美國統(tǒng)一合伙法(英漢對照)

1、美國統(tǒng)一合伙法（英漢對照） Uniform Partnership Act Part PRELIMINARY PROVISION 統(tǒng)一合伙法第一章 初步條款 1. Name of ActThis act may be cited as Uniform Partnership Act. 第一條 法律名稱本法可被引證為統(tǒng)一合伙法。 2. Definition of TermsIn this act, Court includes every court and judge having jurisdiction in the case.Business includes every trade,

2、occupation, or profession. Person includes individuals, partnerships, corporations, and other associations. Bankrupt includes bankrupt under the Federal Bankruptcy Act or insolvent under any state insolvent act.Conveyance includes every assignment, lease, mortgage, or encumbrance.Real property inclu

3、des land and any interest or estate in land. 第二條 術(shù)語的定義在本法中，“法院”包括對一案件有管轄權(quán)的所有法院和法官?！吧虡I(yè)”包括各種貿(mào)易、職業(yè)或?qū)I(yè)。“人”包括個(gè)人、合伙、公司和其他組織。“破產(chǎn)”包括根據(jù)聯(lián)邦破產(chǎn)法的破產(chǎn)或根據(jù)任何州破產(chǎn)法的破產(chǎn)。“讓與”包括各種轉(zhuǎn)讓、租借、抵押或留置。“不動產(chǎn)”包括土地和任何與土地有關(guān)的利益或地上附著物。 3. Interpretation of Knowledge and NoticeA person has Knowledge of a fact within the meaning of this act

4、not only when he has actual knowledge thereof, but also when he has knowledge of such other facts as in the circumstances shows bad faith. A person has notice of a fact within the meaning of this act when the person who claims the benefit of the notice States the fact to such person, or Delivers thr

5、ough the mail, or by other means of communication, a written statement of the fact to such person or to a proper person at his place of business or residence. 第三條 對“知道”和“通知”的解釋本法中，一個(gè)人知道一個(gè)事實(shí)，不僅包括他實(shí)際了解該事實(shí)，而且包括在環(huán)境顯示為惡意的情況下，他了解相關(guān)事實(shí)。 在本法中，聲稱對一項(xiàng)通知有利益的人在下列情況下可被視為已通知了一項(xiàng)事實(shí)：（a）他對某人陳述了一事實(shí)（b）他在其營業(yè)地或居住地通過郵遞或者其他通

6、訊方式將一事實(shí)的書面陳述遞送給某人或某一特定的人。 4. Rules of Construction(1) The rule that statutes in derogation of the common law are to be strictly construed shall have no application to this act.(2) The law of estoppel shall apply under this act.The law of agency shall apply under this act. This act shall be so interp

7、reted and construed as to effect its general purpose to make uniform the law of those states which enact it. This act shall not be construed so as to impair the obligations of any contract existing when the act goes into effect, nor to affect any action or proceedings begun or right accrued before t

8、his act takes effect. 第四條 解釋規(guī)則（1） 對背離普通法的成文法必須予以嚴(yán)格解釋的規(guī)則不適用于本法。（2） 禁止反言的規(guī)則應(yīng)適用于本法。關(guān)于代理的規(guī)則適用于本法。 本法的解釋應(yīng)符合下一目的即統(tǒng)一采納本法的各州的法律。 對本法的解釋不能妨害任何在本法生效時(shí)已存在的合同的義務(wù)，也不能影響在本法生效前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或者正在進(jìn)行的訴訟或者程序。 5. Rules for Cases Not Provided for in this ActIn any case not provided for in this act the rules of law and equity, incl

9、uding the law merchant, shall govern. 第五條 適用于本法未做規(guī)定情形的規(guī)則法律的和衡平的規(guī)則包括商人法將適用于本法未做規(guī)定的情形。PART NATURE OF PARTNERSHIP 第二章 合伙的本質(zhì) 6. Partnership Defined (1) A partnership is an association of two or more persons to carry on as co-owners a business for profit. But any association formed under any other statut

10、e of this state, or any statute adopted by authority, other than the authority of this state, is not a partnership under this act, unless such association would have been a partnership in this state prior to the adoption of this act; but this act shall apply to limited partnerships except in so far

