5年高考3年模擬——冠詞

1、冠詞冠詞冠詞的泛指、特指、類指、專指冠詞的泛指、特指、類指、專指泛指：首次提到的，不限定的人或事物特指：上文已提到過(guò)的人或事物，或被限定性修飾語(yǔ)在其后加以限定的人或事物，或說(shuō)話雙方心中默認(rèn)的特定人或事物類指：具有共同性質(zhì)或典型特征的一類人或事物專指：某一類別中的一員或一部分具體事物。最?？甲畛？继刂福禾刂福簍he . 表示說(shuō)話人所默認(rèn)的事物表示說(shuō)話人所默認(rèn)的事物泛指：泛指：a/an + 可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞 零冠詞零冠詞 + 不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞 表示某個(gè)表示某個(gè)沒(méi)有指明具體事物沒(méi)有指明具體事物一、冠詞的類指一、冠詞的類指1. the + 單數(shù)名詞 指整個(gè)類別，以區(qū)別另一個(gè)類別e.g. The c

2、ar goes faster than the bike.2. a/an + 單數(shù)名詞 側(cè)重指此類別中任何一個(gè)的特點(diǎn)e.g. A tiger is a type of very large fierce wild cat that has yellow fur with black bands across.3. 零冠詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞 側(cè)重指此類別中的許多個(gè)體e.g. Farmers are busy in autumn.練習(xí)：1. _ panda is one of the remaining endangered animals in the world.2. Mike sel

3、dom asks _ questions in class.4. the + 形容詞/分詞 指某一類人或事物e.g. the old the young the living the dying (現(xiàn)在分詞） the wounded（過(guò)去分詞）5. the + 復(fù)數(shù)民族詞匯 指某一國(guó)家的人e.g. The Chinese are hard-working.*有些民族詞匯有兩種復(fù)數(shù)形式，如： the English, the Englishmen the French, the Frenchmenthe English，the Englishmen都可以表類指the Englishmen還可以表

4、專指e.g. The French/Frenchmen are romantic. （類指） The Frenchmen are playing tennis now. （專指）練習(xí)：1. _ use a knife and fork in their meals. 英國(guó)人吃飯時(shí)使用刀叉。2. _ in the dining hall are having supper now. 餐廳里的英國(guó)人現(xiàn)在正在吃晚餐。二、不定冠詞二、不定冠詞(a, an)的用法的用法（表泛指）（表泛指）1. 以輔音音素開頭的單詞前用a 以元音音素開頭的單詞前用ane.g. a university a Europea

5、n car an hour an X-ray an ugly man練習(xí)：1. I earn 10 dollars _ hour as _ supermarket cashier on Saturdays.2. The teacher asked us to write _ 800-word-long composition.2. 表示one, the same, a certain或everye.g. I will return in a day or two. ( = one ) They are of an age. ( = the same ) A Mr. Smith is waiti

6、ng for you outside. ( = A certain 某個(gè)) I teach two hours a day. ( = every )練習(xí)：1. Theres _ dictionary on _ desk by your side. 2. It is still believed that _ graduate from _ well-known university is more likely to find a job.3. Believe it or not, Tom, Jack and Rose are of _ age. 3. 由動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化來(lái)的不可數(shù)名詞，如： know

7、ledge, collection, understanding后面加of短語(yǔ)時(shí)，前面用不定冠詞a/an練習(xí)：1. He has _ fine collection of paintings. 2. Their affair is _ public knowledge.3. You need _ specialized knowledge to do this job. 4. 與不定冠詞連用的習(xí)語(yǔ)，如： have a cold; have a good/happy time; have a gift for; have a word with; in a hurry; once in a wh

8、ile; at a loss; for a while; once upon a time; all of a sudden; with a score of; at a distance; have a population of; a waste of; a matter of; have/take a rest; have a holiday; get a lift/ride; go on a diete.g. This picture looks beautiful at a distance. Tom, I want to have a talk with you. 練習(xí)：1. I

9、dont want to have words with you. I preper to have _ word with you. 2. _ W(w)ord came that the president would inspect them.3. The power supply was cut off. All of _ sudden, the lights went out.4. China has _ rather larger population than Canada. 5. For them friendship is mostly _ matter of providin

