TCPIP協(xié)議原理ChapterIP組播PPT學(xué)習(xí)教案

1、會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)1TCPIP協(xié)議原理協(xié)議原理Chapter IP組播組播單播組播廣播第1頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)共有 90 個(gè)主機(jī)接收視頻節(jié)目R1R3R4R2視頻服務(wù)器 M30 個(gè)30 個(gè)90 個(gè)30 個(gè)30 個(gè)30 個(gè)30個(gè)第2頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)組播組成員共有 90 個(gè)R1R3R4R2視頻服務(wù)器 M組播1 個(gè)組播1 個(gè)1 個(gè)1 個(gè)1 個(gè)組播1 個(gè)1 個(gè)發(fā)送 1 次組播復(fù)制第3頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)第4頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)第5頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)Example: Audio StreamingAll clients listening to the same 8-Kbps audio00.20.40.60.8TrafficMbps12040608

2、0100Number of ClientsMulticastUnicastMulticast Advantages第6頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)第7頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)Corporate BroadcastsDistance LearningTrainingVideo ConferencingWhiteboard/CollaborationMulticast File TransferData and File ReplicationReal-Time Data DeliveryFinancialVideo-On-DemandLive TV and Radio Broadcast to the Desktop第8頁(yè)

3、/共61頁(yè)IP組播編址機(jī)制組播編址機(jī)制組成員關(guān)系協(xié)議組成員關(guān)系協(xié)議組播路由協(xié)議組播路由協(xié)議組播體系結(jié)構(gòu)組播體系結(jié)構(gòu)第9頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)224.0.0.255238.255.255.255239.255.255.255224.0.0.0本地管理組播地址本地管理組播地址用戶(hù)組播地址用戶(hù)組播地址保留組播地址保留組播地址第10頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)第11頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)0000000000000001010111100111008162431D 類(lèi)類(lèi) IP 地址地址這 5 位不使用48 位以太網(wǎng)地址0 1 0 0 5 E表示多播最低 23 位來(lái)自 D 類(lèi) IP 地址第12頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)第13頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)第14頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)

4、128.56.24.34135.27.74.52130.12.14.56130.12.14.43組播組226.15.37.123IGMPIGMPIGMPIGMPR1R4R3R2第15頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)第16頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)第17頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)第18頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)v 報(bào)文類(lèi)型：查詢(xún)，成員報(bào)告，退出報(bào)告。報(bào)文類(lèi)型：查詢(xún)，成員報(bào)告，退出報(bào)告。第19頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)第20頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)H2H2224.1.1.1Report1.1.1.1H1H31.1.1.101.1.1.111.1.1.12rtr-aIGMPv2Joining a Group第21頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)Query1.1.1.1IGMPv21.1.1.101.1.1

5、.111.1.1.12224.1.1.1Report224.1.1.1SuppressedX224.1.1.1SuppressedXH1H2H3IGMPv2Maintaining a Group第22頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)IGMPv21.1.1.11.1.1.2H1H2H31.1.1.101.1.1.111.1.1.12Initially, all routers send out a queryQueryQueryRouter with the lowest IP address is elected querierIGMPQuerierOther routers become non-querier

6、sIGMPNon-Querierrtr-artr-bIGMPv2Querier Election第23頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)Leave to224.0.0.2224.1.1.1Router sends Group-Specific QueryGroup-SpecificQuery to 224.1.1.1A remaining member host sends reportReport to224.1.1.1224.1.1.1Group remains activeH11.1.1.101.1.1.1rtr-aH31.1.1.121.1.1.11H2H2IGMPv2Leaving a Group第24頁(yè)

7、/共61頁(yè)Last host leaves group; sends Leave messageLeave to224.0.0.2224.1.1.1Router sends Group-Specific QueryGroup-SpecificQuery to 224.1.1.1No report is receivedGroup times outH21.1.1.1rtr-aH11.1.1.101.1.1.121.1.1.11H3H3IGMPv2Leaving a Group第25頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)在轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)時(shí)，組播路由器使用數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)的源地址和目在轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)時(shí)，組播路由器使用數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)的源地址和目的地址的地址第26

