現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別

1、I want to read a book written by the woman living there.to readwrittenliving時態(tài)：時態(tài)：_強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行， _ _強(qiáng)調(diào)動作已經(jīng)完成。強(qiáng)調(diào)動作已經(jīng)完成。語態(tài)：語態(tài)：現(xiàn)在分詞側(cè)重于現(xiàn)在分詞側(cè)重于_， 過去分詞側(cè)重于過去分詞側(cè)重于_。 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞過去分詞主動主動被動被動根本區(qū)別根本區(qū)別這種根本的區(qū)別具體體現(xiàn)在兩種分詞這種根本的區(qū)別具體體現(xiàn)在兩種分詞分別充當(dāng)?shù)母鞣N分別充當(dāng)?shù)母鞣N句子成分句子成分中。中。1.作定語作定語2.作表語作表語4.作狀語作狀語3.作賓補(bǔ)作賓補(bǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去過去分詞分

2、詞 分詞作定語時分詞作定語時，單個分詞作，單個分詞作定語，放在所修飾的詞定語，放在所修飾的詞前面前面，分詞短語則，分詞短語則放所修飾詞的放所修飾詞的后面后面，它，它的作用相當(dāng)于一個的作用相當(dāng)于一個定語從句定語從句。 English is a widely used language. The sleeping boy must be tired. This is the path leading to the school. This is one of the schools built in 1980s.分詞作定語時，被分詞所修飾的名詞就是該分分詞作定語時，被分詞所修飾的名詞就是該分詞的邏

3、輯主語。但現(xiàn)在分詞與邏輯主語之間是詞的邏輯主語。但現(xiàn)在分詞與邏輯主語之間是主動主動關(guān)系，關(guān)系，所表示的動作一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生所表示的動作一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示而過去分詞則表示被動被動關(guān)系，所示動作已經(jīng)完成。關(guān)系，所示動作已經(jīng)完成。There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followedThe Olympic Games, _ in 776 B. C., didnt i

4、nclude women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playingMost of the people _ to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 簡析：該題應(yīng)選簡析：該題應(yīng)選A。測試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)測試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動，等于定語從句被動，等于定語從句 who were invitedThe first textbo

5、oks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 簡析：該題應(yīng)選簡析：該題應(yīng)選D。測試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)測試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動，等于定語從句被動，等于定語從句which were written分詞作表語時，它起著分詞作表語時，它起著形容詞形容詞的作用的作用。分詞作表語時，句子的主語就是該分分詞作表語時，句子的主語就是該分詞的邏輯主語。但現(xiàn)在分詞作表語

6、時，與其邏詞的邏輯主語。但現(xiàn)在分詞作表語時，與其邏輯主語之間是輯主語之間是主動主動關(guān)系，所表示的動作的一般關(guān)系，所表示的動作的一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；而過與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示去分詞則表示被動被動關(guān)系，所示關(guān)系，所示動作已經(jīng)完成。動作已經(jīng)完成。（“令人令人”“”“感到感到”） This news sounds _. A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage 簡析：首先，根據(jù)語法分析可知，待選部分在句中應(yīng)作表語，因簡析：首先，根據(jù)語法分析可知，待選部分在句中應(yīng)作表語，因?yàn)闉?s

7、ounds 在此句中用作連系動詞；再根據(jù)在此句中用作連系動詞；再根據(jù) The news 對于動詞對于動詞 encourage 來說應(yīng)是主動關(guān)系，即這個消息本身就鼓舞人心。因此，來說應(yīng)是主動關(guān)系，即這個消息本身就鼓舞人心。因此，該題應(yīng)選該題應(yīng)選A。 -How did the audience receive the new play? -They got very _. A . excite B . excited C . excitedly D . exciting 簡析：該題應(yīng)選簡析：該題應(yīng)選B。測試他們被那出新戲所打動。測試他們被那出新戲所打動。 -How did Bob do in th

8、e exams this time? -Well, his father seems _ with his results. A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please 簡析：首先簡析：首先, 根據(jù)語法分析可知根據(jù)語法分析可知, 待選部分在句中應(yīng)作表語。待選部分在句中應(yīng)作表語。因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)?seems 在此句中用作連系動詞在此句中用作連系動詞; 再根據(jù)再根據(jù) his father 對于動對于動詞詞 please 來說應(yīng)是被動關(guān)系來說應(yīng)是被動關(guān)系, 即這個結(jié)果使他的父親高興即這個結(jié)果使他的父親高興; 換換言之言之, 他的父親因?yàn)槭艿竭@個結(jié)果的刺激而感到