10、g emotional support and spending time together. 5. 不定冠詞的特殊位置 quite/rather + a/an ( + adj ) + 單數(shù)名詞 what/such/half + a/an + 單數(shù)名詞 so/as/too/how/however + adj. + a/an + 單數(shù)名詞 many a/an + 單數(shù)名詞 not a/an + 單數(shù)名詞e.g. He is quite a kind guy. He is as great a man as ever lived. However clever a student he is, h

11、e should follow the teachers instruction now.練習(xí)：1. What an interesting book I have read! _ _ _ book I have read! 2. This dress is twice as expensive as that one. This is twice _ _ _ dress as that one 3. That was a quite extraordinary experience. That was _ _ _ experience. 三、定冠詞三、定冠詞(the)的用法的用法1. 用在姓

12、氏復(fù)數(shù)前，表一家人。e.g. The Greens are at table. The Chens are going to move to Langfang.2. 用在年代、朝代名詞及逢十的數(shù)詞（表某個(gè)年代）前。e.g. the Tang Dynasty the Spring and Autumn Period 春秋時(shí)期 in the 1990s3. 用在表量度單位的名詞前，表示“每一”。e.g. I have hired the car by the hour. Eggs are sold by the dozen.練習(xí)：1. The diet is measured in _ calor

13、ies, while the food is sold by _ pound. 2. The cost of this product is calculated by _ weight.4. 句型“動(dòng)詞 + sb. + 介詞 + the + 身體某一部位”中的the不可用人稱/物主代詞代替。e.g. take sb. by the arm hit sb. in the face 此外，句型“be + adj. + 介詞 + the + 身體某一部位”中的the也不可用人稱/物主代詞代替.e.g. be red in the face be lame in the right leg be b

14、lind in the eye 5. 固定搭配e.g. make the most/best of in the daytime in the end in the habit of not in the least (= not at all) on the spot練習(xí)：1. Many people are still in _ habit of writing silly things in _ public places.2. He was hit by a falling tree and killed on _ spot.6. 定冠詞的特殊位置：在名詞詞組中，定冠詞一般放在最前面，

15、但名詞詞組中如果有exactly, just, half, double, twice, all, both, of等修飾時(shí)，定冠詞要放在這些詞后面。e.g. exactly the same color just the right place half the story double the amount四、零冠詞的用法四、零冠詞的用法1. 不可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指，用零冠詞。e.g. Father went to his doctor for advice about his heart trouble. Horses are useful animals練習(xí)：1. He likes

16、 to talk on the phone while I prefer writing _ letters.2. Polar bears live mostly on _ sea ice.3. _ W(w)ater in the well is sweet.2. 請(qǐng)牢記以下用零冠詞的口訣： 月、季、星期、節(jié)假、洲，月、季、星期、節(jié)假、洲， 稱呼、頭銜、職務(wù)前；稱呼、頭銜、職務(wù)前； 三餐、球類、慣用語(yǔ)，三餐、球類、慣用語(yǔ)， 學(xué)科、棋類名詞前。學(xué)科、棋類名詞前。e.g. A year can be divided into four seasons - spring, summer, autum

17、n and winter. He has no lessens on Sundays. Mr. Li is chairman of the meeting. （表示稱呼、頭銜的名詞作表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用零冠詞。）3. 系動(dòng)詞turn（變成）后面的單數(shù)名詞作表語(yǔ)，用零冠詞。e.g. Has he turned scientist?4. “零冠詞 + 單數(shù)名詞 + as/though + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)，主句”，意為“雖然/盡管，但是”。e.g. Hero as he is, he has some shortcomings.練習(xí)：英譯漢1. Young man as he is, he has

18、 seen much of the world.2. Diligent student as he was, he didnt pass the exam.5. 用在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的某一形式中。e.g. The teacher came in, book in hand ( = with a book in his hand / hoding a book in his hand / a book held in his hand).6. 用在固定短語(yǔ)中。e.g. pen and ink（筆墨） master and servant（主仆） at noon/dawn/daybreak/dusk/