11、as the statues relating to such partnerships are inconsistent herewith. 第六條 合伙的定義合伙是指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人以營利為目的、而以共同所有人的身份經(jīng)營一項(xiàng)商業(yè)的社團(tuán)。 依據(jù)某州成文法或者依據(jù)某權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)而不是該州權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)所采用的法令而形成的社團(tuán)不是本法意義上的合伙，除非該社團(tuán)在該州采納本法之前已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)合伙；除與有限合伙法相矛盾外，本法適用于有限合伙。 7. Rule for Determining the Existence of a PartnershipIn determining whether a partn

12、ership exists, these rules shall apply:Except as provided by Section 16 persons who are not partners as to each other are not partners as to third persons. Joint tenancy, tenancy in common, tenancy by the entireties, joint property, common property, or part ownership does not of itself establish a p

13、artnership, whether such co-owners do or do not share any profits made by the use of the property. The sharing of gross returns does not of itself establish a partnership, whether or not the persons sharing them have a joint or common right or interest in any property from which the returns are deri

14、ved. The receipt by a person of a share of the profits of a business is prima facie evidence that he is a partner in the business, but no such inference shall be drawn if such profits were received in payment: As a debt by installments or otherwise, As wages of an employee or rent to a landlord, As

15、an annuity to a widow or representative of a deceased partner, As interest on a loan, though the amount of payment vary with the profits of the business. As the consideration for the sale of a goodwill of a business or other property by installments or otherwise. 第七條 認(rèn)定合伙存在的規(guī)則在認(rèn)定一合伙是否存在時(shí)，下列規(guī)則應(yīng)予以適用：（

16、1）除第十六條的規(guī)定外，彼此不是合伙人的人對第三人而言，不是合伙人。同租賃、普通租賃、完全租賃、共同財(cái)產(chǎn)、普通財(cái)產(chǎn)或者部分所有本身不構(gòu)成合伙，不論共有人是否分享使用該財(cái)產(chǎn)所產(chǎn)生的利益。 分享毛利本身不構(gòu)成合伙，不論分享該利潤的人對產(chǎn)生該利潤的財(cái)產(chǎn)是否享有共同或普通權(quán)利或利益。 某人因獲得某一商業(yè)利益的一份而開出的收條，構(gòu)成他作為該商業(yè)的一個(gè)合伙人的初步證據(jù)，但是如果該利益以下列報(bào)酬的形式獲得則不能得出上述推論：分期或其他方式的償還債務(wù)， 作為某一雇員的工資或支付給某一地主的租金， 支付給某一已故合伙人的遺孀或代表的養(yǎng)老金， 作為某一貸款的利息，即使其金額隨該商業(yè)的盈利情況的變化而變化， 因善意

17、出售該商業(yè)或其他財(cái)產(chǎn)所得的以分期付款或其他方式表現(xiàn)的對價(jià)。 8. Partnership PropertyAll property originally brought into the partnership stock or subsequently acquired by purchase or otherwise, on account of the partnership, is partnership property. Unless the contrary intention appears, property acquired with partnership funds i

18、s partnership property. Any estate in real property may be acquired in the partnership name. Title so acquired can be conveyed only in the partnership name. A conveyance to a partnership in the partnership name, though without words of inheritance, passes the entire estate of the grantor unless a co

19、ntrary intent appears. 第八條 合伙財(cái)產(chǎn)（1）所有基于合伙形成的財(cái)產(chǎn)，不論是最初被帶入合伙股份的財(cái)產(chǎn)還是后來通過購買或其他方式獲得的財(cái)產(chǎn)，均屬于合伙財(cái)產(chǎn)。除非有相反的意思表示，通過合伙基金獲得的財(cái)產(chǎn)是合伙財(cái)產(chǎn)。 任何不動產(chǎn)上的利益均可能以合伙的名義獲得。以這種方式獲得的權(quán)利只能以合伙的名義進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)讓。除非有相反的意思表示，即使沒有遺產(chǎn)宣告，以合伙名義獲得的一項(xiàng)讓與擁有讓與人對該讓與財(cái)產(chǎn)享有的所有權(quán)益。PART RELATIONS OF PARTNERS TO PERSONS DEALING WITH THE PARTNERSHIP 第三章 合伙人與同合伙交易的人的關(guān)系9Pa

