助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞課件

1、1情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞暑期夏令營(yíng)暑期夏令營(yíng) 學(xué)習(xí)方法探究之二學(xué)習(xí)方法探究之二2定義情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是一種本身有一定的詞義情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是一種本身有一定的詞義,但要與但要與動(dòng)詞原形及其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一起使用，給謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形及其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一起使用，給謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞增添情態(tài)色彩，表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)有關(guān)行動(dòng)詞增添情態(tài)色彩，表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)有關(guān)行為或事物的態(tài)度和看法，認(rèn)為其可能、應(yīng)為或事物的態(tài)度和看法，認(rèn)為其可能、應(yīng)該或必要等。該或必要等。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加動(dòng)詞原形。 注意3分類(lèi)：分類(lèi)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有四類(lèi)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有四類(lèi)： 只做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：只做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：must,can(could),may(might),ought to可做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞又可做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：可

2、做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞又可做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：need,dare可做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞又可做助動(dòng)詞：可做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞又可做助動(dòng)詞：shall(should),will(would)具有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞特征：具有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞特征：have(had,has) to,used to4位置:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在句中放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前若有助動(dòng)詞,則在助動(dòng)詞之前,疑問(wèn)句中, 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞則在主語(yǔ)之前。 I can see you. Come here. 我能看見(jiàn)你，過(guò)來(lái)吧。 He must have been away. 他一定走了。 What can I do for you? 我能幫你嗎？How dare you treat us like tha

3、t！ 你怎能那樣對(duì)待我們！5特點(diǎn): 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化, 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面跟的動(dòng)詞需用原形,否定式構(gòu)成是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加 not。 個(gè)別情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式兩種形式, 過(guò)去式用來(lái)表達(dá)更加客氣, 委婉的語(yǔ)氣, 時(shí)態(tài)性不強(qiáng), 可用于過(guò)去，現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞屬非及物動(dòng)詞，故沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 He could be here soon. 他很快就來(lái)。 We cant carry the heavy box. 我們搬不動(dòng)那箱子。 Im sorry I cant help you. 對(duì)不起，我?guī)筒簧夏恪?6The basic uses of Modal Verbs 6、Dare/dared 7、Ne

4、ed/needed 8、ought to 9、三點(diǎn)說(shuō)明、三點(diǎn)說(shuō)明 10、典型錯(cuò)誤典型錯(cuò)誤 1、Can / could 2、May / might 3、Must/ need 4、Shall / should 5、will / would 7一、一、 can, could1) 表示能力（體力、知識(shí)、技能）。能力（體力、知識(shí)、技能）。Can you lift this heavy box?（體力）（體力）Mary can speak three languages.（知識(shí)）（知識(shí)）Can you skate?（技能）（技能） 此時(shí)可用be able to代替。（考點(diǎn)一）：。（考點(diǎn)一）：Can只有一般

5、現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)和一般過(guò)去；而一般過(guò)去；而be able to則有更多的時(shí)態(tài)。更多的時(shí)態(tài)。Ill not be able to come this afternoon. 當(dāng)表示（考點(diǎn)二）（考點(diǎn)二）“經(jīng)過(guò)努力才得以做成功某事”時(shí)應(yīng)用be able to，不能用不能用Can。如：如：He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.8一、一、 can, could2) 表示請(qǐng)求和允許。表示請(qǐng)求和允許。-Can I go now? - Yes, you can. / No, you cant. 此時(shí)

6、可與may互換。在疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句中還可用could, might代替，不是過(guò)去式，只是語(yǔ)氣更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答語(yǔ)中。 - Could I come to see you tomorrow? - Yes, you can. ( No, Im afraid not. ) (考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn))9一、一、 can, could3) 表示客觀可能性（客觀原因形成的能力）。表示客觀可能性（客觀原因形成的能力）。Theyve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.This hall can hold 500 people at least. 4)

