被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之二特殊句型篇

1、中考被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)-特殊句型篇目 錄一.復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的八種時(shí)態(tài)二.特殊句型和動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)簡(jiǎn)單句的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)雙賓語(yǔ)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句祈使句肯定否定短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 (包括動(dòng)介和動(dòng)副兩種)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞附：課堂練習(xí)學(xué)案內(nèi) 容一.復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的六種時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：amisarepp 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：waswerepp 一般將來(lái)時(shí)：shall will be pp 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have has been pp 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：amisarebeingpp 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：should would be pp （含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞bepp）小測(cè)驗(yàn)： Chinese _ by the largest number of peo

2、ple Aspeak Bis speaking Cspeaks Dis spoken （2002長(zhǎng)沙） The boy _ to get supper ready after school Awere told Bis telling Cwas told Dtells （2002四川眉山） A lot of new roads _ built in the west of China Amust Bmust be Chas Dhave 二.特殊句型和動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)簡(jiǎn)單句的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在這講開(kāi)始之前我們先一起復(fù)習(xí)一下以前學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)的簡(jiǎn)單句的六種基本結(jié)構(gòu)：1）主 + 動(dòng) + 表（SVP）例如：John i

3、s busy.約翰忙.2）主 + 動(dòng)（SV）例如：I work.我工作.3）主 + 動(dòng) + 賓（SVO）例如：She studies English.她學(xué)英語(yǔ).English is studied by her.4）主 + 動(dòng) + 間賓 + 直賓（SVOiOd）例如：My mother made me a new dress.我母親給我做了一件新衣裳. I was made a new dress by my mother.a new dress was made for me by my mother.5）主 + 動(dòng) + 賓 + 補(bǔ)（SVOC）例如：Time would prove me r

4、ight.時(shí)間會(huì)證明我是對(duì)的.I would be proved right by time.1.S+VT+OWe visited the factory.The factory was visited by us.2.雙賓語(yǔ)主 + 動(dòng) + 間賓 + 直賓（SVOiOd）例如：主動(dòng)句：I gave Tom a pencil.被動(dòng)句：Tom was given a pencil (by me).被動(dòng)句：A pencil was given _ Tom (by me).主動(dòng)句：I bought Tom a pencil.被動(dòng)句：Tom was bought a pencil (by me).被動(dòng)句

5、：A pencil was bought _ Tom (by me).注意：1.由to還是for連接間接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞由to連接間接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞,側(cè)重動(dòng)作的方向。表示“朝著，向著，對(duì)著某人。”由for連接間接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，側(cè)重動(dòng)作的受益者。表示“為了某人，替某人?！奔瓤捎蓆o也可由 for連接間接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞pass, give, show, tell, lend, take; post, return, sell, send, write, bring, throw, feed, read, promise, offer, refuse, teach ,hand,buy, cook, get, sin

6、g, make; choose, pick, find, save, order, book ,leave, call, fetchdo, get, read,sing, play2.下面幾種情況,通常要用介詞to或for引起的短語(yǔ)：當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞（itthem）時(shí).如：The watch is Li Leis. Please give it to him.這塊手表是李雷的.請(qǐng)把它給他.當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語(yǔ)時(shí).如：Mother cooks breakfast for us every day.母親每天都為我們做早飯.當(dāng)間接賓語(yǔ)比直接賓語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)時(shí).如：On the bus, he often giv

7、es his seat to an old person.在公共汽車(chē)上,他經(jīng)常把座位讓給老人.3.復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)首先讓我們回顧一下以前學(xué)習(xí)的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)：英語(yǔ)中,有些及物動(dòng)詞接賓語(yǔ)后還需接賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的有關(guān)情況,這樣意思才完整.賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)合稱(chēng)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ).常用句型為：主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ).O+VT+O+OC可用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的有名詞、形容詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式等.一 . 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是名詞、形容詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1.接名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有call, name, think ,make等.如：We call them mooncakes.我們把它們叫作

8、月餅.They are called mooncakes by us.2.接形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有make, keep, think, find等.如：At first I found Chinese hard.開(kāi)始的時(shí)候,我發(fā)現(xiàn)漢語(yǔ)很難.At first Chinese was found hard by me.3. 接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有watch, see, hear ,find, keep等.如：In the country, he can hear birds singing.在農(nóng)村,他能聽(tīng)到鳥(niǎo)兒歌唱.In the country, birds can be

9、heard singing by him.4. 接介詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有find, keep, take等.如：The boy found his pen on the floor.這個(gè)男孩在地板上找到了他的鋼筆.His pen was found on the floor by the boy.二.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)通常分為下面三種情況：1）接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有tell, want, ask, wish, teach等.如：Tell him to come here the day after tomorrow.告

