英美概況謝福之課后簡答題及部分重點答案

1、英美概況謝福之課后簡答題及答案Chapter 1 geography people and Ian guage1. what is the full name of the U.K?A: the full n ame is the un ited kin gdom of great Brita in and n orther n Irela nd.2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotla nd?A: because they like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish seen

2、ery, to drink the scotch whisky and to see the Scotsme n weari ng kilts and play ing bagpipes.3. How many periods can the developme nt of the En glish Ian guage be divided into and what are they?A:the development of English Ianguage be divided into three period :old English , middle En glish ,moder

3、n En glish .4. Why did En glish become more importa nt after the Black Death?A: the laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social important after the Black Death. So En glish also grew in importa nee compared to French .Chapter 2 History1. What are the two comp onents of the British parl

4、iame nt?A: they are the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2. What were some of Queen Victoria major achievements?A:the Queen Victoria major achievements in almost every aspect : she promoted further in dustrial revoluti on, the buildi ng of railways and the grow ing of trade and commerce. By t

5、he end of her reign , British had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world slandmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in world war I?A: The cen tral powers which in cluded Germa ny ,Austria-H un gary , the ottoma n empire and Bulgaria

6、and allied powers which were mainly comprised of France , the Russian empire ,and British empire , Italy and the un ited states.5. Why did Brita in cooperate closely with the un ited states after world war II?A: because they were allied duri ng the war and share the same worries about the former sov

7、iet union.Chapter 3 gover nment and the com mon wealth1. What the three functions of the house of com mons?A: the three fun ctio ns are : to draft laws, to scruti ni ze, criticize and restrain the activities of the gover nment policy.2. Why is the Con servative party sometimes called the Right ”A: b

8、ecause the con servative party is supported by Ian dow ners and bus in essme n, who are ofte n from the middle and upper-middle class.3. What ki nd of public image dose liberal democrats have in Brita in?A:the liberal democrats is perceived as middle ” between the conservation and the labor party .

9、it is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its bala nee of the in dividual and the social . it emphasizes the need for a change in Britain constitutional arrangements to make the gover nment more democratic and acco un table.4. Why are in depe ndent can didates un likely to win in the gen eral el

10、ectio n ?A; Because eve n if they were elected, they would be powerless in parliame nt. Therefore , it is not possible for many people to vote for in depe ndent can didates.Chapter 4 economy1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher reform in the early 1980s?A: its n egative aspect was a rapid in c

11、rease in un employme nt . in 1982,the un employme nt rate reached the level of the great depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain agriculture?A:britain agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agriculture a

12、ctivities with a high degree of mecha ni zati on. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country labor force , it meets around 60% of the n ati onal dema nds.3. What happe ned to Britai n beef in dustry in the mid-1990s?A: Britain beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports

13、in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attract ions in Brita in?The popular tourist attracti ons in En gla nd in clude : The Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Ston ehe nge , Win dsor Castle, Uni versity tow ns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London ,St.Paul cathedral and

14、 so on .Chapter 5 educati on ,media and holidays1. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocati onal schools in Brita in?The major fun cti ons of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable stude nts and prepare them for uni versity , whereas the major functions

15、of vocati onal schools were to help less successful stude nts to lear n a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Brita in comprehe nsive schools provide?Britai n comprehe nsive schools provide a gen eral educati on, offeri ng both academic subjects like literature and scie nee, and practical subjects lik

16、e cook ing and carpe ntry.3. In what ways do British uni versities enjoy complete academic freedom?British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which stude nts to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. How do the stude

17、 nts in the ope n uni versity receive their educati on?The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, corresp ondence ,video, and a n etwork of study cen ters.5. What role dose the media play in British leisure culture?The media play an esse ntial role in British

18、leisure culture since it helps to shape the public opinion, determine people moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule or a gover nment.Chapter 6 literature1. What are the three categories of Shakespeare play and their representatives?ShakespearWs plays fall into three ca

19、tegories: comedy, tragedy and historical play. The representatives of his comedies include A Midsummer Night Dream, The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It and Twelfth Night. His major historical plays in clude Richard 川， Henry IV and Cleopatra . His great tragedies are represented by Hamlet, Othello