7、表示推測(cè)（驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度），推測(cè)（驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度），用于疑問(wèn)句、疑問(wèn)句、否定句否定句和感嘆句感嘆句中。Can this be true?This cant be done by him.對(duì)比：對(duì)比：This must be done by him.How can this be true?101. Can 表示能力表示能力 The parrot can speak three languages.表示允許表示允許 Can I borrow the book from the library?表示可能性表示可能性 Shanghai can be very cold in Ma

8、rch.Could 過(guò)去式；語(yǔ)氣更委婉2. Can 與 be able toCan 表示習(xí)慣能力，而表示習(xí)慣能力，而be able to表示經(jīng)過(guò)那里而做成了某事。表示經(jīng)過(guò)那里而做成了某事。2. 在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中，二者可以互在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中，二者可以互換。換。3. can./could + have +p.p1.在否定、疑問(wèn)句中表示在否定、疑問(wèn)句中表示“對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生行對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生行為的可能性猜測(cè)。為的可能性猜測(cè)。2. 在肯定句中表示在肯定句中表示“本來(lái)可以做而未做本來(lái)可以做而未做”The door was lacked. She couldnt have been at home.（推測(cè)：）You coul

9、d have been more careful.（但實(shí)事上沒(méi)有更細(xì)致）11二、二、 may, might 1) 表示請(qǐng)求和允許。表示請(qǐng)求和允許。might比比 may語(yǔ)氣更委婉，而不是過(guò)去式。語(yǔ)氣更委婉，而不是過(guò)去式。否定回答時(shí)可用否定回答時(shí)可用（考點(diǎn)一）（考點(diǎn)一）cant或或mustnt，表示，表示“不可以，禁不可以，禁止止”。-Might/ May I smoke in this room? - No, you mustnt.- May/Might I take this book out of the room?- Yes, you can. (No, you cant / mustn

10、t. )用用May I.？征徇對(duì)方許可時(shí)比較正式和客氣，而用？征徇對(duì)方許可時(shí)比較正式和客氣，而用Can I.？在？在口語(yǔ)中更常見(jiàn)?？谡Z(yǔ)中更常見(jiàn)。12二、二、 may, might 2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed!3) 表示推測(cè)、可能性推測(cè)、可能性（不用于疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句）。might不是過(guò)去式過(guò)去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。1He may /might be very busy now.2Your mother may /might not know the truth.131. May 表示可能性表示允許表示祝愿Might 過(guò)去式；語(yǔ)氣更委

11、婉2. may/might + have +p.p1.在否定、肯定句中表示對(duì)過(guò)去動(dòng)作的推測(cè)在否定、肯定句中表示對(duì)過(guò)去動(dòng)作的推測(cè) “也許是也許是”2. Might+have+p.p表示虛擬，表表示虛擬，表“勸告、責(zé)備之意。勸告、責(zé)備之意?！盓g. 1. She may be still waiting for us. 2. May I come in? 3.May you have a happy holiday.Eg. 1. He might have spoken to her yesterday.（委婉推測(cè)） 2. You might have told me earlier.（你或許可以

12、早點(diǎn)告訴我，但實(shí)事上沒(méi)有，有責(zé)備之意）14三、三、 must, have to 1) 表示必須、必要。表示必須、必要。You must come in time.在回答引出的問(wèn)句時(shí)，如果是否定的，(考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一)不能用mustnt（禁止，不準(zhǔn)），而用neednt, dont have to（不必）.- Must we hand in our exercise books today?- Yes, you must.- No, you dont have to / you neednt.15三、三、 must, have to 2) must是說(shuō)話人的主觀看法，是說(shuō)話人的主觀看法， 而而have

13、 to則強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。則強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。Must只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)， have to 有更多的時(shí)態(tài)形式。有更多的時(shí)態(tài)形式。He play isnt interesting, I really must go now.I had to work when I was your age.3) 表示推測(cè)、可能性（只用于肯定的陳述句）表示推測(cè)、可能性（只用于肯定的陳述句）Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best. Your mother must be waiting for you now.161. Must 表