8、頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)第27頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)第28頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)第29頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)Source151.10.3.21Multicast Distribution TreeExample: RPF CheckingMulticast PacketsRPF Checks fail Packets arrived on wrong interface.第30頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)RPF Check SucceedsRPF Check Succeeds! Unicast Route TableNetwork Interface151.10.0.0/16S1198.14.32.0/24S0204.1.16.0/24E0E0S1S

9、0S2Multicast packet fromsource 151.10.3.21Packet arrived on right interface!S1Forward out of all outgoing interfaces.(i. e. down the distribution tree)RPF Check (cont.)第31頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)RPF Check Fails!RPF Check FailsPacket arrived on wrong interface!E0S1S0S2Multicast acket fromsource 151.10.3.21XDiscard pac

10、ket! Unicast Route TableNetwork Interface151.10.0.0/16S1198.14.32.0/24S0204.1.16.0/24E0S1RPF Check第32頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)第33頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)第34頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)第35頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)Shortest-Path or Source Distribution TreeReceiver 1BEADFSource 1Notation: (S, G) S = Source G = GroupCReceiver 2Source 2Shortest-Path Trees第36頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)Shortest-Path or S

11、ource Distribution TreeReceiver 1BEADFSource 1Notation: (S, G) S = Source G = GroupCReceiver 2Source 2The Tree is per SOURCEShortest-Path Trees第37頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)第38頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)第39頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)Shared Distribution TreeReceiver 1BEADFNotation: (*, G) * = All Sources G = GroupCReceiver 2(RP)(RP) PIM Rendezvous PointShared Tr

12、eeShared Distribution Tree第40頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)Shared Distribution TreeReceiver 1BEADFNotation: (*, G) * = All Sources G = GroupSource 1CReceiver 2Source 2Source Tree(RP)(RP) PIM Rendezvous PointShared TreeShared Distribution Tree第41頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)第42頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)第43頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)第44頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)第45頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)Initial FloodingSourceReceiverMultica

13、st Packets(S, G) state created inevery router in the network!PIM-DM Flood and Prune第46頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)P(yáng)runing Unwanted TrafficSourceReceiverMulticast PacketsPrune MessagesPIM-DM Flood and Prune (cont.)第47頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)SourceResults after PruningReceiverMulticast PacketsFlood and Prune processrepeats every three minut

14、es!(S, G) state still exists inevery router in the network!PIM-DM Flood and Prune (cont.)第48頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)第49頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)ReceiverRP(*, G) JoinShared Tree(*, G) State created onlyalong the Shared Tree.PIM-SM Shared Tree Join第50頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)ReceiverRP(S, G) JoinSourceShared Tree(S, G) Register(unicast)Source Tree(S, G) St

15、ate created onlyalong the Source Tree.Traffic FlowPIM-SM Sender Registration第51頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)ReceiverRPSourceShared TreeSource TreeRP sends a Register-Stop back to the first-hop router to stop the Register process.(S, G) Register-Stop(unicast)Traffic Flow(S, G) Register(unicast)(S, G) traffic begins arrivin

16、g at the RP via the Source tree.PIM-SM Sender Registration (cont.)第52頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)ReceiverRPSourceShared TreeSource TreeTraffic FlowSource traffic flows nativelyalong SPT to RP.From RP, traffic flows downthe Shared Tree to Receivers.PIM-SM Sender Registration (cont.)第53頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)ReceiverRP(S, G) JoinSourceSour

17、ce TreeShared TreeLast-hop router joins the Source Tree.Additional (S, G) State is created along new part of the Source Tree.Traffic FlowPIM-SM SPT Switchover第54頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)ReceiverRPSourceSource TreeShared Tree(S, G)RP-bit PruneTraffic begins flowing down the new branch of the Source Tree.Additional (S,

18、G) State is created along along the Shared Tree to prune off (S, G) traffic.Traffic FlowPIM-SM SPT Switchover第55頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)ReceiverRPSourceSource TreeShared Tree(S, G) Traffic flow is now pruned off of the Shared Tree and is flowing to the Receiver via the Source Tree.Traffic FlowPIM-SM SPT Switchover (cont.)第56頁(yè)/共61頁(yè)ReceiverRPSourceSource TreeShared Tree(S, G) traffic flow is no longer needed by the RP, so it Prunes