10、訴他后天到這里來(lái).He is told to come here the day after tomorrow.2）接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有hear, see, watch, let, make等.如：He made us laugh.他使我們大笑.We are made to laugh by him.3）接帶to或不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的是help.如：She often helps her mother（to）do some housework.她經(jīng)常幫母親做家務(wù)活.Her mother is often helped （to）do some

11、housework by her.雙賓語(yǔ)和復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別: 可用下面方法來(lái)判斷一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞所帶的是雙賓語(yǔ)還是復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)：如果賓語(yǔ)與其后的成分之間存在著邏輯上的主謂或主表關(guān)系,則該動(dòng)詞接的是復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),否則就是雙賓語(yǔ). 賓語(yǔ)從句帶有賓語(yǔ)從句的句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，通常用it作為被動(dòng)句的形式主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)從句則變成了主語(yǔ)從句。此結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)候可以改為“主語(yǔ)+be+pp+to do”形式。Eg: People say that water is all around the city. Its said that water is all around the city.Water is said to all

12、around the city.They saw that Tom has got the first place in the exam.-It is said that Tom has got the first place in the exam.-Tom is said to have got the first place in the exam.祈使句肯定主動(dòng)句V+ O :Empty the rubbish bin at once.被動(dòng)句Let + O+ Be+ PP: Let the rubbish bin be emptied at once.否定主動(dòng)句Dont +V+O：Do

13、nt tell the truth to him.被動(dòng)句Dont +let +O+be+PP：Dont let the truth be told to him.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 (包括動(dòng)介和動(dòng)副兩種)不及物動(dòng)詞不能跟賓語(yǔ)，因此不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但不及物動(dòng)詞與介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，可以有賓語(yǔ)，因而也可以用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。要注意的是，這樣的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，在變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)不可丟掉構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)的介詞或副詞，如look at, look for, look after, take care of, take off, send for等。例如：We must take good ca

14、re of the young trees()The young trees must be taken good care of()注意：由被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)本身即是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式，不需再加by.如：be covered with be interested inbe made of/from be surprised at情態(tài)動(dòng)詞We can easily download music from the Internet.Music can be easily downloaded from the Internet.附：課堂練習(xí)學(xué)案1.主謂賓句型的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：2含雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸?/p>

15、動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，有兩種方法： 將間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，直接賓語(yǔ)保持不變； 將直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，間接賓語(yǔ)用介詞to或for引導(dǎo)。例如： He told us a story（變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） We were told a story（by him）或：A story was told to us by him Her mother gave her a new pen（變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） She _ _ _ _ _ by her mother A new pen _ _ _ her by her mother 3.復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):一般變法復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)變主動(dòng)，只變賓語(yǔ)“補(bǔ)”不動(dòng)，原來(lái)“賓補(bǔ)”變“主補(bǔ)”，名稱(chēng)變了位不動(dòng)

16、。當(dāng)主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中含有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，即“賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”時(shí)，變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)只將賓語(yǔ)變成主語(yǔ)，而賓補(bǔ)原地不動(dòng)，只不過(guò)成了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：We all heard the boy crying. The boy _ crying (by us all).The teacher asked the students to come early.The students _ to come early (by the teacher).The advertiser (報(bào)幕員) always makes the audience happy.The audience is always _ by the a

17、dvertiser.The man beat the boy black and blue. The boy _ black and blue (by the man).特殊變法：復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中含有使役、感官動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：see, watch, notice, look at, observe(五看)；let, have, make(三使役)；hear, listen to(二聽(tīng))；feel(一感覺(jué))；help(半幫助，因?yàn)楹竺娴膖o可要可不要)。在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中，其賓補(bǔ)是不帶to的不定式，但變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，賓補(bǔ)已變成主補(bǔ)，因此不定式的符號(hào)to要恢復(fù)。例如：I saw him go

18、there. He _ to go there (by me).We heard him sing in the next room just now.He was heard _ in the next room just now (by us).She makes her daughter play the piano every day.Her daughter _ play the piano every day (by her).He often _ his sister cry but this time he was _ to cry by his sister. (make)They observed Jim go home. Jim _ to go home (by them).【記憶口訣】五看加上三使役，二聽(tīng)一感半幫助；動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)，切記to詞要?jiǎng)h除；如果賓補(bǔ)變主補(bǔ)，注意to詞要恢復(fù)。【注】notice，watch和have不常用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。let后跟單音節(jié)不定式做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)可不帶to。例如：We were let go. 但我們通常說(shuō)：We were allowed to go.4.賓語(yǔ)從句的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)They said that he had gone abroad to study Eng