14、示肯定的猜測(cè)表示肯定的猜測(cè),但只用于肯定句，但只用于肯定句，而而mustnt 表示表示“禁止、不準(zhǔn)禁止、不準(zhǔn)”2. Must 、have to 與have got toMust表示主觀表示主觀Have to表示客觀需求表示客觀需求Have got to 多見(jiàn)于口語(yǔ)多見(jiàn)于口語(yǔ)3. must + have +p.p對(duì)過(guò)去事情的肯定猜測(cè)。對(duì)過(guò)去事情的肯定猜測(cè)。Eg. The road is wet. It must have rained last night.17四、四、 shall, should 1) shall 用于第一人稱(chēng)，征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)。用于第一人稱(chēng)，征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)。What shall

15、 we do this evening?Shall we go there by bus?2) shall 用于用于 (考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一) 第二、三人稱(chēng)，表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的命令、第二、三人稱(chēng)，表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。警告、允諾或威脅。1. You shall fail if you dont work hard.(警告警告)2. He shall have me the book when I finish it.(允諾允諾)3. He shall be punished.(威脅威脅)181、Shall /should 1、第一、三人稱(chēng)疑問(wèn)句中表示、第一、三人稱(chēng)疑問(wèn)句中表示“請(qǐng)求

16、請(qǐng)求 或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)?；蛘髑髮?duì)方意見(jiàn)。Eg. Shall I get you a cup of coffee?2、第二、三人稱(chēng)陳述句中、第二、三人稱(chēng)陳述句中1、表示允諾、表示允諾“會(huì)（得到）。會(huì)（得到）。2、表示命令、表示命令/警告警告威脅威脅 “該回必須該回必須” shall/should + have +p.p ought to表示本應(yīng)該做而未做。表示本應(yīng)該做而未做。should 過(guò)去式 語(yǔ)氣更委婉Eg. You should have been five minutes ago.2、2、19五、五、 will, would 1) 表示請(qǐng)求、建議等，表示請(qǐng)求、建議等，would更委婉更委婉

17、 Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?2) 表示意志、愿望和決心。表示意志、愿望和決心。1. I will never do that again.2. They asked him if he would go abroad. 20五、五、 will, would 3) would表示過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作動(dòng)作或某種某種傾向傾向。would表示過(guò)去過(guò)去習(xí)慣習(xí)慣時(shí)比used to正式，且沒(méi)有 (考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)) “現(xiàn)已無(wú)此習(xí)慣”的含義。1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other

18、day.2. The wound would not heal治愈治愈 . 創(chuàng)傷難以愈合創(chuàng)傷難以愈合 Would 后只能接表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。used to 則還可以接表示狀態(tài)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。（考點(diǎn)）動(dòng)詞。（考點(diǎn)）He used to be a worker.4) 表示估計(jì)和猜想。表示估計(jì)和猜想。 It would be about ten oclock when she left home.21Will/ would 1、表示意愿、表示意愿 Ill try my best to overcome the difficulty.2、表示意圖、表示意圖What will you do?3、表

19、示請(qǐng)示、表示請(qǐng)示 Will you halp me to put these books in order?4、表示習(xí)慣動(dòng)作、表示習(xí)慣動(dòng)作She will sit for hours without saying a word.Would 與 used to 1、Would 后只能接表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。后只能接表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。2、used to 則還可以接表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。則還可以接表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。Eg. He used to be a worker.22used to和和would的區(qū)別的區(qū)別1. 都可以表示過(guò)去重復(fù)的習(xí)慣，都可以表示過(guò)去重復(fù)的習(xí)慣，used to 含含有有“過(guò)去怎樣而現(xiàn)在卻不這樣

20、了過(guò)去怎樣而現(xiàn)在卻不這樣了”的意思；的意思；而而would則單純表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，常則單純表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，常和和often, everyday等連用。等連用。He would take a walk near the forest in the evening. （現(xiàn)在可能散步也可能不散現(xiàn)在可能散步也可能不散步了）步了）He used to take a walk near the forest in the evening. （而現(xiàn)在不散步了）而現(xiàn)在不散步了）231. She isnt what she used to be. 她跟過(guò)去她跟過(guò)去不一樣了。不一樣了。（表示對(duì)比，不可用

