營(yíng)的實(shí)際情況，對(duì)地

23、方政府和企業(yè)提出相關(guān)的建議，愿其對(duì)物流園區(qū)的規(guī)劃和建設(shè)具有一定的指導(dǎo)作用。1.7.1 物流園區(qū)規(guī)劃建設(shè)前要有充分的準(zhǔn)備工作對(duì)地方物流現(xiàn)狀和未來(lái)發(fā)展進(jìn)行定量、定性分析和預(yù)測(cè)；做好功能定位，根據(jù)市場(chǎng)需求，通過(guò)分析現(xiàn)有條件確定其主要服務(wù)對(duì)象和提供何種物流服務(wù)功能要素，從一定程度上，功能定位直接關(guān)系到物流園區(qū)的發(fā)展前景，決定其生死存亡。以上是物流園區(qū)選址和確定用地規(guī)模的重要依據(jù)。從我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)看，物流園區(qū)投資的主體不是國(guó)家而是企業(yè)，企業(yè)是追求投資回報(bào)的，論證物流園區(qū)的建設(shè)和運(yùn)營(yíng)是否有贏(yíng)利，無(wú)贏(yíng)利的物流園區(qū)無(wú)法長(zhǎng)期存續(xù)。1.7.2 加強(qiáng)物流園區(qū)投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理，規(guī)避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)物流園區(qū)的投資具有建設(shè)周期長(zhǎng)

24、、資金投入大、涉及的利益方多等特點(diǎn)，根據(jù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)產(chǎn)生的來(lái)源，物流園區(qū)投資的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素主要有以下幾大類(lèi)：自然與社會(huì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、技術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和管理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，這就要求投資者在項(xiàng)目立項(xiàng)期必須對(duì)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格縝密風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析，建立園區(qū)建設(shè)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范機(jī)制，以保證項(xiàng)目投資的成功。 1.7.3 物流園區(qū)要進(jìn)行彈性規(guī)劃，設(shè)施規(guī)劃要經(jīng)濟(jì)合理物流園區(qū)的規(guī)模和服務(wù)對(duì)象，既要考慮當(dāng)前需要，又要兼顧長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展，采取彈性規(guī)劃，即規(guī)劃控制要有彈性、伸縮性，有一定的回旋余地，是不斷深化的規(guī)劃；物流園區(qū)建設(shè)因地制宜，不可一味追求最先進(jìn)的物流設(shè)備，應(yīng)盡量利用和整合現(xiàn)有資源已有各類(lèi)用地及設(shè)施，減少不必要的投資。1.7.4 根據(jù)本地實(shí)際建立物

25、流園區(qū)準(zhǔn)入制科學(xué)合理的準(zhǔn)入制度是保證園區(qū)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展和有效運(yùn)行的必要條件。物流園區(qū)運(yùn)營(yíng)主體應(yīng)建立入園企業(yè)準(zhǔn)入制度，通過(guò)規(guī)定入駐園區(qū)企業(yè)的類(lèi)型、數(shù)量、資質(zhì)等來(lái)完善園區(qū)內(nèi)部企業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),在促使入駐企業(yè)具備一定經(jīng)營(yíng)實(shí)力的同時(shí),保證園區(qū)內(nèi)企業(yè)類(lèi)型多樣化,促進(jìn)企業(yè)間互補(bǔ)優(yōu)勢(shì)的發(fā)揮,減少或最大限度地避免園區(qū)內(nèi)由于不良結(jié)構(gòu)造成的惡性競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。1.7.5 提高服務(wù)意識(shí)，加強(qiáng)園區(qū)的經(jīng)營(yíng)管理 物流園區(qū)應(yīng)避免僅限于庫(kù)房貨場(chǎng)出租和物流設(shè)備租賃，在重視基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的同時(shí)重視服務(wù)系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)，通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)營(yíng)和服務(wù)模式，對(duì)園區(qū)客戶(hù)資源進(jìn)行整合開(kāi)發(fā)，拓展新業(yè)務(wù)，建立服務(wù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，提高物流綜合服務(wù)水平，滿(mǎn)足客戶(hù)差異化的需求，對(duì)入駐園區(qū)企業(yè)的運(yùn)作提