9、高興。因此他的父親因?yàn)槭艿竭@個結(jié)果的刺激而感到高興。因此, 該題應(yīng)選該題應(yīng)選C。 分詞在復(fù)合賓語中可作賓語補(bǔ)足語，對分詞在復(fù)合賓語中可作賓語補(bǔ)足語，對句子的賓語起句子的賓語起補(bǔ)充或說明補(bǔ)充或說明作用。作用。分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，句子的賓語就是分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，句子的賓語就是該分詞的邏輯主語。但現(xiàn)在分詞與其邏輯主語之間該分詞的邏輯主語。但現(xiàn)在分詞與其邏輯主語之間是是主動主動關(guān)系，所表示的動作一般與句中謂語動詞所關(guān)系，所表示的動作一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示表示的動作同時發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示被動被動關(guān)系，關(guān)系，所示所示動作已經(jīng)完成。動作已經(jīng)完成。The next mo

10、rning she found the man _ in bed, dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 簡析簡析: 首先首先, 根據(jù)語法分析可知根據(jù)語法分析可知, 待選部分在句中應(yīng)作賓補(bǔ)待選部分在句中應(yīng)作賓補(bǔ), 補(bǔ)補(bǔ)充說明賓語充說明賓語 the man; 再根據(jù)賓語再根據(jù)賓語 the man 對于動詞對于動詞 lie 來說應(yīng)來說應(yīng)是主動關(guān)系是主動關(guān)系, 而且而且, lie 這個動作與謂語動詞這個動作與謂語動詞 found 同時進(jìn)行。同時進(jìn)行。因此因此, 該題應(yīng)選該題應(yīng)選A。 -Good morning. Can I help you? -Id like

11、 to have the package _, madam.A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed 簡析簡析: 首先首先, 根據(jù)語法分析可知根據(jù)語法分析可知, 待選部分在句中應(yīng)作賓補(bǔ)待選部分在句中應(yīng)作賓補(bǔ), 補(bǔ)充說明賓語補(bǔ)充說明賓語 the package; 再根據(jù)再根據(jù) the package 對于動詞對于動詞 weigh 來說來說, 只能是被動關(guān)系。因此，該題應(yīng)選只能是被動關(guān)系。因此，該題應(yīng)選D。I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five d

12、ays.A. sail B. sailing C. to sail D. to have sailed 簡析簡析: 該題應(yīng)選該題應(yīng)選B。測試動詞測試動詞 imagine 后要求跟動名詞后要求跟動名詞, Peter 是動名詞的邏輯主語。是動名詞的邏輯主語。If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air _ against your face. A. moved B. moving C. moves D. to move 簡析簡析: 該題應(yīng)選該題應(yīng)選B。測試使役動詞后用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示測試使役動詞后用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓

13、補(bǔ)表示賓語正發(fā)出的動作。賓語正發(fā)出的動作。 分詞作狀語時，一般在句子中作分詞作狀語時，一般在句子中作時間、原因、方式或伴隨等狀語。時間、原因、方式或伴隨等狀語。分詞作狀語時，句子的主語就是分詞作狀語時，句子的主語就是該分詞的邏輯主語。但現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，與該分詞的邏輯主語。但現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，與其邏輯主語之間是其邏輯主語之間是主動主動關(guān)系，所表示的動作一關(guān)系，所表示的動作一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；而般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示過去分詞則表示被動被動關(guān)系，所示關(guān)系，所示動作已經(jīng)完成。動作已經(jīng)完成。 1.European football is played

14、 in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make 簡析：首先，根據(jù)語法分析可知，待選部分在整個句中應(yīng)作狀語；簡析：首先，根據(jù)語法分析可知，待選部分在整個句中應(yīng)作狀語；再根據(jù)再根據(jù) European football 對于對于 make 來說應(yīng)是主動關(guān)系，即歐洲足來說應(yīng)是主動關(guān)系，即歐洲足球使之本身成為一項(xiàng)最受世人歡迎的運(yùn)動。因此，該題應(yīng)選球使之本身成為一項(xiàng)最受世人歡迎的運(yùn)動。因此，該題應(yīng)選A。2._ a reply, he decided to wr

15、ite again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 簡析：該題應(yīng)選簡析：該題應(yīng)選C。 測試非謂語動詞的否定式是在其前直接加測試非謂語動詞的否定式是在其前直接加 not 。若動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前時用非謂語的完成式若動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前時用非謂語的完成式。3.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A.