20、rtner Agent of Partnership as to Partnership Business Every partner is an agent of the partnership for the purpose of its business, and the act of every partner, including the execution in the partnership name of any instrument, for apparently carrying on in the usual way the business of the partner

21、ship of partner so acting has in fact no authority to act for which he is a member binds the partnership, unless the partner so acting has in fact no authority to act for the partnership in the particular matter, and the person with whom he is dealing has knowledge of the fact that he has no such au

22、thority. An act of a partner which is not apparently for the carrying on of the business of the partnership in the usual way does not bind the partnership unless authorized by the other partners. Unless authorized by the other partners or unless they have abandoned the business, one or more but less

23、 than all the partners have no authority to: Assign the partnership property in trust for creditors or on the assignees promise to pay the debts of the partnership, Dispose of the goodwill of the business, Do any other act which would make it impossible to carry on the ordinary business of a partner

24、ship, Confess a judgment, Submit a partnership claim or liability to arbitration or reference.No act of a partner in contravention of a restriction on authority shall bind the partnership to persons having knowledge of the restriction. 第九條 合伙人對合伙事務(wù)的代理為了合伙的利益，每一個(gè)合伙人都是合伙的代理人。各合伙人的行為，包括以合伙的名義執(zhí)行的任何文件，明顯

25、地以通常方式執(zhí)行合伙業(yè)務(wù)的行為均約束合伙，除非在特定事務(wù)中該合伙人實(shí)際上無權(quán)執(zhí)行合伙業(yè)務(wù)并且與其進(jìn)行交易的人已經(jīng)知道該合伙人無權(quán)在特定事務(wù)上執(zhí)行合伙業(yè)務(wù)。除非獲得其他合伙人的授權(quán)，一合伙人非以通常方式執(zhí)行合伙業(yè)務(wù)的行為并不約束合伙。 除非獲得其他合伙人的授權(quán)或者其他合伙人已經(jīng)退伙，一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上但未達(dá)到合伙人總數(shù)的合伙人無權(quán)進(jìn)行下列行為： 為債權(quán)人利益分配合伙財(cái)產(chǎn)或者承諾償還合伙債務(wù)， 善意處理合伙財(cái)產(chǎn)， 可能使執(zhí)行合伙的普通事務(wù)成為不可能的任何其他行為， 為一項(xiàng)判決作證， 為仲裁或公證人裁定出具一份合伙聲明或承擔(dān)責(zé)任。（4）違背了權(quán)力限制的合伙人的行為不能使合伙受已經(jīng)知道該權(quán)力限制的人的行為

26、的約束。 10.Conveyance of Real Property of the PartnershipWhere title to real property is in the partnership name, any partner may convey title to such property by a conveyance executed in the partnership name; but the partnership may recover such property unless the partners act binds the partnership u

27、nder the provisions of paragraph (1) of section 9 or unless such property has been conveyed by the grantee or a person claiming through such grantee to a holder for value without knowledge that the partner, in making the conveyance, has exceeded his authority. Where title to real property is in the

28、name of the partnership, a conveyance executed by a partner, in his own name, passes the equitable interest of the partnership, provided the act is one within the authority of the partner under the provisions of paragraph (1) of section 9. Where title to real property is in the name of one or more b

29、ut not all the partners, and the record does not disclose the right of the partnership, the partners in whose name the title stands may convey title to such property, but the partnership may recover such property if the partners act does not bind the partnership under the provisions of paragraph (1)

30、 of section 9, unless the purchaser of his assignee, is a holder for value, without knowledge. Where the title to real property is in the name of one or more or all the partners, or in a third person in trust for the partnership, a conveyance executed by a partner in the partnership mane, or in hoe

31、own name, passes the equitable interest of the partnership, provided the act is one within the authority of the partner under the provisions of paragraph (1) of section 9. Where the title to real property is in the names of all the partners a conveyance executed by all the partners passes all their