21、（表示對(duì)比，不可用would）2. There used to be a park. 以前這里有一以前這里有一個(gè)公園。個(gè)公園。表示過(guò)去的狀態(tài)，只能用表示過(guò)去的狀態(tài)，只能用used to，不可用，不可用would。24六、六、 dare, need 1) dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí)作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí), 常用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件從句中常用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件從句中, 過(guò)去式形式為過(guò)去式形式為dared。How dare you say Im unfair?He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?If we dared not go th

22、ere that day， we couldnt get the beautiful flowers.2) need 作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí)作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí), 常用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句。在肯定句中一常用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。代替。1You neednt come so early.2. - Need I finish the work today? - Yes, you must. / No, you neednt.25 3) dare和和 need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用時(shí)， 有人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。在有人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)

23、的變化。在肯定句中，肯定句中，dare后面常接帶后面常接帶to的不定式。在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中，的不定式。在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中，dare后面可接帶后面可接帶to或不帶或不帶to的不定式。而的不定式。而need后面只能接帶后面只能接帶to的的不定式。不定式。1. I dare to swim across this river.2. He doesnt dare (to) answer.3. He needs to finish his homework today.261、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于否定、疑問(wèn)句；條件從句中。、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于否定、疑問(wèn)句；條件從句中。 eg. 1. Dare you go here

24、alone? 2. How dare you do such follish things? 3. I wont allow you to swim in the river, even if you dare do it.Dare / dared2 、做實(shí)意動(dòng)詞后加不定式。、做實(shí)意動(dòng)詞后加不定式。 eg. I have never dared to tell him about it. 27Need /needed 1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于否定句，疑問(wèn)句。2、實(shí)意動(dòng)詞用法似dare,后加不定式后加不定式。3、need + not + have +p.p 表示“本來(lái)不需要做而做了。28可兼做行為動(dòng)詞的

25、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：可兼做行為動(dòng)詞的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：need 、 dare 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 (+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形)行為動(dòng)詞行為動(dòng)詞 .needdare 1.1.無(wú)人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化無(wú)人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化; 2.2.尤其用于：尤其用于：* *否定句及疑問(wèn)句中否定句及疑問(wèn)句中; ;*在在if/whether之后之后;* *或與或與hardly, never, no one, nobody連用連用; 3.常以常以neednt和和darent 的形式出現(xiàn)的形式出現(xiàn);4.dare有其過(guò)去時(shí)有其過(guò)去時(shí)dared. 多用于肯定句多用于肯定句; need to do dare to doneed to be done need do

26、ing 29 How dare you say such a thing? How dare you to say such a thing?He darent to speak English before such a crowd, did he?He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?30Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease.Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease.These dishes needed be c

27、leaned carefully.These dishes need to be cleaned carefully.These dishes need cleaning carefully.31七、七、 should, ought to 1) should, ought to表示表示“應(yīng)該應(yīng)該”，ought to表示義務(wù)或責(zé)任，比表示義務(wù)或責(zé)任，比should語(yǔ)氣重。語(yǔ)氣重。1. I should help her because she is in trouble.2. You ought to take care of the baby.2) 表示勸告、建議和命令。表示勸告、建議和命令。

28、should, ought to可通用，但在疑問(wèn)句可通用，但在疑問(wèn)句中中常用常用should。1. You should / ought to go to class right away.2. Should I open the window?.32七、七、 should, ought to 3) 表示推測(cè)表示推測(cè)should , ought to (客觀推測(cè)客觀推測(cè)), must(主觀推測(cè)主觀推測(cè))。1.He must be home by now. (斷定他已到家)2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)3. This is where the