26、供各種支持性配套服務(wù)，如果需要，能為高端客戶(hù)提供高附加值的物流服務(wù)。1.7.6 園區(qū)物流企業(yè)發(fā)展的優(yōu)勢(shì)資源整合從整個(gè)物流園區(qū)物流發(fā)展的角度，我們可以借鑒美國(guó)建立戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴關(guān)系，實(shí)現(xiàn)園區(qū)內(nèi)企業(yè)強(qiáng)強(qiáng)聯(lián)合和優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ)的模式，使園區(qū)內(nèi)物流業(yè)務(wù)在時(shí)間、空間上達(dá)到最佳狀態(tài)，從而形成了“快速、優(yōu)質(zhì)、高效”的物流配送體系。園區(qū)間亦可進(jìn)行分工協(xié)作，發(fā)揮行業(yè)和地區(qū)的物流特長(zhǎng)，形成物流園區(qū)間的優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ)和資源整合。1.8 結(jié)語(yǔ)總之，物流園區(qū)經(jīng)過(guò)十幾年的發(fā)展，已初具規(guī)模。但是在園區(qū)的規(guī)劃建設(shè)方面仍存在諸多問(wèn)題，出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題需要深入研究，并及時(shí)制定方案，將其解決。在解決問(wèn)題并有效地推進(jìn)物流園區(qū)健康發(fā)展的過(guò)程中，需要政府和企

27、業(yè)共同做出努力。81 a connotation of logistics parklogistics park is the development of modern logistics industry in china appears in the new format, according to china federation of logistics and purchasing, china society of logistics survey in 2010, chinas logistics park (base) has grown to 525, of which 1

28、34 have been put into operation. national standard terms of logistics (gb/t18354-2006) in the logistics park is defined as: logistics park is to realize the operation of logistics facilities and logistics intensive socialization, or for the rationalization of urban logistics distribution space in ci

29、ties around the purpose of and other areas, focuses on building the logistics infrastructure group, with many logistics industry in the physical staging area. 1.1 the practical significance of developing the logistics park朗讀顯示對(duì)應(yīng)的拉丁字符的拼音needless to say, the construction of logistics parks to economic

30、 development, urban transportation and distribution channels and other aspects of the construction of important practical significance.l logistics park on the role of economic development, first manifested in the large-scale infrastructure projects will stimulate investment and implementation of reg

31、ional economic growth, land-use urban centers, the value of value-added logistics park at the same time a relatively complete logistics infrastructure, logistics services function is more complete, can effectively support the development of industrial economy, to ensure that the logistics necessary

32、for economic development and level of operational efficiency.l the construction of logistics parks, from the overall interests of the city to solve the problems of urban dysfunction, easing the citys traffic congestion, reduce the pressure on the environment. in the suburbs or the urban fringe near

33、the main roads be dedicated to land, has greatly improved the urban traffic environment. l logistics park features, reflected in the logistics of the core substance suo han han logistics services organization and logistics management level, with the center of the traditional transport of goods, comp

34、ared with the characteristics of high efficiency, thus greatly promoted the construction of logistics parks of the city construction of distribution channels. 1.2 foreign logistics park development model of successexplore the success of the logistics park development abroad, thinking that chinas log

35、istics park development for reference. logistics park in the actual situation in our country under the premise of an active foreign logistics park development to retain the merits, and cited that use.1.2.1 japans development model logistics park (logistics park) first appeared in the 60s in the 20th

36、 century, tokyo, japan, known as the logistics bases or logistics corner (distribution park). although the initial construction of logistics parks in order to alleviate the urban traffic pressure, but the basic approach achieved good results but we can learn from. emphasis on park planning and suppo

37、rting the development of municipal planning, with the edge of the citys suburbs, outside the inner ring or near the main roads between cities, planning out the specific facilities conducive to the construction of the next block as a logistics park. preferential land use and government investment pol

38、icies. japanese government-led land within the planned park, sub-plots to sell to different types of habitat, the logistics industry associations, these associations then in the form of stock in the recruitment of members in its internal funds for the purchase of land and construction of logistics f