20、, King Lear , Macbeth and Romeo and Juliet.2. What is critical Realism?critical Realism is a literary school which flourished in the 40s and early 50s of the 19th century .the critical realists described the chief traits of the society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint

21、 . the greatest English critical realist wasCharles Dicke ns .3. What are the two new literary trends prevailing at the end of19th century?The new literary trends that prevailed at the end of 19th century are neo-romanticism and aestheticism. Those who belong to neo-romanticism laid emphasis on the

22、invention of excit ing adve ntures and fasci nat ing stories, and those of aestheticism believed in art for art sake”.4. What is stream of consciousness?stream of con scious ness is the writi ng tech nique which puts the unorgani zed flow of thought on page . writers who adopt this tech nique give p

23、recede nee to the depict ion of the characters men tal and emoti onal react ions to exter nal even ts, rather tha n the eve nts themselves.Chapter 7 society and cultureUSAChapter 8 geography and people1. How is the America n populati on distributed?The distribution of the American population is rath

24、er uneven . the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population . the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolita n cen ters like losAn geles and san Fr

25、an cisco . it hasabout 20% of the nation population.2. How is the life of the n ative America ns today ?About one third of all n ative America ns now live on reservati ons and the others live in cities. Poverty and un employme nt are the major problems for them , especially on the reservati ons .3.

26、Why was the immigrati on act of 1942 in stituted ?The new immigra nts in the un ited states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willi ng to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigra nts would lower wage levels and take jobs away from them . this opposition le

27、d to the immigration act of 1942.Chapter 9 history1. Why did America n cha nge its policy and en ter world war II?Because of the formatio n of the axis , the America n gover nment feared that the axis coun tries were wining the war and it might threaten America s security and interests . it began to

28、 provide war equipme nt to the foreig n n ati ons resist ing the aggressi on of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America estranee into the war.2. What were Nixon well-known contributions during his presidency?a)brought the Vietnam war to a close ;b)r

29、eestablishing U.S. relations with china ;c) n egotiati ng the first strategic arms limitatio n treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan s economic program?Reagans econo mic program called for reducti ons in in come taxes and bus in ess taxes in order to encourage inve

30、stment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal governments role in the day-to-day operation of bus in ess.Chapter 10 gover nment1. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. con stitutio n?One is checks and balances”，the other is that the

31、power of the central government and thepowers of state gover nments are specified.2. What are the qualificatio ns for a sen ator and a represe ntative respectively?A sen ator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citize n for at least nine years, and a reside nt in the state which they represent . a re

32、presentative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. citize n for no less tha n seve n years.3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?a)to in terpret laws ;b)to hear appeals from any federal court cases; c)to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national l

33、aws ; d)may declare a law uncon stituti onal ; e) may declare a preside ntial act uncon stituti on al.4. What is the differenee between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the gover nment to play an importa nt role in the economy and emphasize full emp

34、loyme nt as a matter of n ati onal concern . they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives en terprises a greater freedom and dema nd that the gover nment control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free c

35、hoice of aborti on . they also favor a strong military posture and assertive sta nd in intern ati onal relati ons.5. What is the content of preside nt Wils on ourtee n poin ts?preside nt Wils on ourtee n points in clude: aba ndonment of secret intern ati onal agreeme nts; freedom of the sea; free tr

36、ade betwee n n ati ons ; reduct ion of armame nts ; adjustme nt of colonial claims in the in terests of the in habita nts affected; self-rule for subjugated Europea n n ati on alities ; and the establishme nt of an associati on of n ati ons which guara ntees the political in depe ndence and territor

37、ial in tegrity of all n ati ons.Chapter 11 economy1. What in dustry developme nts took place duri ng the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the sec on dary in dustries developed as the colonies grew . a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists establishe

38、d shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regi onal patter ns of developme nt in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the America n economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became

39、 much less profitable . northern in dustries , which had expa nded rapidly because of the dema nds of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advanee its own economic interests,

40、 but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relati on ship with other n ati ons.Chapter 12 educati on , media and holidays1. How does an America n un iversity choose its applica nts?a)their high school records; b) recomme ndati ons from their high school teachers; c) the impressi on they m

41、ake duri ng in terviews at the uni versity ; d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do America n higher educati on in stituti ons perform?Higher educati on in stituti ons in the un ited states have three functions: teach ing , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with re

