高中英語語法非謂語動(dòng)詞精講精練

1、非謂語動(dòng)詞指在句子中不是謂語的動(dòng)詞，主要包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞），非謂語動(dòng)詞除了不能獨(dú)立作謂語外，可以承擔(dān)句子的其他成分。 動(dòng)詞ing及物動(dòng)詞（do)不及物動(dòng)詞（go)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式doingbeing donegoing完成式having done having been donehaving goneeg:v1.I saw them playing chess under the tree.v2.The problem being discussed now is very important.v3.Having finished my work,I

2、sat down to rest.v4.Having been there three times,he knows the city well.v一般式的主動(dòng)語態(tài)：表示主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，V-ing的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之后或與主句謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生v一般式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：表示被動(dòng)進(jìn)行，V-ing的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之后或與主句謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生v完成式的主動(dòng)語態(tài)：表示主動(dòng)完成，V-ing的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前v完成式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：表示被動(dòng)完成，V-ing的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前v注：V-ing的完成式不能作定語。V-ing所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞講一、作主語v1.直接作主語veg:1.Seeing i

3、s believing.v2.Smoking isnt allowed here.v2.用it作形式主語vits no use/useless(做是沒用的)/no good/no help/a waste of time +doingveg:Its no use waiting here.二、作表語v直接作表語。veg:1.Her job is teaching English.v2.Her hobby is collecting stamps.v3.The srory is interesting.v4.The news is disappointing.三、作定語v位置：單個(gè)v-ing作定

4、語放在所修飾的名詞之前，V-ing短語作定語放在所修飾的名詞之后。v1.V-ing表示所修飾詞的用途veg:a swimming pool游泳池va sleeping bag睡袋va washing machine洗衣機(jī)v2.V-ing形式說明所修飾的人或物的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，在功能上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句，可以改寫成一個(gè)定語從句。veg:1.The boy standing there is my classmate.v=The boy who is standing there is my classmates.v2.the boiling water=the water which is boil

5、ing.v3.The machine _(use) is made in Shanghai.=vThe machine which is used is made in Shanghai.v3.表示人的心理活動(dòng)和思想情感的動(dòng)詞（interest/excite/surprise/move/astonish/satisfy/fighting),但是由于人的情緒變化而引起的表情、聲音等的變化，用V-ed形式。veg:1.This is an_(interest) story.v 2.I am_(interest）in the_( interest ) film.v3.There was an _(e

6、xcite) look on his face.四、作賓語補(bǔ)足語v1.作感官動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語vfeel/listen to/taste/smell/hear/see/watch/notice/observev紅色詞語用法一致（以see為例）vsee+賓語+do 看見某人做某事的全過程vsee+賓語+doing看見某人正在做某事vsee+賓語+done看見某事被做vsee+賓語+being done看見某事被做veg:1.I hear him_(sing) a song in the next room.v2.He heard his name_(call).v3.(1)I notice the

7、m_(repair) the car.v(2)I notice the car_(repair).v3.The missing boy was seen_by the river.vA.playing B.to be playing C.play D.playedv4.When I was young,I prefer to watch the train_(pull)in and out.v5.I smell something _(burn)in the kitchen .Can I call you back in a while.v2.作使役動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語vhave+賓語+done使

8、某事被做v +do讓某人做某事v + doing讓某人一直做某事vget sb to do sth讓某人做某事vget sth done讓某事被做vget sb/sth doing讓某人、某事一直做veg:1.Go and have your hair cut.v2.I try me best to have/get the car running.v3.I have Mary clean the room.vleave sb/sth +adj. 主動(dòng)v +doing 表主動(dòng)關(guān)系v +done 表被動(dòng)關(guān)系veg:1.Dont leave the door open.v2.She left he

9、r baby crying.v3.Dont leave the work half done.v使處于某種狀態(tài)vkeep sb/sth+v使處于某種狀態(tài)vdoing主動(dòng)關(guān)系vdone被動(dòng)關(guān)系vn.vadj.vprep.veg:1.Im sorry to have kept you_(wait) for me so long.v2.He kept his hands_(clean)in his pocket.v3.They kept their marrige a secret.v4.The coat will keep you warm.v5.His illness kept him in b

