綜合英語(yǔ)2Unit4Reading1(2)

1、A New English CourseBook Unit 4DreamsDaydreamingPara. 3-41. Whats daydreaming?2. What sort of people show particular interest in daydream research?3. When is one most likely to daydream?4. How does daydreaming affect us positively?1. Whats daydreaming?Daydreaming is a kind of wishful thinking that o

2、ccurs when inner needs cannot be expressed in actual behaviour.2. What sort of people show particular interest in daydream research?Psychologists show particular interest in daydream research.3.When is one most likely to daydream?One is most likely to daydream when the world outside does not meet hi

3、s needs, or when he is motivated to do something but cannot realize his goals.4. How does daydreaming affect us positively?Daydreaming can build cognitive and creative skills and can help people get through difficult situations.psychologists (line 11) Note 16The prefix “psycho-” relates to the mind

4、and mental process. psycho- 表示表示“靈魂靈魂”，“精神精神”，“心理心理”psychological adj. 心理學(xué)的心理學(xué)的psychologically adv. 心理上地心理上地psychoanalysis n. 精神分析精神分析psychoanalyst n. 精神（心理）分析學(xué)家精神（心理）分析學(xué)家psychotherapy n. 心理療法心理療法psychobiology n.精神生物學(xué)精神生物學(xué)claim (line 12)v. 聲稱，斷言；索取，認(rèn)領(lǐng)聲稱，斷言；索取，認(rèn)領(lǐng)He claimed that he had done the work w

5、ithout help.他聲稱沒(méi)有得到幫助而完成了這項(xiàng)工作。他聲稱沒(méi)有得到幫助而完成了這項(xiàng)工作。Does anyone claim this umbrella?有沒(méi)有人認(rèn)領(lǐng)這把傘？有沒(méi)有人認(rèn)領(lǐng)這把傘？motivate (line 13)vt. 使有動(dòng)機(jī)，促動(dòng)，激發(fā)使有動(dòng)機(jī)，促動(dòng)，激發(fā)How do you motivate people to work hard and efficiently?你是怎樣激勵(lì)大家?jiàn)^發(fā)高效地工作的？你是怎樣激勵(lì)大家?jiàn)^發(fā)高效地工作的？motivation n. 動(dòng)機(jī)；動(dòng)力動(dòng)機(jī)；動(dòng)力Your motivation for doing something is what

6、causes you to want to do it.Para. 3 一些心理學(xué)家相信白日夢(mèng)是一種癡心妄想，一些心理學(xué)家相信白日夢(mèng)是一種癡心妄想，當(dāng)內(nèi)心的需求無(wú)法通過(guò)實(shí)際行動(dòng)來(lái)表達(dá)的當(dāng)內(nèi)心的需求無(wú)法通過(guò)實(shí)際行動(dòng)來(lái)表達(dá)的時(shí)候就發(fā)生了。他們宣稱當(dāng)外部世界無(wú)法時(shí)候就發(fā)生了。他們宣稱當(dāng)外部世界無(wú)法滿足我們的需求，或當(dāng)我們主動(dòng)去做一些滿足我們的需求，或當(dāng)我們主動(dòng)去做一些什么卻無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)時(shí)，我們就會(huì)做白日什么卻無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)時(shí)，我們就會(huì)做白日夢(mèng)夢(mèng)by contrast (line 15) 相比之下；與之相反相比之下；與之相反By contrast, Mary is more diligent than

7、Tom.相比之下，瑪麗比湯姆勤奮得多。相比之下，瑪麗比湯姆勤奮得多。n. 對(duì)比，對(duì)照；差異對(duì)比，對(duì)照；差異the contrast between town and country城鄉(xiāng)差別城鄉(xiāng)差別v. 對(duì)比；形成對(duì)照對(duì)比；形成對(duì)照 She contrasted the situation then with the present crisis.她將當(dāng)時(shí)的情況和目前的危機(jī)進(jìn)行對(duì)比。她將當(dāng)時(shí)的情況和目前的危機(jī)進(jìn)行對(duì)比。stress (line 15)n. 重音重音； 強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào)； 壓力壓力Give stress to the 2nd syllable.重讀第二音節(jié)重讀第二音節(jié)。Worry over

8、 his job put him under a great stress.憂慮自己的工作使他陷于過(guò)分的緊張中憂慮自己的工作使他陷于過(guò)分的緊張中。stress vt. 強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào), 重讀重讀They also stress the need for improved employment opportunities, better transport and health care.他們同時(shí)也強(qiáng)調(diào)需要增加就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，改善交通和他們同時(shí)也強(qiáng)調(diào)需要增加就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，改善交通和醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)。Sit down, she replied, stressing each word. “坐下，坐下，”她