29、 oil must be.(直爽)4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)33Ought to 1、其否定式為、其否定式為ought not to2、ought to + have + p.p 表示本來(lái)應(yīng)該做而沒(méi)有做到。表示本來(lái)應(yīng)該做而沒(méi)有做到。 ought + not+ to have + p.p 表示本不來(lái)應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際已做到表示本不來(lái)應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際已做到 You ought to have come here early. You ought not to have cut away the trees around the old b

30、uilding.34一，常見(jiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：，常見(jiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can, could, may, might ,must, shall, should, will, would, need, have to等等 二，常見(jiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本含義及用法二，常見(jiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本含義及用法1.can/could_ _ _ _cant/couldnt_ _ _ _ 2.may/might_ _.may not_ 3.must_ _ 4.mustnt_ 5.neednt_ 6.have to_ _dont have to_ 7.will/would_ _ _ _ 8.should_shouldnt_ 9.Ma

31、y?的疑問(wèn)句中否定回答用的疑問(wèn)句中否定回答用_或或_ 10.Must?的疑問(wèn)句中否定回答用的疑問(wèn)句中否定回答用_或或_ 11.請(qǐng)你請(qǐng)你好嗎？用句型好嗎？用句型: _ 12. Shall I/we? 表示表示 13.需要干某事需要干某事_ _能能 會(huì)會(huì) 可能可能 可以可以不能不能 不會(huì)不會(huì) 不可能不可能 不可以不可以可以可以 可能可能可能不可能不必須必須 一定一定不可以不可以不需要不需要不得不不得不 必須必須不需要不需要將將 會(huì)會(huì) 愿愿 要要應(yīng)當(dāng)應(yīng)當(dāng)不應(yīng)當(dāng)不應(yīng)當(dāng)mustntcantneedntdont have toWill / Would /could you (please)?我我/我們我們

32、好嗎？好嗎？need do sth need to do sth14.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后跟情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后跟_動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形35三點(diǎn)說(shuō)明三點(diǎn)說(shuō)明1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + v 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)動(dòng)作的猜測(cè)。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have + p.p表示對(duì)過(guò)去過(guò)去動(dòng)作的猜測(cè)。2、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式與原形相比，多點(diǎn)禮貌，少點(diǎn)冒昧， 語(yǔ)氣更為委婉。3情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在一般疑問(wèn)句中的回答： Can you sing? May I come in? Must I handin the book now? Need I finish it now?Yes, I can.No, I cant.Yes, you may.No, you m

33、ustnt.Yes, you must.No, neednt /dont have to.Yes, you must.No, you neednt.361. He mustnt be in the classroom. ( )cant2. You might leave the bag on the bag. ( )might have left3. You must have seen the film last week, havet you? ( )didnt you 4. Li ming must have been to Japan, didnt he? ( )hasnt he37重

34、點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)探究重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)探究38情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 完成式動(dòng)詞完成式動(dòng)詞 (指過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或情況指過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或情況) may / might have done sth. 可能做過(guò)可能做過(guò)(了了)某事某事 cant / couldnt have done sth. 不可能做了某事不可能做了某事 must have done sth. 準(zhǔn)是做了某事準(zhǔn)是做了某事 neednt have done sth. 本不必做某事本不必做某事(實(shí)際上已做實(shí)際上已做) could have done sth. 本可以做某事本可以做某事 (實(shí)際上沒(méi)做實(shí)際上沒(méi)做) should have done sth. 本應(yīng)做某事本

35、應(yīng)做某事 (實(shí)際上沒(méi)做實(shí)際上沒(méi)做) ought to have done sth. 本應(yīng)做某事本應(yīng)做某事 (實(shí)際上沒(méi)做實(shí)際上沒(méi)做)shouldnt have done sth. 本不應(yīng)做某事本不應(yīng)做某事 (實(shí)際上已做實(shí)際上已做)oughtnt to have done sth. 本不應(yīng)做某事本不應(yīng)做某事 (實(shí)際上已實(shí)際上已做做) 39You could have done better, but you didnt try your best. 2. He cant have been to that town.3. Can he have got the book?He may not ha