32、rights in such property. 第十章 合伙不動產(chǎn)的讓與任何合伙人均可以合伙的名義轉(zhuǎn)讓一項(xiàng)不動產(chǎn)，只要該項(xiàng)不動產(chǎn)是以合伙名義所有；但是合伙也可以收回該不動產(chǎn)，除非根據(jù)第九條第一款，做出轉(zhuǎn)讓的合伙人的行為已約束了合伙或者該不動產(chǎn)已被受讓人轉(zhuǎn)讓，或者對轉(zhuǎn)讓主張權(quán)利的人不知道做出轉(zhuǎn)讓的合伙人超越了其執(zhí)行合伙業(yè)務(wù)的權(quán)限。 只要轉(zhuǎn)讓的不動產(chǎn)名義上歸合伙所有，并且該轉(zhuǎn)讓行為根據(jù)本法第九條第一款屬于該合伙人的權(quán)限范圍，則出于衡平的考慮，由一合伙人以其名義進(jìn)行的轉(zhuǎn)讓所獲的利益應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)歸合伙所有。 只要被轉(zhuǎn)讓的不動產(chǎn)名義上歸一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上但未達(dá)到全體的合伙人所有，而且記錄并未顯示合伙的權(quán)利，則以其

33、名義享有不動產(chǎn)的合伙人可以轉(zhuǎn)讓該不動產(chǎn)，但是如果根據(jù)本法第九條第一款的規(guī)定，做出轉(zhuǎn)讓的合伙人的轉(zhuǎn)讓行為不約束合伙，則合伙可以對已被轉(zhuǎn)讓的不動產(chǎn)恢復(fù)其權(quán)利，除非該不動產(chǎn)的購買人或受讓人是付出價(jià)金的善意占有人。 只要被轉(zhuǎn)讓的不動產(chǎn)歸一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上但未達(dá)到全體的合伙人所有，或者歸合伙指定的作為信托財(cái)產(chǎn)受托人的第三人所有，而且轉(zhuǎn)讓行為根據(jù)本法第九條第一款的規(guī)定屬于該合伙人的權(quán)限范圍，則由一合伙人以其自己或以合伙的名義做出的轉(zhuǎn)讓均享有合伙的利益。 只要全體合伙人以其名義享有被轉(zhuǎn)讓的不動產(chǎn)，則全體合伙人對該不動產(chǎn)所有的一切權(quán)利在轉(zhuǎn)讓中一并讓與。 11. Partnership Bound by Admis

34、sion of PartnerAn admission or representation made by any partner concerning partnership affairs within the scope of his authority as conferred by this act is evidence against the partnership. 第十一條 合伙人的陳述約束合伙依據(jù)本法，由一合伙人在其權(quán)限范圍內(nèi)做出的涉及合伙事務(wù)的一項(xiàng)陳述構(gòu)成約束合伙的證據(jù)。 12. Partnership Charged with Knowledge of or Notic

35、e to PartnerNotice to any partner of any matter relating to partnership affairs, and the knowledge of the partner acting in the particular matter, acquired while a partner or then present to his mind, and the knowledge of any other partner who reasonably could and should have communicated it to the

36、acting partner, operate as notice to or knowledge of the partnership, except in the case of a fraud on the partnership committed by or with the consent of that partner. 第十二條 對合伙知道或了解合伙人的指控對一合伙人關(guān)于合伙事務(wù)的任何事件的通知和執(zhí)行特定事務(wù)的合伙人的了解以及合理的能夠并且應(yīng)該與執(zhí)行合伙事務(wù)的合伙人進(jìn)行溝通的其他合伙人的了解，構(gòu)成合伙的通知或了解，除非合伙人親自進(jìn)行或在其同意下的行為構(gòu)成了對合伙的欺詐。 13.

37、 Partnership Bound by Partners Wrongful ActWhere, by any wrongful act or omission of any partner acting in the ordinary course of the business of the partnership or with the authority of his co-partners, loss or injury is caused to any person, not being a partner in the partnership, or any penalty i

38、s incurred, the partnership is liable therefor to the same extent as the partner so acting or omitting to act. 第十三條 合伙人的錯(cuò)誤行為約束合伙因?yàn)橐缓匣锶嗽趫?zhí)行合伙事務(wù)的通常過程中或與其共同合伙人的職權(quán)有關(guān)的錯(cuò)誤行為或不作為，而導(dǎo)致對非合伙人的其他人的損失或傷害或引起處罰，則合伙與做出上述錯(cuò)誤行為或不作為的合伙人承擔(dān)相同程度上的責(zé)任。 14. Partnership Bound by Partners Breach of TrustThe partnership is bound