9、一字一頓地說(shuō)道她一字一頓地說(shuō)道。stressful adj. 有壓力的有壓力的a tiring and stressful job 一份辛苦緊張的工作一份辛苦緊張的工作get though (line 17)I think you can get through the first two chapters. 我想你能完成前兩章我想你能完成前兩章。get through difficult situations走出困境走出困境I cant get through to this number.這個(gè)電話我打不通這個(gè)電話我打不通。Did you have to get through an ent

10、rance examination? 你必須要通過(guò)入學(xué)考試嗎你必須要通過(guò)入學(xué)考試嗎？1. 完成（任務(wù)完成（任務(wù)）I think you can get through the first two chapters. 我想你能完成前兩章我想你能完成前兩章。2. 度過(guò)，熬過(guò)（困難或不快的時(shí)期度過(guò)，熬過(guò)（困難或不快的時(shí)期）get through difficult situations 走出困境走出困境3. 用電話聯(lián)系上用電話聯(lián)系上 I cant get through to this number.這個(gè)電話我打不通這個(gè)電話我打不通。4. 通過(guò)通過(guò)(考試考試)；及格；及格 Did you have

11、to get through an entrance examination? 你必須要通過(guò)入學(xué)考試嗎你必須要通過(guò)入學(xué)考試嗎？relief (line 19) n. 寬慰，安心寬慰，安心I breathed a sigh of relief.我如釋重負(fù)地松了口氣我如釋重負(fù)地松了口氣。n. (疼痛或苦痛的疼痛或苦痛的)解除，免除，減輕，緩解解除，免除，減輕，緩解 This brought considerable relief from the pain. 這相當(dāng)大地緩解了疼痛這相當(dāng)大地緩解了疼痛。relieve vt. 解除；緩解解除；緩解We were relieved to hear th

12、at she was out of danger.聽(tīng)說(shuō)她脫險(xiǎn)了聽(tīng)說(shuō)她脫險(xiǎn)了, 我們的心才放下來(lái)我們的心才放下來(lái)。Para. 4 相反，另外一些心理學(xué)家強(qiáng)調(diào)了白日夢(mèng)和相反，另外一些心理學(xué)家強(qiáng)調(diào)了白日夢(mèng)和幻想的積極價(jià)值。其中一位提出做白日夢(mèng)幻想的積極價(jià)值。其中一位提出做白日夢(mèng)可以建立認(rèn)識(shí)與創(chuàng)造技能，幫助人們走出可以建立認(rèn)識(shí)與創(chuàng)造技能，幫助人們走出困境。他們指出做白日夢(mèng)幫助了戰(zhàn)俘從折困境。他們指出做白日夢(mèng)幫助了戰(zhàn)俘從折磨和囚禁中生存下來(lái)。她的觀點(diǎn)啟示白日磨和囚禁中生存下來(lái)。她的觀點(diǎn)啟示白日夢(mèng)和幻想可以是建設(shè)性的，提供了一種舒夢(mèng)和幻想可以是建設(shè)性的，提供了一種舒緩日?，F(xiàn)實(shí)緩日?，F(xiàn)實(shí)(通常是不愉快的通常

13、是不愉快的)的方法，同時(shí)的方法，同時(shí)也是一種減輕內(nèi)心緊張和外部挑釁的方式。也是一種減輕內(nèi)心緊張和外部挑釁的方式。Para. 5-61. How is daydreaming related to personality type?Three daydream patterns have been identified and they are closely linked to personality type.2. Do most daydreamers have personality problems?No, most daydreamers have no personality pr

14、oblems.3. Which pattern of daydreaming fits the majority of people?The third pattern of daydreaming, which involves a range of positive and accepting feelings, fits the majority of people.vary (line 23) vi. 變化變化, 呈現(xiàn)不同呈現(xiàn)不同The text varies from the earlier versions. 這一文本與較早的版本有些不同這一文本與較早的版本有些不同。Opinion

15、s on this point vary.對(duì)這一點(diǎn)看法各異對(duì)這一點(diǎn)看法各異。various adj. 各種不同的各種不同的, 各種各樣的各種各樣的variation n.變化變化, 變動(dòng)變動(dòng)(的程度的程度)variety n.品種品種, 種類種類Para. 5盡管心理學(xué)家在白日夢(mèng)對(duì)個(gè)體的價(jià)值方面盡管心理學(xué)家在白日夢(mèng)對(duì)個(gè)體的價(jià)值方面并未達(dá)成一致，然而對(duì)于它們的發(fā)生頻率并未達(dá)成一致，然而對(duì)于它們的發(fā)生頻率卻幾乎沒(méi)有分歧。大多數(shù)人每天做白日夢(mèng)，卻幾乎沒(méi)有分歧。大多數(shù)人每天做白日夢(mèng)，特別是在就寢時(shí)間。有趣的是，常常做白特別是在就寢時(shí)間。有趣的是，常常做白日夢(mèng)的人報(bào)告說(shuō)每次白日夢(mèng)的內(nèi)容都大相日夢(mèng)的人報(bào)告

