中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題代詞及習(xí)題(含答案)(共24頁(yè))

1、 代詞【考點(diǎn)直擊】1. 人稱代詞主格、賓格形式及其主要用法；2. 名詞性物主代詞與形容詞性物主代詞的形式、區(qū)別及其主要用法；3 反身代詞的形式、意義及其主要用法；4 常見(jiàn)不定代詞的一般用法；5. 指示代詞的一般用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法；6. 相互代詞的基本用法；7. 疑問(wèn)代詞的基本用法。8. 關(guān)系代詞的基本用法。【名師點(diǎn)睛】 代詞是代替名詞、形容詞和數(shù)詞的詞。按其意義、特征及其在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、不定代詞和關(guān)系代詞等。一. 人稱代詞1.人稱代詞的人稱、數(shù)和格，如下表所示。 2.人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格作主語(yǔ)，賓格作賓

2、語(yǔ)。如： I like table tennis. （作主語(yǔ)）Do you know him?（作賓語(yǔ)）3.人稱代詞還可作表語(yǔ)。作表語(yǔ)時(shí)用賓格。如：-Whos is knocking at the door?-Its me.4.人稱代詞在than之后與其他人或事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用主格和賓格都可以。如：He is older than me.He is older than I am.二. 物主代詞1.表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，如下表所示。 2. 形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，可在句中作定語(yǔ)。例如： Our teacher is coming

3、to see us. This is her pencil-box.3. 名詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，在句中可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。 Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主語(yǔ)） - Is this English-book yours? （作表語(yǔ)） - No. Mine is in my bag. Ive already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （作賓語(yǔ)）三. 指示代詞 指示代詞包括：this，that，these，those。 1. this和these一般用來(lái)指在時(shí)間或

4、空間上較近的事物或人，that和those則指時(shí)間和空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人，例如： This is a pen and that is a pencil We are busy these days In those days the workers had a hard time2. 有時(shí)that和those指前面講到過(guò)的事物，this 和these則是指下面將要講 到的事物，例如： I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come. What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in lear

5、ning English3. 有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)提到的名詞，常可用that或those代替，例如： Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai 4. this 在電話用語(yǔ)中代表自己，that 則代表對(duì)方。例如： Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?四. 反身代詞 英語(yǔ)中用來(lái)表示我自己，你自己，他自己，我們自己，你們自己等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞，也有人稱之為自身代名詞，其形式如表所示。 反身代詞可以在句中作賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)。 1. 作賓語(yǔ)，表

6、示動(dòng)作的承受者就是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)指同一個(gè)人或一些人。 He called himself a writer Would you please express yourself in English?2. 作表語(yǔ)。 It doesnt matterIll be myself soon The girl in the news is myself 3. 作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)，表示親自或本人。 I myself washed the clothes（=I washed the clothes myself.）（作主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)） You should ask the teacher himse

7、lf（作賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)）五. 不定代詞 不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，在句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)將幾個(gè)常用的不定代詞舉例說(shuō)明如下：1. some與any的區(qū)別1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，幾個(gè)”作形容詞時(shí)，后面可以接不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞；可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。 Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. . Some rice in the bag has been sold out. 2）any多用于疑問(wèn)句、條件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容詞時(shí)，后面可以接不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞；可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)

8、詞。 If you have any questions, please ask me. There isnt any orange in the bottle. Have you got any tea? 3）any和some也可以作代詞用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。 How many people can you see in the picture? I cant see any. If you have no money, Ill lend you some. 注意：與some, any結(jié)合的詞如something, somebody, som

9、eone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句、條件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的區(qū)別1）用作形容詞： 含義用法表示肯定表示否定用于可數(shù)名詞a few雖少，但有幾個(gè)few不多，幾乎沒(méi)有用于不可數(shù)名詞a little，雖少，但有一點(diǎn)little不多，沒(méi)有什么 Im going to buy a few apples. He can speak only a little Chinese. There is only a little milk in the glass

10、. He has few friends. They had little money with them. 2）a little和little也可以用作副詞，a little表示“有點(diǎn)，稍微”，little表示“很少”。 Im a little hungry. (修飾形容詞hungry) Let him sleep a little. (修飾動(dòng)詞sleep) Mary, go a little faster, please. (修飾副詞比較級(jí)) She slept very little last night.3. other, the other, another, others, the

11、 others的區(qū)別。用 法代名詞形容詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)不定another另一個(gè)others別人，其他人another (boy)另一個(gè)（男孩）other (boys)其他男孩特定the other另一個(gè)the others其余那些人、物the other (boy)另一個(gè)男孩the other (boys)其余那些男孩1）other可以作形容詞用，后面可以跟單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，意思是“其他的、別的”。 Where are his other books? I havent any other books except this one. 2）other也可以用作代詞，與冠詞the連用構(gòu)成“the

