物理名詞中英文對(duì)照小表

1、物理名詞中英文對(duì)照小表機(jī)械振動(dòng) mechanical vibration簡(jiǎn)諧振動(dòng) simple harmonic oscillation振幅 amplitude周期 period頻率 ferquency赫茲 hertz單擺 simple pendulum受迫振動(dòng) forced vibration共振 resonnance機(jī)械波 mechanical wave介質(zhì) medium橫波 transverse wave縱波 longitudinal wave波長(zhǎng) wavelength超聲波 supersonic wave阿伏加德羅常數(shù) Avogadro constant布朗運(yùn)動(dòng) Brown matio

2、n熱運(yùn)動(dòng) thermal motion熱力學(xué)能 thermal energy內(nèi)能 internal energy熱力學(xué)第一定律 first law of thermodynamics能量守恒定律 law of conservation of energy熱力學(xué)第二定律 second law of thermodynamics各向同性 isotropy各向異性 anisotropy單晶體 single crystal(monocrystal)多晶體 ploycrystal表面張力 surface tension毛細(xì)現(xiàn)象 capillarity液晶 liquid crystal電荷 electri

3、c charge電荷量 queantity df electricity正電荷 positive charg負(fù)電荷 negative charg庫(kù)侖定律 Coulomb law靜電感應(yīng) electrostatic induction 感應(yīng)電荷 inducde charge元電荷 elementary charge電荷守恒定律 law of conservation of charge庫(kù)侖（電荷單位） coulomb電場(chǎng) electric fileld電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度 electric field strength電場(chǎng)線(xiàn) electric potential電勢(shì) electric potential電勢(shì)

4、差/電壓 electric potential difference伏特 volt電容 capacitance電容器 capacitor法拉（電容單位） farad電流 electric current安培（電流單位） ampere電阻 resistance歐姆（電阻單位） ohm電動(dòng)勢(shì) electormotive force(e.m.f.)半導(dǎo)體 semiconductor超導(dǎo)體 superconductor磁性 magnetism磁場(chǎng) magnetic field磁感線(xiàn) magnetic induction line安培定則 Ampere rule安培力 Ampere force磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度

5、 magnetic induction左手定則 left-hand rule洛倫茲力 Lorentz force磁通量 magnetic flux電磁感應(yīng) elctromagnetic induction感應(yīng)電流 induction current感應(yīng)電動(dòng)勢(shì) induction electromotive force電磁感應(yīng)定律 law of electromagnetic induction右手定則 right-hand rule自感 self-induction交流 alternating current瞬時(shí)值 instantaneous value峰值 peak value有效值 eff

6、ective value電感 inductance變壓器 transformer電能 electric energy電磁場(chǎng) electromagnetic field電磁波 electromagnetic wave雷達(dá) radar光線(xiàn) light ray平行光 parallel light實(shí)象 real image虛象 virtual image 折射 refaction 入射角 incident angle反射角 reflection angle折射角 diffraction angle折射率 diffraction index全反射 total reflection臨界角 critical

7、 angle光導(dǎo)纖維 optical fiber棱鏡 prism色散 dispersion光譜 spectrum波的衍射 diffraction of wave波的干涉 interference of waves紅外線(xiàn) infrared ray紫外線(xiàn) ultraviolet rayX射線(xiàn) X-ray電磁波譜 electromagnetic effect光電效應(yīng) photoelectric effect光子 photon普朗克常數(shù) Planck constant波粒二象性 wave-particle duality概率波 probability wave物質(zhì)波 matter wave激光 laser電子 electron質(zhì)子 proton中子 neutron核子 nucleon同位數(shù) isotope原子核 nucleus能級(jí) energy level基態(tài) ground state激發(fā)態(tài) excited state躍遷 transition放射性 radioactivity射線(xiàn) ray射線(xiàn) ray射線(xiàn) ray衰變 decay核反應(yīng) nuclear reaction核能 nuclear e