16、說(shuō)每次白日夢(mèng)的內(nèi)容都大相徑庭。徑庭。unique (line 25)adj. 唯一的，僅有的；獨(dú)一無(wú)二的，獨(dú)特的唯一的，僅有的；獨(dú)一無(wú)二的，獨(dú)特的Each persons signature is unique.每個(gè)人的簽名都是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的。每個(gè)人的簽名都是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的。The tranquil beauty of the village scenery is unique.這鄉(xiāng)村景色的寧?kù)o是絕無(wú)僅有的這鄉(xiāng)村景色的寧?kù)o是絕無(wú)僅有的。characterize (line 27)v. 描述（人或物）的特性；具有描述（人或物）的特性；具有的特征的特征The first pattern of daydre

17、ams is characterized by considerable mind wandering and short-lived rather than extensive daydreams. 第一種類型的白日夢(mèng)特點(diǎn)是一閃即逝、天馬第一種類型的白日夢(mèng)特點(diǎn)是一閃即逝、天馬行空的神游，不會(huì)持續(xù)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間行空的神游，不會(huì)持續(xù)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。characteristicn. 特性，特征，特色特性，特征，特色The characteristics of a person or thing are the qualities or features that belong to them and make

18、 them recognizable.Genes determine the characteristics of every living thing. 基因決定每個(gè)生物的特征基因決定每個(gè)生物的特征。character n. 1. 性格，品質(zhì)性格，品質(zhì)He has a changeable character.他性格多變他性格多變。2. (小說(shuō)、戲劇中的小說(shuō)、戲劇中的)人物人物, 角色角色the characters in Charles Dickens novels狄更斯小說(shuō)中的人物狄更斯小說(shuō)中的人物3. 文字；字符文字；字符Chinese character漢字漢字brood (line

19、 33)v. 孵蛋；沉思；焦急地考慮孵蛋；沉思；焦急地考慮She constantly broods about her family. 她一直為她的家人擔(dān)憂她一直為她的家人擔(dān)憂。It is time for hens to brood.該是母雞孵蛋的時(shí)候了該是母雞孵蛋的時(shí)候了。riddle (line 33)n. 謎謎;謎語(yǔ)謎語(yǔ) A riddle is a puzzle or joke in which you ask a question that seems to be nonsense but which has a clever or amusing answer. Lets hav

20、e fun: English riddles1.It is so weak that little wind can move it. It is so strong that you cut it with a knife and leave no trace. 2. The more you take, the more you leave behind. 3. There is a green round house. Inside the green round house is a smaller white house. In the white house is a red ho

21、use. And living in the red house are lots of little black babies. 4. Why did the little boy throw the butter out of the window?It is so weak that little wind can move it. It is so strong that you cut it with a knife and leave no trace. What is it? Water.The more you take, the more you leave behind.

22、What is it? Footprint.There is a green round house. Inside the green round house is a smaller white house. In the white house is a red house. And living in the red house are lots of little black babies. What it is? Watermelon.Why did the little boy throw the butter out of the window?To see the butte

23、rfly.riddle (line 33)n. 謎謎;謎語(yǔ)謎語(yǔ) v. （用子彈）把（用子彈）把打得到處是洞，使?jié)M是彈孔打得到處是洞，使?jié)M是彈孔 The darkness saved me from being riddled with bullets. 處黑暗中讓我不至于被子彈打得渾身是洞。處黑暗中讓我不至于被子彈打得渾身是洞。be riddled with self-doubt：be full of self-doubt; be completely lacking in belief in oneself and in ones abilities易陷入自我懷疑之中易陷入自我懷疑之中sel

24、f-doubt (line 33)n. 缺少自信，自我疑惑缺少自信，自我疑惑Self-doubt is a lack of confidence in yourself and your abilities. category (line 37)n. 類型，部門(mén)，種類，類別，類型，部門(mén)，種類，類別，They fall into different categories. 他們屬于不同的類別。他們屬于不同的類別。There are different categories of books in a library. 圖書(shū)館里有各種不同種類的書(shū)籍。圖書(shū)館里有各種不同種類的書(shū)籍。Para. 6雖然