36、ve finished the work . If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier. You must have seen the film Titanic.He must have been to Shanghai.（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）（推測(cè)推測(cè)）（推測(cè)推測(cè)）他可能沒(méi)有做完那項(xiàng)工作(條件虛擬） （我們也許會(huì)到的更早些）（推測(cè)推測(cè)）40He should have finished the work by now。You ought to / should have helped him. (but yo

37、u didnt.)She shouldnt have taken away my measuring tape測(cè)尺 , for I wanted to use it.You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.41高考考點(diǎn)探究高考考點(diǎn)探究: :1. 表示能力、許可的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。表示能力、許可的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。2. 表示否定的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。表示否定的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。3. shall 和和 will 的多種意義的區(qū)別。的多種意義的區(qū)別。4. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的使用。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的使用。5.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)的使用。情態(tài)動(dòng)

38、詞表示推測(cè)的使用。6.虛擬語(yǔ)氣中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用。虛擬語(yǔ)氣中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用。42 表示能力表示能力: can, could, be able to *be able to 能用于能用于各種時(shí)態(tài)各種時(shí)態(tài)。 can / could 只能表示只能表示現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在或或過(guò)去過(guò)去的能力。的能力。 *was / were able to : “設(shè)法做成某事設(shè)法做成某事” 相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于 managed to do sth. succeeded in doing sth.。1. 1. 表示能力、許可的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。表示能力、許可的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。431. A computer _ think for itself;

39、 it must be told what to do. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not2. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able toA D 443. They will _ run this machine on theirown in three months. can B. could C. may D. be able to4. That big c

40、inema _ seat 2,000 people.A. can B. should C. ought to D. is able toD A 45表示許可表示許可: may / might, can / could * might, could 比較比較委婉委婉, 一般多用于一般多用于疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句.* can, may 表達(dá)的語(yǔ)言比較隨便表達(dá)的語(yǔ)言比較隨便.* 在以在以could, might 表示表示征詢對(duì)方意見(jiàn)征詢對(duì)方意見(jiàn) 或或表示請(qǐng)求表示請(qǐng)求時(shí)，回答應(yīng)相應(yīng)使用時(shí)，回答應(yīng)相應(yīng)使用can, may.46 Can/May/Could I use your pen?肯定簡(jiǎn)略回答：肯定簡(jiǎn)略回答：

41、 Yes, you can/may. Yes, please.否定簡(jiǎn)略回答：否定簡(jiǎn)略回答： No, you mustnt. Please dont. No, you may not. 475. Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you _.A. might B. will C. can D. should6. Might I watch TV after supper? Yes, you _.A. may B. must C. might D. canC A 482. 2. 表示否定的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法表示否定的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法: :部分情

42、態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞中的考點(diǎn)之一部分情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞中的考點(diǎn)之一 mustnt neednt cant may not shouldnt 不準(zhǔn)不準(zhǔn), 禁止禁止 沒(méi)必要沒(méi)必要 ( = dont have to )不能不能; 不可能不可能不可以不可以; 可能不可能不不應(yīng)該不應(yīng)該 ( = ought not to )497. You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not8. Johnny, you _ play with

43、 the knife, you _ hurt yourself. A. wont ; cant B. mustnt ; may C. shouldnt ; must D. cant ; shouldntC B 509. -Will you stay for lunch? -Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustnt B. I cant C. I neednt D. I wont10. -May I pick a flower in the garden? - _. A. No, you neednt B. Not, please.