42、gard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous uni versity share?They all have a long history , they all have an excelle nt faculty , a large nu mber of stude nts and have made exte nsive academic achieveme nts. Some of their graduates are very successful or in flue ntial in some areas su

43、ch as politics, arts and bus in ess.4. What are the origi ns of tha nksgivi ng day?Than ksgiv ing is associated with the time when Europea ns first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beg inning was very hard and there was not eno ugh foo

44、d , so many of them died. During the follow ing summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebrati on to tha nk god and the n ative America ns.Chapter 13 literature1. What is the esse nee of America n Purita ni sm?American Puritanism stress pred

45、estination , original sin, total depravity, and limited atonement or the salvation of a selected few who would receive God grace.2. What themes are reflected in Theodore Dreiser works?Theodore Dreiser novels deal with everyday life, often its sordid side. Dreiser found that livi ng in such a materia

46、listic society, the huma n in dividual is obsessed with an en dless and meaningless search for satisfaction of their desires . he embraced social Darwinism and advocated the idea of the survival of the fittest ”.3. What is the lost Ge nerati on?The lost Gen erati on refer to the young America n writ

47、ers caught up in the world war I and cut off values yet un able to come to terms with the new era whe n civilizati on has gone mad . they produced works of disillusi onment. Two of the most represe ntative writers of the lost gen erati on are Ern est Hemin gway and F.Scott Fitzgerald.4. What is the

48、Beat Moveme nt?The Beat Movement began in the middle of the 1950s. the word beat” suggests a non-con formist , rebellious attitude toward conven ti onal values concerning sex. Religio n and the America way of life , an attitude which results from the feeling of depression and exhaustion and the need

49、 to escape into an unconventional, communal mode of life. The represe ntatives are Alle n Gin sberg, William Burroughs and Jack Kerouac.CanadaChapter 14 geography and history1.考試重點 英國：1 、 the rise and fall of the British empire.In 1583, the British empire built the first overseas colony to Newfoundl

50、and, marked the beginning of the British empire. By 1837, Britain had long been an empire which included the colonies in Can ada, Australia, New Zea land, In dia and many small states in the west in dies. By the end of 19 th century, the British empire include a quarter of the global population and

51、nearly a.thquarter of the world s Iandmass. During the mid-19 century, the British government consolidated the exist ing colonies by bringing them un der the direct con trol of the gover nment. Before world war I, Brita in had the largest colonial empire in the world. However , Brita in suffered gre

52、at loss to its man power in the two world wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas in vestme nt. Most of the Brita in s colonies gained in depe ndence since the 1940s, which in evitably led to the fall of the Empire.2. The major reasons of the Britain relative economic decline:B

53、ritains economic experieneed a relative decline in the postwar period for several reas on s:（1）Brita in suffered great losses in the two world wars and had gone heavily into debts to finance the war.（2）the era of the British Empire was over. I ndia and other British coloni es, which provided raw mat

54、erial and large market for British goods, gained their independence.（3）Britain was forced to mai ntain an expe nsive military prese nee in many overseas locati ons un til the end of 1960s. （4）Britain had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN security Coun cil.（5）Brita in failed

55、to in vest in in dustry after world war II whereas its competitors like Germa ny and Japa n caught up with Brita in by in vest ing in the most moder n equipme nt and means of producti on.3. What are the three categories of Shakespeare play and their representatives?ShakespearWs plays fall into three

56、 categories: comedy, tragedy and historical play. The representatives of his comedies include A Midsummer Night Dream（仲夏夜之夢 ）,The Merchant of Venice（威尼斯商人）,As You Like It （皆大歡喜）and Twelfth Night（第十二夜）.His major historical plays include Richard 川（理查三世），Henry IV （亨利四世）and Cleopatra（埃及艷后）.His great tragedies are represented by Hamlet （哈姆雷特），Othello （奧賽羅），King Lear （李爾王）， Macbeth （麥克白）and Romeo and Juliet （羅密歐與朱麗葉）.4. The in dustrial Revolutio n took root in Brita ins reas on s:（1） the Brita in had a huge market（2）from the colonies in America and In dia, En gla nd acquired eno rmous wealth with