25、每個(gè)白日夢(mèng)的特定內(nèi)容與每個(gè)人一樣是雖然每個(gè)白日夢(mèng)的特定內(nèi)容與每個(gè)人一樣是惟一的，但是有三種白日夢(mèng)的類型被確認(rèn)了。惟一的，但是有三種白日夢(mèng)的類型被確認(rèn)了。這些類型與人格類型緊密相關(guān)。第一種類型這些類型與人格類型緊密相關(guān)。第一種類型的白日夢(mèng)特點(diǎn)是一閃即逝、天馬行空的神游，的白日夢(mèng)特點(diǎn)是一閃即逝、天馬行空的神游，不會(huì)持續(xù)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。這些白日夢(mèng)往往是不愉不會(huì)持續(xù)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。這些白日夢(mèng)往往是不愉快和可怕的。那些做這種類型白日夢(mèng)的人每快和可怕的。那些做這種類型白日夢(mèng)的人每天很多時(shí)候都神思恍惚，但盡管如此，他們天很多時(shí)候都神思恍惚，但盡管如此，他們對(duì)自己做的白日夢(mèng)的內(nèi)容并沒(méi)有一個(gè)清晰的對(duì)自己做的白日夢(mèng)的內(nèi)容并沒(méi)

26、有一個(gè)清晰的認(rèn)識(shí)。他們也很難將注意力集中于任何一件認(rèn)識(shí)。他們也很難將注意力集中于任何一件特定的事物上。特定的事物上。Para. 6第二種白日夢(mèng)的類型也與不愉快的情感有關(guān)，第二種白日夢(mèng)的類型也與不愉快的情感有關(guān)，例如自我懷疑、負(fù)罪感、恐懼失敗、生氣或例如自我懷疑、負(fù)罪感、恐懼失敗、生氣或?qū)λ藨延袛骋?。那些連續(xù)不斷經(jīng)歷此類白對(duì)他人懷有敵意。那些連續(xù)不斷經(jīng)歷此類白日夢(mèng)的人易焦慮，易陷入自我懷疑之中。第日夢(mèng)的人易焦慮，易陷入自我懷疑之中。第三種被確認(rèn)的白日夢(mèng)類型涉及一系列正面和三種被確認(rèn)的白日夢(mèng)類型涉及一系列正面和接納性的情感。做此類白日夢(mèng)的人關(guān)注于為接納性的情感。做此類白日夢(mèng)的人關(guān)注于為將來(lái)作計(jì)劃

27、和他們?nèi)穗H關(guān)系的細(xì)節(jié)。他們看將來(lái)作計(jì)劃和他們?nèi)穗H關(guān)系的細(xì)節(jié)。他們看起來(lái)沒(méi)有嚴(yán)重的情感問(wèn)題，而是以一種建設(shè)起來(lái)沒(méi)有嚴(yán)重的情感問(wèn)題，而是以一種建設(shè)性的方式做白日夢(mèng)。對(duì)于大多數(shù)人而言，他性的方式做白日夢(mèng)。對(duì)于大多數(shù)人而言，他們做的大多數(shù)白日夢(mèng)屬于這一類。們做的大多數(shù)白日夢(mèng)屬于這一類。Letter Writing Ending and Complimentary CloseA. Ending The ending of a letter varies with different intentions.Try to match the intentions listed in Column A wit

28、h the letter endings listed in Column B. 新編英語(yǔ)教程（第三版）第二冊(cè)新編英語(yǔ)教程（第三版）第二冊(cè)Unit 4 DreamBa. I hope this will not greatly inconvenience you.b. I look forward to seeing you soon.c. I wish you every success.d. I hope youll get well soon.e. I wish you every happiness on the coming something trip.f. Please reme

29、mber me to your mother.g. I hope you wont mind my not going.h. Ill be waiting anxiously for an early reply.A 1. expressing wishes for a quick recovery2. expressing good wishes 3. expressing desire to see the addressee 4. apologetic for asking a favour Try to match the intentions listed in Column A w

30、ith the Try to match the intentions listed in Column A with the letter endings listed in Column B.letter endings listed in Column B. 新編英語(yǔ)教程（第三版）第二冊(cè)新編英語(yǔ)教程（第三版）第二冊(cè)Unit 4 DreamA 5. expressing ones regrets at not doing6. expressing goodwill about a journey 7. expressing anxiety about getting an early re

31、ply8. sending regards to someoneBa. I hope this will not greatly inconvenience you.b. I look forward to seeing you soon.c. I wish you every success.d. I hope youll get well soon.e. I wish you every happiness on the coming something trip.f. Please remember me to your mother.g. I hope you wont mind my

32、 not going.h. Ill be waiting anxiously for an early reply. 新編英語(yǔ)教程（第三版）第二冊(cè)新編英語(yǔ)教程（第三版）第二冊(cè)Unit 4 DreamB. Complimentary CloseThere are several kinds of complimentary close. The choice of the appropriate one depends on the relationship between the addresser and the addressee. 新編英語(yǔ)教程（第三版）第二冊(cè)新編英語(yǔ)教程（第三版）第二冊(cè)Unit 4