44、 C. No, you mustnt D. No, you wontB C 51情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：shall, will 的多種意義的多種意義: shall / will+ 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形: * shall 可表示必須、命令、可表示必須、命令、 警告或征詢意見(jiàn)警告或征詢意見(jiàn). * will 可表示意愿、常出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作、在疑問(wèn)句可表示意愿、常出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作、在疑問(wèn)句 中表示請(qǐng)求和建議中表示請(qǐng)求和建議.* 均可表示將來(lái)。均可表示將來(lái)。 過(guò)去時(shí)為過(guò)去時(shí)為 should, would.3.52 shall用在主語(yǔ)是第一和第三人稱(chēng)的疑問(wèn)句中表示用在主語(yǔ)是第一和第三人稱(chēng)的疑問(wèn)句中表示征求對(duì)方的允諾；征求對(duì)方

45、的允諾；Shall I open the window?Shall he come in or wait outside?will用在主語(yǔ)是第二人稱(chēng)的疑問(wèn)句中用在主語(yǔ)是第二人稱(chēng)的疑問(wèn)句中,表示表示“請(qǐng)求請(qǐng)求”Would you pass the salt, please?Will you please pass the salt?will用于主語(yǔ)是各人稱(chēng)的陳述句中用于主語(yǔ)是各人稱(chēng)的陳述句中,表示表示“意愿、傾意愿、傾向向”-The phone is ringing.- Ill get it.53“The interest _ be divided into five parts, accord

46、ing to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge.A. may B. should C. must D. shall5411. He _ be punished if he disobeys. 如果他不服從如果他不服從, 就要受到懲罰就要受到懲罰.12. We are not going to quarrel at all if you _ only let me speak. 只要你讓我說(shuō)話只要你讓我說(shuō)話, 我們根本就不會(huì)吵架我們根本就不會(huì)吵架.13. -Sir, _ he go or stay? -Let him go

47、. A. will B. shall C. might D. couldshallwillB 5514. The door _ open. 這門(mén)經(jīng)常打不開(kāi)這門(mén)經(jīng)常打不開(kāi).15. Ronald _ stay in his small garden for a long time every day in the past. A. could B. might C. should D. would16. You _ have the book after I read it. 我看完以后一定把這本書(shū)給你我看完以后一定把這本書(shū)給你.wontD shall564. 4. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)

48、的使用: :would like to dowould rather dowould rather + sb.+ did sth.would prefer to do.had better do.寧愿寧愿57改錯(cuò)改錯(cuò):1. Would you like having some tea?2. Id prefer going to the lecture this evening.3. Id rather you to go to the meeting.4. He would rather to die than to give in.5. Youd better to have your ha

49、ir cut today.Would you like to have some tea?Id prefer to go to . you went to .He would rather die than give in.Youd better have .585.5.表示推測(cè)表示推測(cè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的重要用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的重要用法. .1. You must be Mr Smith-I was told to expect you here.2. He must have known what we wanted.3. We may have read the same report.4. He ca

50、nt have slept through all that noise.5. Theres someone outside-who can it be?6. What can they be doing?7. These pills might help to cure your disease.8. You could be right, I suppose.59表示推測(cè)表示推測(cè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的重要用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的重要用法. .肯定的推測(cè)肯定的推測(cè)可能的推測(cè)可能的推測(cè)否定的推測(cè)否定的推測(cè)疑問(wèn)的推測(cè)疑問(wèn)的推測(cè)must 對(duì)將來(lái)對(duì)將來(lái) 對(duì)現(xiàn)在對(duì)現(xiàn)在 對(duì)過(guò)去對(duì)過(guò)去情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may, mightcou

51、ld cant, couldntcan, could + V. + V. + have done常見(jiàn)常見(jiàn)must be + be doing + V. + V. + have done + be doing 可以用可以用not表示表示“可能不可能不” +V. + V. + have done + be doing+ V. + V. + have done + be doing60情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must，can，could，may，might都可都可用來(lái)表示推測(cè)用來(lái)表示推測(cè) 1. must所表示的可能性最大，最有把握，意所表示的可能性最大，最有把握，意為為“一定一定”。2. can和和coul

52、d主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中 ，cant或或couldnt 表示表示“不可能不可能”3. may 和和 might表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)可能發(fā)生的動(dòng)作表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)可能發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，主要用于肯定句中，或情況，主要用于肯定句中，might相對(duì)于相對(duì)于may 來(lái)說(shuō)，表示的可能性更小一些。來(lái)說(shuō)，表示的可能性更小一些。注意：注意：1). 表示猜測(cè)，表示猜測(cè)，can/could一般不用于肯定一般不用于肯定句中，除非是句中，除非是“經(jīng)驗(yàn)之談經(jīng)驗(yàn)之談”。 如：如：Anybody can make mistakes 61如：如：(正正) Can Could it be cloudy tomo