12、 other”，表示兩個(gè)人或物中的“另一個(gè)”。常與one搭配構(gòu)成“one ., the other .”句型。 He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old. She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other. 3）other作代詞用時(shí)，可以有復(fù)數(shù)“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常與some搭配構(gòu)成“some ., others .”句型。 Some went to the cinema, others went swim

13、ming. This coat is too large. Show me some others, please. 4）“the others”表示特指某范圍內(nèi)的“其他的人或物”。 We got home by 4 oclock, but the others didnt get back until 8 oclock. In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.5）another可以作形容詞用，修飾后面的名詞，意為“另一個(gè)”，還可以跟代詞one. You can see another ship in the sea,

14、 cant you? Mary doesnt want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one? 6）another也可以作代詞用，表示“另一個(gè)”。 Im still hungry after Ive had this cake. Please give me another.4. every與each的區(qū)別。eachevery1)可單獨(dú)使用1)不可單獨(dú)使用2)可做代名詞、形容詞2)僅作形容詞3)著重“個(gè)別”3)著重“全體”，毫無(wú)例外4)用于兩者或兩者以上中的每一個(gè)人或物4)用于三者或三者以上每一個(gè)人或物 The tea

15、cher gave a toy to each child. Each ball has a different colour. 當(dāng)我們說(shuō)each child, each student或each teacher時(shí)，我們想到的是一個(gè)人的情況。而當(dāng)我們說(shuō)every child和every student時(shí)，我們想到的是全體的情況，every的意思與all接近，表示他們都如此。 Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.Every child likes playing. = A

16、ll children like playing.5. all和both的用法。1）all指三者以上，或不可數(shù)的東西。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可以用單數(shù)，也可以用作復(fù)數(shù)。在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。 All of us like Mr Pope. 我們都喜歡Pope先生。（作主語(yǔ)） = We all like Mr Pope. (作同位語(yǔ)) All the water has been used up. (作主語(yǔ)) Thats all for today. (作表語(yǔ)) Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作賓語(yǔ)) All the leaders are here. (

17、作定語(yǔ)) 2）both作代詞。與其他名詞或代詞并列出現(xiàn)，表示“兩個(gè)都”。 Lucy and Lily both agree with us. They both passed on their sticks at the same time. How are your parents? Theyre both fine. 與“of +代詞（或名詞）”連用，表示“兩者都”。 Both of them came to see Mary. Both of the books are very interesting. 單獨(dú)使用，表示“兩者（都）”。 Michael has two sons. Bot

18、h are clever. I dont know which book is the better, I shall read both. 3）both用作形容詞，放在名詞之前，修飾該名詞，表示“兩者都”。 Both his younger sisters are our classmates. . There are tall trees on both sides of the street.六. 相互代詞 表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫做相互代詞。相互代詞有each other 和one another兩種形 式。在當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)中，each other和one another沒(méi)有什么區(qū)別。相互代詞可

19、在句中作賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)。作定語(yǔ)用時(shí)，相互代詞用所有格形式。 We should learn from each other / one another. （作賓語(yǔ)） Do you often write to each other / one another? （作賓語(yǔ)） We often borrow each others / one anothers books. （作定語(yǔ)） The students corrected each others / one anothers mistakes in their homework. （作定語(yǔ)）七. 疑問(wèn)代詞疑問(wèn)代詞有who，whom，whose

20、，what和which等。疑問(wèn)代詞用于特殊疑問(wèn)句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作為某一句子成分。例如：Who is going to come here tomorrow? （作主語(yǔ)）What is that? (作表語(yǔ))Whose umbrella is this? (作定語(yǔ))Whom are you waiting for? (作賓語(yǔ))八.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞是一種引導(dǎo)從句并起連接主句和從句作用的代詞。關(guān)系代詞有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它們?cè)诰渲锌捎米髦髡Z(yǔ),表語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),定語(yǔ). 在主句中,它們還代表著從句所修飾的那個(gè)名詞或代詞。例如：I hate peop

21、le who talk much but do little.Im looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter.With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies.Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?【實(shí)例解析】1. (2004年北京市中考試題) Mary, please show _ your picture. A. my B. mine C. I D. me 答案：D

22、。該提考查的是人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法。在本題中，動(dòng)詞show的后面要跟雙賓語(yǔ)，空白處缺少一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)選me。2. (2004年北京市中考試題) -Whats on TV tonight? Is there _ interesting? -Im afraid not. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 答案：B。該提考查的是不定代詞的用法。這是一個(gè)疑問(wèn)句。在疑問(wèn)句中，通常用anything。3. (2004年上海徐匯區(qū)中考試題) _ of them has his own opinion. A. Both B. Some