16、having added B. to add C. adding D. added 簡析：該題應(yīng)選簡析：該題應(yīng)選C。測試現(xiàn)在分詞可以作補(bǔ)充說明的狀語。測試現(xiàn)在分詞可以作補(bǔ)充說明的狀語。4. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing 簡析：該題應(yīng)選簡析：該題應(yīng)選A。測試現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，通過副詞測試現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，通過副詞 angrily 進(jìn)行干擾。若進(jìn)行干擾。若B 答案為答案為

17、 and pointed angrily 時也對。時也對。另外，分詞作狀語時，如果其邏輯主語與整個句子的另外，分詞作狀語時，如果其邏輯主語與整個句子的主語主語不一致不一致時，需要時，需要獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或或 with with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)來替代。來替代。( (此時，也可把該分詞看成介詞的賓語補(bǔ)足此時，也可把該分詞看成介詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語。語。) ) 例例: The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 簡

18、析：很顯然，待選部分的邏輯主語是簡析：很顯然，待選部分的邏輯主語是 his hands，而不是句而不是句子的主語子的主語 The murderer , 而而 his hands 對于動詞對于動詞 tie 來說，只來說，只能是被動承受。因此，該題應(yīng)選能是被動承受。因此，該題應(yīng)選D。 時態(tài)：時態(tài)：_強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行， _ _強(qiáng)調(diào)動作已經(jīng)完成。強(qiáng)調(diào)動作已經(jīng)完成。語態(tài)：語態(tài)：現(xiàn)在分詞側(cè)重于現(xiàn)在分詞側(cè)重于_， 過去分詞側(cè)重于過去分詞側(cè)重于_。 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞過去分詞主動主動被動被動根本區(qū)別根本區(qū)別第四步：分析時態(tài)第四步：分析時態(tài)第一步：辨別第一步：辨別“謂與非謂謂與非謂”第二

19、步：找非謂語的邏輯主語第二步：找非謂語的邏輯主語第三步：判斷語態(tài)第三步：判斷語態(tài)非謂語的非謂語的“有法可依有法可依”1.I cannot understand _ such a well-paid job. A. him to give up B. him to have given up C. his giving up D. his being given up2.Janes summer vacation in England led to _ an Englishman. A. her marry B. her to marry C. her being married D. her

20、marrying 3.She was sad because of _ any chance left. A. there being not B. there not being C. not there being D. there was not4.If you think a letter is too slow, why not _ a telegram? A. try to have sent B. trying to send C. to try to send D. try sending 5.There is no chance _ him today. A. in seei

21、ng B. to seeing C. of seeing D. about seeing 6.I know you like _ . Would you like _ with me now? A. to swim, to swim B. swimming, swimmingC. swimming, to swim D. to swim, swimming7.Before _, the machine must be checked. A. being used B. using it C. being used to D. using 8.To give up _ means _ . A.

22、smoking, stopping smoking B. smoking, to stop smoking C. to smoke, to stop to smoke D. to smoke, stopping to smoke9. What do you think of the book? Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time.A. to read B. reading C. to be read D. being read 10. “What has made you so upset?” “_ my new bike.”A. Lost B.

23、Because of losing C. Since I lost D. Losing 11. I still remember _ to Beijing when I was six.A. to take B. taking C. having taking D. having been taken 12. Some foreigner used to _ on the left in their own countries, but now they have got used to _ on the right in our country.A. driving, drive B. dr

24、ive, drive C. drive, driving D. driving, driving13. He remained _ there, for he grew _ in many things there.A. staying, interesting B. staying, interested C. to stay, interest D. stayed, interested14. It is important for parents and young people to learn how to get through to each other and develop

25、skill in understanding and _.A. being understood B. to be understood C. understand D. understood15. _ more trees is good for health and it is also important to stop waste from factories _ our surroundings. A. To plant, pollute B. Planting, to pollute C. Plant, polluting D. Planting, polluting 16. I

26、would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling 17. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden?A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking18. “The light in the office is still on.” “Oh, I forgot _ .”A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn

27、 it off D. having turned it off19. “I must apologize for _ ahead of time.” “Thats all right.”A. letting you not know B. not letting you knowC. letting you know not D. letting not you know20. It happened _ when I left the station, so I had to wait until the rain stopped.A. to be raining B. to have ra

28、ined C. to rain D. raining 21. _ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A . Given B . To give C . Giving D . Having given22. Climbing mountains was _, so we all felt _. A. tiring ; tired B. tired ; tiring C. tiring ; tiring D. tired ; tired23. The _ morning, the father came into the lone

29、ly house , _ by his naughty boy . A. following ; following B. followed ; followed C. following ; followed D. followed ; following24. _ these pictures, I couldnt help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing and _ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent. A. Seei

30、ng ; seen B. Seen ; seeing C. Seeing ; seeing D. Seen ; seen25. Mrs White was glad to see the nurse _ after her son and her daughter and was also pleased to see children well _ care of in the nursery. A. looked ; taken B. looking ; taken C. looked ; took D. looking ; taking 26. I was fortunate to pi

31、ck up a wallet _ on the ground on the way home, but unfortunately for me, I found my colour TV set _ when I got home. A. lying; stolen B. laying; stealing C. lay; stolen D. lying; stealing27. _ better attention , the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the sky and _ them light. A. Giving; given B. Given; given C.