53、rrow ？(誤誤) May Might it be cloudy tomorrow ？1. Mary _ be in Paris， ，for I saw her in the town only a few minutes ago A mustnt B cant C shouldnt D may not2. Peter come with us tonight， ，but he isnt very sure yet A must B may C can D will 2)may和和might都不用于疑問(wèn)句中。都不用于疑問(wèn)句中。 623. Are you coming to Jeffs par

54、ty Im not sure I go to the concert instead A must B would C should D might 4. It _ last night， ，for the ground was wet this morning A must have rained B may have rained C must rain D might rain 63should也可以用來(lái)表示也可以用來(lái)表示“推測(cè)推測(cè)”，意為，意為“可能；該可能；該”, 相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于be expected to。往往。往往指具有一定的客觀根據(jù)或根據(jù)推理對(duì)現(xiàn)在指具有一定的客觀根據(jù)或根據(jù)推理對(duì)

55、現(xiàn)在某事發(fā)生的某事發(fā)生的“可能性可能性”進(jìn)行描述，語(yǔ)氣上進(jìn)行描述，語(yǔ)氣上不如不如must強(qiáng)。強(qiáng)。1. Will Mr Wang offer us a hand? He _ be glad to He never refused our request A can B must C may D should 642. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They _ be ready by 12： ：00 A can B should C might D need3. Its nearly seven o

56、clock Jack _ be here at any moment A must B need C should D can65 解答情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示猜測(cè)的試題時(shí)，一解答情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示猜測(cè)的試題時(shí)，一要清楚被猜測(cè)的時(shí)間，二要清楚有無(wú)要清楚被猜測(cè)的時(shí)間，二要清楚有無(wú)客觀事實(shí)根據(jù)?？陀^事實(shí)根據(jù)。若有客觀事實(shí)根據(jù)，若有客觀事實(shí)根據(jù)，則無(wú)論是肯定還是否定的猜測(cè)，猜測(cè)則無(wú)論是肯定還是否定的猜測(cè)，猜測(cè)語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)且符合時(shí)間要求的為最佳答語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)且符合時(shí)間要求的為最佳答案；案；若無(wú)客觀事實(shí)根據(jù)，若無(wú)客觀事實(shí)根據(jù)，純憑主觀臆純憑主觀臆斷則猜測(cè)語(yǔ)氣最弱且符合時(shí)間要求的斷則猜測(cè)語(yǔ)氣最弱且符合時(shí)間要求的為最佳答案。為最佳答

57、案。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示猜測(cè)時(shí)語(yǔ)氣從強(qiáng)到弱的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示猜測(cè)時(shí)語(yǔ)氣從強(qiáng)到弱的順序是：順序是：must，should，can，may，could，might。66不同的不同的“肯定肯定”程度可按下列層次排列：程度可按下列層次排列： He is at home. (事實(shí)事實(shí)) He must be at home.（非?？隙ǖ耐茢啵ǚ浅？隙ǖ耐茢啵?He could be at home.（很可能）（很可能） He ought to be at home.（很可能）（很可能） He may be at home.（僅僅可能而已）（僅僅可能而已） He might be at home.（或許（或許,

58、非常不確定）非常不確定） He might not be at home.（也許不在家）（也許不在家）He may not be at home. （比（比might可能）可能） He couldnt be at home.（很可能不在家）（很可能不在家） He cant be at home.（一定不在家）（一定不在家）He isnt at home.（事實(shí)）（事實(shí)） 67高考考題高考考題:1. I thought you _like something to read, so I have brought you some books. A. may B. might C. would D. must 2. Where is my pen? I _it. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost3. I didnt hear the phone. I _asleep. A. must be B. must have been C. should be D.