23、 C. Every D. Each 答案：D。該題考查的是不定代詞用法。因?yàn)橹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)形式，所以Both和Some都不對(duì)。Every 不能作主語(yǔ)，所以只有Each合適。4. (2004年安徽省中考試題) -Where is my pen? -Oh, sorry. I have taken _ by mistake. A. yours B. his C. mine D. hers 答案：A。該題考查的是物主代詞的用法。根據(jù)題干的背景，我們可以判斷出錯(cuò)拿的鋼筆應(yīng)該是對(duì)方的，所以選yours?！局锌佳菥殹恳? 單項(xiàng)填空1. Tom, Please pass _ the glasses. I wa

24、nt to read the newspapers. A. you B. me C. him D. her2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _ new words in it. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few3. -You want _ sandwich? -Yes, I usually eat a lot when Im hungry. A. other B. another C. others D. the other4. The doctors and nurses ar

25、e doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _. A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs5. -Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk? -_, thanks. Id like a cup of tea. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None6. -Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food. -Never

26、 mind. You can have _. A. us B. ours C. you D. yours7. -Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning? -_ is OK. Im free today and tomorrow. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None8. -How are you going to improve _ this term? -Work harder than last term. A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself9. -C

27、ould you tell me _ she is looking for? -Her cousin, Susan. A. that B. whose C. who D. which10. -Is _ here? -No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave. A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody11. Paul has _ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely. A. many B. some C. few D. more12. If

28、you want to book a round-trip ticket, youll have to pay _ $ 30. A. more B. other C. the other D. another13. -Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang? -Yes. I have two sons. But _ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America? A. neither B. both C. none D. either14. -Have you sent your parents an

29、E-mail telling them you arrived safe? -No. _ of them can use a computer. A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All15. Who taught _ English last term? Was _ Mr. Smith? A. you; it B. you; he C. your; it D. your; that16. -That woman has a bag in her right hand. Whats in her _ hand? A. another B. other C. one D

30、. the other17. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of _. A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves18. -Is there a bus to the zoo? -Im afraid theres _ bus to the zoo. A. no B. any C. some D. none19. You forgot your dictionary? You may have _. A. me B. my C. mine D. myself20. This is _ classro

31、om. Where is _? A. our; them B. us; they C. our; theirs D. ours; theirs二. 用所給代詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. This is not my pencil-box. _ ( I ) is in the bag.2. Trees are planted in _ ( we ) country every year, which makes our country more and more beautiful.3. -Is that bike Miss Gaos? -Yes, it is _(she) . Beautiful, i

32、snt it?4. Help _ (you) to some fruit, Jack.5. -Who taught your brother to surf? -Nobody. He learnt all by _ (he).6. Their English teacher is from America, but _ (we) is from England.7. Marys answer is different from _ ( I ).8. -My watch keeps good time. What about _(you)? -Mine? Oh, two minutes slow

33、.9. Sam is my brother. Do you like to play with _ (he)?10. Did you enjoy _ (you), Mary and Kate?三. 用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空1. The old man has two sons. One is a worker, _ is a teacher.2. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running; some like swimming; _ like ball games.3. Lets go and have a drink.

34、Weve got _ time before the train leaves.4. We were all very tired, but _ of us would like to have a rest.5. _ of the twins are in our class.6. Boys, dont touch the machines, or you may hurt _.7. It is said there is going to be _ important in the CCTV news.8. We couldnt buy anything because _ of the

35、shops opened at that time.9. They didnt learn _ new in this lesson.10. -Why is _ easy for such a young girl to learn three foreign languages so well? -Because Britain, Germany and France are all very near _ country.四. 用適當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡?wèn)代詞和關(guān)系代詞填空1. _ is the population of the world today?2. _ jumped the longest o

36、f all in the long jump?3. - _ colour is your mothers dress? -Its black.4. -_ is your car? -The red one in front of the tree.5. -_ of the following can you often find on a medicine bottle? -I know, sir. Its instruction.6. The necklace _ she is wearing is beautiful.7. Do you know the person _ lost his

37、 bike?8. Most people _ live in less developed countries are quite poor.9. The boy _ is helping the old man is Johns brother.10. People _ use credit cards to buy things online should be very careful【練習(xí)答案】一. 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.D 13.A 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.C 20.C二.1.