39、to make good the loss:Where one partner acting within the scope of his apparent authority receives money or property of a third person and the misapplies it; and Where the partnership in the course of its business receives money or property of a third person and the money or property so received is

40、misapplied by any partner while it is in the custody of the partnership. 第十四條 合伙受合伙人違反信用的約束合伙必須賠償下列損失：（a）當(dāng)在其明示權(quán)限范圍內(nèi)行事的一合伙人接受了第三人的金錢或其他財(cái)產(chǎn)并對其濫用；以及（b）合伙在其存續(xù)期間接受了第三人的金錢或其他財(cái)產(chǎn)，而合伙人在上述被接收的金錢或其他財(cái)產(chǎn)處于合伙的保管之下時(shí)對其加以濫用。 15. Nature of Partners Liability All partners are liable Jointly and severally for everything

41、chargeable to the partnership under sections 13 and 14. Jointly for all other debts and obligations of the partnership; but any partner may enter into a separate obligation to perform a partnership contract. 第十五條 合伙人責(zé)任的實(shí)質(zhì)所有合伙人都必須對（a）根據(jù)本法第十三條和第十四條對合伙提起指控的任何事承擔(dān)連帶和個(gè)人責(zé)任；(b)合伙的所有債務(wù)和義務(wù)負(fù)連帶責(zé)任；但是一合伙人可能為履行一項(xiàng)合

42、伙合同而承擔(dān)個(gè)人責(zé)任。 16. Partner by Estoppel(1) When a person, by words spoken or written or by conduct, represents himself, or consents to another representing him to any one, as a partner in an existing partnership or with one or more persons nor actual partners, he is liable to any such person to whom suc

43、h representation has been made, who has, on the faith of such representation, given credit to the actual or apparent partnership, and if he has made such representation or consented to its being made in a public manner he is liable to such person, whether the representation has or has not been made

44、or communicated to such person so giving credit by or with the knowledge of the apparent partner making the representation or consenting to its being made.When a partnership liability results, he is liable as though he were an actual member of the partnership. When no partnership liability results,

45、he is liable jointly with the other persons, if any, so consenting to the contract or representation as to incur liability, otherwise separately.(2) When a person has been thus represented to be a partner in an existing partnership, or with one or more persons not actual partners, he is an agent of

46、the persons consenting to such representation to bind them to the same extent and in the same manner as though he were a partner in fact, with respect to persons who rely upon the representation. Where all the members of the existing partnership consent to the representation, a partnership act or ob

47、ligation results; but in all other cases it is the joint act or obligation of the person acting and the persons consenting to the representation. 第十六條 對合伙人的禁止反言一個(gè)人作為處于存續(xù)期間的一個(gè)合伙的合伙人之一，其單獨(dú)或者與不是真正合伙人的一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的其他人一起，通過他自己的口頭表達(dá)或書面語言或行為，或者同意他人對外代表自己來做出意思表示，則該人必須對善意相信其意思表示并已對現(xiàn)存或顯然合伙提供借貸的人承擔(dān)責(zé)任，而且如果他已經(jīng)公開地親自做出

48、意思表示或同意他人代表自己做出意思表示，則不論其是否已對基于做出或同意做出意思表示的顯然合伙人的同意才向合伙提供借貸的人做出過或傳達(dá)過意思表示，他都必須對向合伙提供借貸的人承擔(dān)責(zé)任。 如果上述情形導(dǎo)致合伙責(zé)任，則他必須承擔(dān)責(zé)任，就如同他是該合伙的真實(shí)成員。 如果上述情形沒有導(dǎo)致合伙責(zé)任，則他必須與同意導(dǎo)致合伙責(zé)任的合同或意思表示的其他人一起承擔(dān)連帶責(zé)任，如果有其他人的話，否則承擔(dān)單獨(dú)責(zé)任。如果一個(gè)人或與一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上非事實(shí)合伙人一起，已經(jīng)被陳述為一現(xiàn)存合伙的的合伙人，則對信賴該意思表示的人而言，他在同一程度上并以同一方式成為同意受該陳述約束的人的代理人，就如同他是事實(shí)上的合伙人一樣。如果一個(gè)現(xiàn)