19、night in use/danger/public on second thoughts練習(xí)：1. His daughter is always shy in _ public and she never dares to make a speech to _ public.2. The little girl is very happy, _ flower on _ head.3. He turned _ politician many years ago.五、冠詞的活用五、冠詞的活用1. 抽象名詞具體化時(shí)，被具體化的名詞可能會(huì)與a/an連用。e.g. a pleasure/a failu

20、re/a pressure His new book was a great success. Oh, John. What a pleasant surprise you gave us!練習(xí)：1. I didnt think my chance of _ success were very good.2. The gift came as _ complete surprise to me.3. He expressed _ surprise that no one had offered to help.4. Of her plays, there were successes and

21、one was _ failure.2. 形容詞比較級(jí)前用定冠詞表示“兩者中較的”，而形容詞比較級(jí)前用不定冠詞，表示“再/更”。e.g. Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? most前用定冠詞表示“三者或三者以上中最的”，most前用不定冠詞，并無(wú)比較含義，most等于very。e.g. It is a most useful book. ( a very useful )練習(xí)：1. This pair of shoes is not fit for me. Would you show me _ bigger pair?2. H

22、e is _ most diligent student in his class.3. If there were no examinations, we should have _ much happier time at school.3. “the + 序數(shù)詞”表排序，“a/an + 序數(shù)詞”不表示排序，而表“又一、再一”； 序數(shù)詞修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)，不必與冠詞連用。e.g. Can you give me a second chance? (another chance) He was only 5 years old when I first saw him. (adv.)練習(xí)：1. He

23、 has failed twice, but he wants to have _ third try.2. She is _ second of the ten.4. 表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物的名詞，前面一般加定冠詞，但如果此類名詞有修飾成分，也可加a/an。e.g. the moon a full moon練習(xí)：1. _ sun rises in _ east and sets in _ west.2. Everyone needs _ friendly world.5. 零冠詞的用法是相對(duì)而言的，在不同的句子中，可能會(huì)用到不定冠詞或定冠詞。用哪種冠詞視情況而定。e.g. Autumn i

24、s the harvest season. The organization was founded in the spring of (the year) 2010.練習(xí)：_ S(s)pring follows _ winter.6. 高考中常見的純不可數(shù)名詞： buggage(luggage), furniture, health, weather, fun, space(太空), advice, word(=news), progress, information,news 以上不可數(shù)名詞永遠(yuǎn)不能與不定冠詞連用。e.g. Beyond the stars, the astronaut s

25、aw nothing but space.練習(xí)：1. Good job! Youve made _ progress.2. It was a wonderful time. We had _ fun drinking _ tea.7. 西洋樂(lè)器名詞前往往用定冠詞，但是當(dāng)此類名詞用作普通名詞時(shí)，可以與不定冠詞連用。此外，中國(guó)樂(lè)器名稱前不用冠詞。e.g. play the piano; play the violin play erhu（二胡） He is playing a borrowed violin.練習(xí)：1. David starts his day by playing _ violi

26、n.2. I have no money to buy _ new violin.8. 一般情況下，不含普通名詞的純專有名詞前不用冠詞。e.g. Beijing New York 但是1）在江河、湖泊、海洋、山脈、群島、海峽、海灣、運(yùn)河前用the。e.g. the Changjiang River the Hudson River the West lake 2）在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前用the。e.g. the Great Wall the Summer Palace 3）有一些地名，如果是以純專有名詞開頭的，一般不用冠詞，但如果是以普通名詞開頭的，一般用定冠詞。e.g. Beijing

27、 University the University of Beijing練習(xí)：1. There are a lot of lakes in China. But _ West Lake is the most beautiful one, I think.2. _ Forbidden City is a famous place for foreigners to visit.9. 有無(wú)冠詞的區(qū)別。 go to school 去上學(xué) go to the school 到學(xué)校去（不一定是去上學(xué)）go to/be at church 去做禮拜/在做禮拜go to/be at the church 去/在教堂（不一定是做禮拜）go to bed 就寢，上床睡覺(jué)go to the bed 向床走