10、ed for several days.vstart sb/sth doing使開始.veg:The smoke started her coughing.vcatch sb doing=sb be caught doing撞見某人做某事veg:1.The teacher caught him_(sleep) in the class.vsend sb/sth doing 由于外力或外因而使發(fā)生veg:The earthquake sent them rushing out of the room.vset sb/sth doing 讓XX處于某種狀態(tài)vmake sb do讓某人做某事=sb

11、be made to do vmake oneself done 使某人自己被vmake+賓語+n./adj.veg:1.When you speak,be sure to make yourself_(understand).v2.His gift made her very happy.v3.We made him our monitor.vfind+賓語+doing表主動(dòng)關(guān)系v +done表被動(dòng)關(guān)系v +adj.v +n.veg:1.We found him an honest man.v2.We found the door locked.v3.When I came in,I fou

12、nd him_(lie) on the ground.v4.After a long search,we found the missing boy safe.發(fā)現(xiàn)、發(fā)覺五、作賓語v作某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語v建議完成很在意，喜歡實(shí)踐提建議，寬恕考慮對(duì)報(bào)道，承認(rèn)允許有感激，不喜歡逃避和耽擱，想象理解別錯(cuò)過。vsuggest,finish,mind enjoy,practise,advise forgive/excuse,consider,report admit,allow/permit,appreciate dislike,avoid/escape,delay imagine/fancy,under

13、stand,missvforbid禁止 bear/stand忍受 risk冒險(xiǎn) resist抵抗 keep vcouldnt help doing禁不住做某事v do不能幫助做某事veg:1.Keep_(practise,say)language.v2.He was lucky he missed _(catch).v3.When I heard the funny story,I couldnt help_(laugh).v4.No one would like to risk_(ride)in a ballon.v2.做動(dòng)詞短語后的賓語vdevote to奉獻(xiàn)于 look forward

14、to期待vstick to堅(jiān)持 pay attention to注意 lead to導(dǎo)致 object to反對(duì) get/be used to習(xí)慣于.vget down to開始認(rèn)真做某事 refer to提及，涉及，查閱v3.用it作形式賓語vmake/find/think/suppose/consider/believe+it+no use/no good/no help/useless+doingveg：I think it useless arguing with him.v4.六、作狀語v1.位于句首或句尾，通常有逗號(hào)與主句隔開，考慮分詞與主句主語之間的關(guān)系，如果是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用V-i

15、ng,如果是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用V-ed.v2.通常情況下，主句的主語是分詞的邏輯主語。v3.可作時(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨、結(jié)果、讓步狀語。veg:1.Walking in the street,I saw a friend of mine.v=When I was walking in the street,I saw a friend of mine.v2.Opening the door,I found nobody in.v=When I opened the door,I found nobody in.v3._(see)from the hill,I can see the whole ci

16、ty.v4._(see)from the hill,the whole city looks beautiful.v2.原因狀語veg:1.Because he was ill,he had to stay at home.v=Being ill,he had to stay at home.v2.Because you are a student,you must study hard.v=Being a student,you must study hard.v3._I couldnt go to school in my childhood.vA.Poor B.Being poor C.

17、To be poorv3.條件狀語veg:1.If you turn left,you will find the post office.v=Turning left,you will find the post office.v2.Standing on the hill,we will see the whole city.v=We will see the whole city if we stand on the hillv4.讓步狀語.veg:1.Though he is very rich,he is unhappy.v=Being very rich,he is unhappy

18、.v2.Having been told many times,he didnt know how to do it.v=Though he had been told many times,he didnt know how to do it.v5.伴隨狀語.veg:1.Mr.Smith came into the room and he followed some students.v=Mr.Smith came into the room,following some students.v2.Mr.Smith came into the room and he was followed

19、by some students.v=Mr.Smith came into the room,followed by some students.v3.The secretary worked late into the night,_(prepare) a long speech for the president.v6.結(jié)果狀語:現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，分詞的動(dòng)作是主語造成的結(jié)果，謂語動(dòng)詞和分詞有因果關(guān)系。veg:1.The rain lasted a week so that it caused many problems.v=The rain lasted a week_(cause)ma