39、acilities, government also provide long-term low-interest loans. good municipal facilities and investment environment. government on the planning of the logistics park, active speed up traffic, supporting the construction of municipal facilities, and logistics companies in the promotion of developme

40、nt, to promote the logistics park land and real estate appreciation, returns to investors.therefore, the japanese government in japan, the development of logistics park full play the role of government regulation, making the logistics system across the country have a good macro-planning, by economic

41、 development, to determine the number and distribution logistics garden and has been rapid development. 1.2.2 germanys development model in germany, government planning and construction of logistics parks are layers of depth. overall planning and the federal government, state and municipal governmen

42、t support for construction, operation and management of the company, settled after the companies operate independently. the basic approach is: the federal government overall planning. the federal government fully considered lines of communication, transportation hub on the basis of planning, through

43、 the economic distribution, logistics status of investigations across the country on the logistics park layout, scale and land use planning for the future development of rational; state government, the municipal government to support construction. in order to guide the states according to a unified

44、logistics park planning and construction, transportation departments of the german line with the planning of the logistics park to give subsidies or loan guarantees; enterprise management. responsible for the management of enterprise logistics park jointly commissioned by the investor is responsible

45、 for the park to buy raw land, infrastructure and supporting facilities and park property after the completion of the sale, leasing, property management and information services; into the park enterprises to operate independently. thus, the german construction and development of logistics parks bene

46、fited from the federal government, state governments, enterprises, industry associations, and many other efforts. 1.2.3 the development model of logistics park logistics development in the united states is the first country in the construction of logistics parks have also accumulated a wealth of exp

47、erience. governments preferential policies. to support the development and construction of logistics parks, government has provided preferential policies to attract investment and logistics business presence. in texas, san antonio, for example, to make it as soon as possible as the nafta trade corri

48、dor, the municipal government of the former 10-year exemption from property taxes, sales tax refund on goods in transit shall be exempted from enterprise property tax and a series of tax incentives; the use of mergers and acquisitions and strategic partnerships combined resources of the world combin

49、ed optimization of logistics nodes, so that all the logistics business in time and space to achieve the best operation, forming a fast, high quality, efficient the logistics and distribution system. 1.3 logistics parks in china and status of existing development patternlate start of the logistics, t

50、he logistics park development and construction of the rise is a few years ago. chinas logistics park development model has the following four: zone mode, the main guiding model, model developers and integrated mode of operation. however, construction and development of logistics park position, the d

51、evelopment of logistics parks lack of a unified planning and management, logistics parks departments around the building inevitably hasty planning and construction of the tendency of the blind; around the logistics development is extremely uneven; logistics unreasonable layout of the park space; com

52、prehensive large-scale logistics park construction is still in its infancy, and there is a big gap between the developed countries. therefore, china must actively explore current conditions and logistics for the level of development of logistics park development model, and learn from successful expe

53、riences in other countries provide us with helpful suggestions.1.4 lines of logistics park planning techniquesgovernment to develop modern logistics industry, the logistics park planning should be adopted a position, three-platform technology roadmap. a positioning that focused on the logistics park

54、 features, including basic functions, value-added services, supporting services, to target. three platform planning: regional planning logistics infrastructure platform, including infrastructure class, equipment class and standard class three areas of overall planning; regional logistics information

55、 platform, is to solve all kinds of logistics information systems for information sharing, system integration and various types of information interoperability issues between channels; logistics policy platform is the will of the government and logistics planning, the development is conducive to the

56、 development of modern logistics policies and regulations. 1.5 chinas logistics park planning and problems of constructionchinas logistics park in the planning and construction process, will encounter a series of problems, such as: lack of unified planning logistics park, affecting regional distribu

57、tion; investment tandaqiuquan logistics park, the size and number of a hazard; logistics park planning is not sufficient strategic positioning is not clear; inadequate logistics park planning, strategic positioning is not clear; investors by the name of the logistics park and occupy the land is seri

58、ous, and we have to face these issues and actively seeking a solution method.朗讀顯示對(duì)應(yīng)的拉丁字符的拼音字典1.1. 四1.5.1 lack of unified planning logistics park, affecting regional distributionat present, the government plans to promote the construction of logistics parks in cities, district level government approval number of the constructi