關(guān)于自考英語和虛擬語氣

1、 1. discipline 2. class performance notes; questions 3. assignments 主觀50%；客觀50% 1. vocabulary and structure 10% 2. cloze 10% 3. reading comprehension 30% 4. spelling 10% 5. word form 10% 6. translation from chinese to english 15% 7. translation from english to chinese 15% 1. vocabulary and expressio

2、ns how to memorize so many new words? how to master the expressions and phrases? 2. grammar how to master the english grammar? 3. passage how to use the passages in the book? 4. how to deal with the exercise? 虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)，所說的是一個條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。英語中的語氣分為陳述語氣、祈使語氣

3、、虛擬語氣三類。 條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實(shí)條件句，一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語氣。 if he doesnt hurry up, he will miss the bus.如果他不快點(diǎn)，他將錯過巴士。( 真實(shí)) if he is free, he will ask me to tell stories.如果他是空閑的，他會要求我講故事。（真實(shí)） if i were you, i would go at once.如果我是你，我馬上就會去。 （我不是你。非真實(shí)，虛擬語氣） if there were no air, people would

4、 die.如果沒有空氣，人就會死亡。（不可能沒有空氣。非真實(shí)，虛擬語氣） 2. 主從句謂語動詞所指時間不同，這叫做錯綜時間條件句，動詞形式應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來調(diào)整。 if they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他們通知過我們的話，我們現(xiàn)在就不會來這里了。 if paul had received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now. (主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句與過去事實(shí)相反) 3.當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were, should, ha

5、d時，if可以省略，這時條件從句要用倒裝語序，即把were, should, had等詞置于句首，這種多用于書面語。 were she here, she would agree with us. had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. should he agree to go there, we would send him there. _, he would not have recovered so quickly. a. hadnt he been taken good care of

6、 b. had he not been taken good care of c. had not he been taken good care of d. had he been not taken good care of 1995 4.識別事實(shí)和假設(shè)混合句 i would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but i was fully occupied the whole of last week.(前半部分為假設(shè)，后半部分是事實(shí)) 5. 含蓄虛擬條件句 非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時

7、不表達(dá)出來，只暗含在副詞、介詞短語、上下文或其他方式表示出來，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句，常用的詞組有but for, without, under more favorable conditions,.或者通過轉(zhuǎn)折詞如，but, otherwise, unfortunately, 分詞短語等 、 but for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的幫助，我們還會在工作呢。 without your instruction, i would not have made such great progress. 要是沒有你的指導(dǎo)，我不會取得如此大的進(jìn)步。

8、we didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we would have telephoned him. born ten days earlier, the boy could have seen his father. _your timely advice, i would never have known how to go about the work. a. unless b. but for c. except for d. not for _enough time and money, the researchers would h

9、ave been able to discover more in this field. a. giving b. to give c. given d. being given （1）if it were not for (與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反) if it had not been for (與過去事實(shí)相反) 相當(dāng)于but for。如： if it had not been for his help (= but for his help), we would not have succeeded. 2)if only謂語動詞視情況選用適當(dāng)?shù)男问健?用法與wish 一樣。 if only th

10、e committee would approve the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible. if only i _play the guitar as well as you! （06 年）年） a would b could c should d might 名詞性從句是指賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。從句的謂語動詞需用(should+)動詞原形表示虛擬。 1. 賓語從句 一想要一想要(desire)二寧愿二寧愿(prefer)三命令三命令(order. command)四建議四建議(advice

11、. suggest. propose)五要求五要求(demand. require. request. ask. insist)中，無論主句謂語動詞為何種時態(tài)，從句的謂語中，無論主句謂語動詞為何種時態(tài)，從句的謂語動詞都用動詞都用：“should + do”。should可以省略?？梢允÷?。 in the past men generally preferred that their wives work in the home. i move that he be discharged for his serious mistake. suggest and insist 2. 在it is.

12、that +主語從句的句型中，中間的形容詞是表情緒.觀點(diǎn)的形容詞或名詞也要用虛擬語氣.如: advisable, desirable, insistent, preferable, urgent, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, essential, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory, possible, probable, proper, vital, advised, arranged, commanded, demanded, desired, ordered, proposed, recomme

13、nded, requested, required, suggested等 it is essential that all these figures be checked twice. it is necessary that he (should) not be sent to school. it is imperative that students _ their term papers on time.（04年）年） a. hand in b. would hand in c. have to hand in d. handed in 3.下列名詞接同位語從句或表語從句時，從句中

14、動詞用虛擬形式： insistence, preference, recommendation, suggestion, proposal, motion, desire, requirement, request, order, necessity, importance, regulation, rule, resolution, understanding。 he left orders that nothing _ touched until the police arrived here.(97年） a. should be b. ought to be c. must be d.

15、would be he put forward his suggestion at the meeting that _(所有的考試應(yīng)該推遲) 方式狀語從句一般由as if, as though 引導(dǎo)，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實(shí)相反，有時也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實(shí)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作“仿佛似的”，“好像似的”。 they completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. 他們完全忽略了這些事實(shí)，就仿佛它不存在似的。（與事實(shí)相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。） he looks as if (

16、as though) he had been hit by lightning. 他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。（與事實(shí)相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。） it looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看來天氣很快就會好起來。（實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性較大，謂語用陳述語氣。） john pretends as if he didnt know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well. (用過去式表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)) the old man looked nervous as though he h

17、ad seen the ghost. (用過去完成式表示與過去相反的事實(shí)) they talked and talked as if they would never meet again (would+動詞原形，表示與將來事實(shí)相反) 1. wish引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 表示現(xiàn)在愿望，從句動詞用過去時 但是當(dāng)用wish表示對過去的事遺憾的時候 賓語從句的謂語需用過去完成時 或would should could might + 現(xiàn)在完成時 對將來的愿望，從句中謂語動詞用would, could, might+原型 although most adopted persons want the righ

18、t to know who their natural parents are ,some who have found them wish that they _ the experience of meeting a.hadnt b didnt have had c.hadnt had d hadnt have 2.一般一般would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的賓語從句常表示與客觀事等之后的賓語從句常表示與客觀事實(shí)不相符的一種愿望，故使用虛擬語氣。實(shí)不相符的一種愿望，故使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為： 過去 had + done 現(xiàn)在 過去時(be 用were ) 將來 過去時(be 用were ) id rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天昨天看過了這場電影。 id rather you were here now. 我倒想你現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在在這兒。 his wife would rather_(他們不再談?wù)撨@件事情) 3. it is (high / about) time that + 主語主語+ 動動詞的過去式詞的過去式/ should + do，即從句用虛擬，即從句用虛擬過去式過去式。 表示早該做什么了。 its high tim