49、存合伙的所有合伙人都同意該陳述，則一項(xiàng)合伙行為或合伙債務(wù)產(chǎn)生；但是在其他任何情況下，做出該陳述的人的或同意該陳述的人對該陳述負(fù)連帶責(zé)任。 17. Liability of Incoming PartnerA person admitted as a partner into an existing partnership is liable for all the obligations of the partnership arising before his admission as though he had been a partner when such obligations we

50、re incurred, except that this liability shall be satisfied only out of partnership property. 第十七條 新合伙人的責(zé)任一個(gè)被允許加入一個(gè)現(xiàn)有合伙的人對其入伙前合伙組織的債務(wù)承擔(dān)責(zé)任，如同他在該債務(wù)發(fā)生時(shí)就已經(jīng)是合伙人之一，除非僅憑合伙財(cái)產(chǎn)就能清償該債務(wù)。 PART RELATIONS OF PARTNERS TO ONE ANOTHER 合伙人之間的關(guān)系 18. Rules Determining Rights and Duties of PartnersThe rights and duties of

51、 the partners in relation to the partnership shall be determined, subject to any agreement between them, by the following rules:Each partner shall be repaid his contributions, whether by way of capital or advances to the partnership property and share equally in the profits and surplus remaining aft

52、er all liabilities, including those to partners, are satisfied; and must contribute toward the losses, whether of capital or otherwise, sustained by the partnership according to his share in the profits. The partnership must indemnify every partner in respect of payments made and personal liabilitie

53、s reasonably incurred by him in the ordinary and proper conduct of its business, or for the preservation of its business or property. A partner, who in aid of the partnership makes any payment or advance beyond the amount of capital which he agreed to contribute, shall be paid interest from the date

54、 of the payment or advance. A partner shall receive interest on the capital contributed by him only from the date when repayment should be made. All partners have equal rights in the management and conduct of the partnership business. No partner is entitled to remuneration for acting in the partners

55、hip business, except that a surviving partner is entitled to reasonable compensation for his services in winding up the partnership affairs. No person can become a member of a partnership without the consent of all the partners. Any difference arising as to ordinary matters connected with the partne

56、rship business may be decided by a majority of the partners; but no act in contravention of any agreement between the partners may be done rightfully without the consent of all the partners. 第十八條 決定合伙人之間的權(quán)利和義務(wù)關(guān)系的規(guī)則合伙人之間就合伙組織的權(quán)利和義務(wù)關(guān)系，根據(jù)他們之間的任何協(xié)定由下列規(guī)則決定：在合伙的所有債務(wù)包括對合伙人的債務(wù)獲得清償后，各合伙人對合伙做出的貢獻(xiàn)應(yīng)得到回報(bào)，平等地分享合伙

57、的利潤和盈余，不論該貢獻(xiàn)以合伙財(cái)產(chǎn)的資本金或預(yù)付款的形式做出；并且根據(jù)他在合伙利潤中獲得的份額來彌補(bǔ)合伙資本或其他方面的損失。 合伙必須就合伙人因其在執(zhí)行合伙事務(wù)時(shí)的普通和適當(dāng)行為或者為合伙事務(wù)或財(cái)產(chǎn)而做出的合理支付和個(gè)人債務(wù)而賠償各合伙人。 為了幫助合伙而做出的任何支付或預(yù)付款超過了他同意分?jǐn)偟馁Y金數(shù)額的合伙人，應(yīng)該自做出支付或預(yù)付款之日起得到利息。 各合伙人應(yīng)該僅自其應(yīng)支付款項(xiàng)之日起，就其支付的資金收取利息。 就合伙事務(wù)的管理和行為，所有合伙人享有同等的權(quán)利。 沒有合伙人能因其執(zhí)行合伙事務(wù)而得到報(bào)酬，但是為結(jié)束合伙事務(wù)而付出服務(wù)的合伙人應(yīng)就其服務(wù)而得到合理報(bào)酬。 未經(jīng)所有合伙人的同意則不能成為合伙的成員之一。 就與合伙事務(wù)有關(guān)的日常事件而引起