38、Mine 2.our 3.hers 4.yourself 5.himself 6.ours 7.mine 8.yours 9.him 10.yourselves三. 1.the other 2.others 3.a little 4. none 5.Both 6.yourselves 7.something 8.none 9.anything 10.it; her四. 1. What 2. Who 3. What 4. Which 5. Which 6. that/ which 7. that/ who 8. who/that 9. who/ that 10. who/ that直擊中考一 、

39、單項(xiàng)填空（共15小題；每小題1分，總分15分） 從A.B.C.D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。1. Many companies are planning to work four days_ week nowadays.A. aB. anC. theD. /2.-Look, Mum! We have _ sugar in the fridge.-Really? Lets go and buy some.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little3. _ people got eye or breathing problems during the fir

40、e in Australia this year.A. ThousandB.ThousandsC. Thousands ofD. Ten thousands 4. If you have any problems, you can ask your parents to give you _. A. a piece adviceB. an adviceC.some adviceD. some advices5. When Im unhappy, I will look for _ to do.A. something interestingB. interesting somethingC.

41、interesting nothingD. anything interesting6.The old lady looked _ at the naughty（調(diào)皮的）boy and didnt know what to say.A. happilyB. happyC. angrilyD. angry7. - Mum, today is Friday. Must I finish my homework now?- No, you _. You may have a rest first and finish it tomorrow.A. mustntB. cantC. may notD.

42、neednt8. _ it rained heavily, they arrived at Shanghai Grand Theatre in time.A. ButB. ThoughC. BecauseD.If9. The old man could hardly read or write, _?A. can heB. cant heC. could he D. couldnt he10. Please tell me _. I have some good news for her. A. where Kitty livedB.where did Kitty liveC. where K

43、itty livesD. where does Kitty live11. We are not sure if it _ when we have our school sports meeting tomorrow. A. rainB. rainsC. has rainedD. will rain12. Dont forget to _ the lights and the TV in the sitting room before going to bed.A. turn overB. turn onC. turn offD. turn up13. - Do you mind my sm

44、oking here?-_. Look at the sign. It says, “No smoking.”A. Of course notB.Youd better notC. No, I dontD. Never mind14. - Im sorry I broke your mirror.- Oh, really? _. A. Youre welcomeB. Dont be sorryC. Not at allD. It doesnt matter15. Which of the following signs can be seen on the door of a shopping

45、 mall? A. B. C. D. A)根據(jù)括號(hào)中所給漢語(yǔ)寫(xiě)出單詞，使句子意思完整正確。46. Many people do not understand the _ （重要性）of the wetlands.47. Its very _(not safe) to swim in a big river alone.48.One World, One_(夢(mèng)想) is the slogan(口號(hào)) of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.49. Those works of art in Expo are so amazing that we can hardly

46、_（相信） our eyes.50. Thomas Edison was one of the most famous _( people who invent many things )in the world.B)根據(jù)句子意思，用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。51. The girls _ eyes make her so sweet. (smile)52. Tomorrow will be his _ birthday.( twenty)53. They are looking forward to _ for the coming party.(plan)54. Of all the

47、pupils in our school, Tommy did _ in the Maths exam and his father was very angry with him.(bad)55.We should learn to teach _ at home, then we can get great progress.(we)56. I didnt notice him come in, because I _ (chat) on the Internet then.C)根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容，從下面方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或詞組填空，使對(duì)話內(nèi)容完整正確。in the wild was made

48、 of agree with endangered was afraid toSally: We had a wonderful dinner in a restaurant yesterday.Wendy: What did you have?Sally: We had a lot of delicious food. One of the dishes 57 the meat of a snake.Wendy: A snake?Sally: Yes. At first, I 58 eat it, but my father encouraged me to have a try. Wend

49、y: Many 59 animals have lost their lives because people eat them. I dont think thats right. People should protect wild animals.Sally: We dont hunt snakes 60 . These snakes are kept on the farm so thatthey can be sold or used as food.Wendy: But some people will still hunt wild animals if such dishes

50、are on our dining table.Sally: I 61 you. I wont eat such a dish any more.五、閱讀短文（共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分） A)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，完成表格，每空一詞。 How to beat sadnessWe all have days when we are down, tired and unhappy. Thats OK. You need days like this, or how would you know you are happy? Youll enjoy your good days even more

51、 when you have a few bad days. Even if sadness is a part of life, lets try to make it small. Here are a few simple ways to help you feel better when you are feeling sad.1. Stand up straight and this helps your energy flow (流動(dòng)). When your energy is flowing freely, you can flow too.2. Smile! Its easy

52、to do and have good results. This way can not only leave you in a good mood but also bring others a good mood.3. Listen to music. It can be your favourite music. Some kinds of music work better than others, so try and find out what kind of music works the best for you.4. Take some “me” time. You can

53、 find pleasure in reading a book, watching a sunrise or having a hot bath, or something like that.5. Exercise. Even something as simple as taking a walk will get your blood flowing. It is a great way to clear your mind of anything that makes you sad.These ways will cheer you up when you are down, but dont just use them when you are sad. Try and practice them every day to make them a habit. You will be surpri