20、ny problems.v2.He was caught in the rain,_(have) a cold.七、復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)v1.作賓語v人稱代詞賓格、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞普通格、名詞所有格+doingveg:Do you mind me/my/Marry/Marrys sitting here.v2.作主語v形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格+doingveg:Tom/My getting up late made the boss angry.八、分詞的否定式在V-ing前直接加notveg:1.Not knowing what to do,he turned to his teacher f

21、or help.v2.Toms not getting up early made his mother angry.九、獨(dú)立主格v 若分詞的邏輯主語和主句的主語不一致，則在分詞前加上本身的邏輯主語，形成獨(dú)立主格。vn./pron.+doning 表主動(dòng)v n./pron.+done 表被動(dòng)veg:1.When he was lying there,we went away.v=He_(lie)there,we went away.v2.The meeting_over,we all left the room.vA.is B.being C.was D.werev3.Weather perm

22、itting,we will go swimming tomorrow.v=If weather permits,we will go swimming tomorrow.vwith+賓語+doing 表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行v +done 表被動(dòng)完成v +to do 表將來，可用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)v +adj.v +adv.v +prep.veg:1.We are seated with Mr.Wang standing up.v2.We went home with our homework finished.v3.We will have 71 students with XiaoHong to come.v

23、4.The newly-elected president will have a hard time with many problems to solve.v5.The teacher came in with a book in his hand.v6.He likes to sleep with the windows open.v7.Some students like to talk with the calss on.vThere being表示有veg:There was no bus,so we had to walk home.v=There being no bus,we

24、 had to walk home.v如果表示人的身體的某一部位的名詞做分詞的邏輯主語，則及物動(dòng)詞用ed,不及物動(dòng)詞用ing.veg:1.He lay there,his eyes_(look) at the sky.v2.He came in ,his hands_(tie)behind.v3.She sat there with her eyes_(fix)on the picture.十v當(dāng)主句前有and、but、or、so、therefore等連詞時(shí)，不能選現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞，可選一個(gè)完整的句子或祈使句。veg:(1)_tired,he couldnt walk any farther

25、.v(2)_tired,his legs hurt.v(3)_tired,so he couldnt walk any farther.vA.Being B.He being C.He wasv(2)_,he didnt go to school.vA.Being ill B.His mother being ill C.As he was ill D.all the abovev(3)_nothing to do , he went out.v Since_nothing to do, he went out.vA.being B.there being C.there was十一、分詞的慣

26、用語v1.judging from/by 根據(jù)判斷v2.talking of. 談到v3.adv.(generaly,exactly,strictly,frankly(坦白)+speaking .的說v4.joking apart 言歸正傳v5.given (that)如果veg:1.Generaly speaking the book is not difficult.v2.Judging from her accent,she must be from Hunan.v1. Though I have often heard this song _, I have never heard y

27、ou _ it.vA. being sung; sang B. sang; singing vC. sung; sing. D. to be sung; to singv2. It was so cold that they kept the fire _ all night.vA. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned. v3. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. vA. put B. to be puttingC. to putD. pu

28、tting.v4. Did you meet anyone _ at the party?vNo, in fact, I found the party rather _.vA. interesting; boring B. interested; boring.vC. interesting; bored D. interested; boredv5. The salesman scolded the girl caught _ and let her off.vA. to have stolen B. to be stealingvC. to steal D. stealing.v6. D

29、ont leave the water_ while you brush your teeth.vA. run B. running. C. being run D. to runv7. The _ boy was last seen _ near the East Lake.vA. missing; playing. B. missing; playvC. missed; played D. missed; to playv8. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. vA. smoke B. smo

30、king. C. to smoke D. smokedV-edv1.及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞既表示被動(dòng)又表示完成，不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞只能表示完成。v2.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式和過去分詞兩者都可以表示完成和被動(dòng)，但是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前（時(shí)間性非常強(qiáng)），而過去分詞時(shí)間性不強(qiáng)?，F(xiàn)在分詞的完成主動(dòng)式及其被動(dòng)式不能作定語。veg:1. If heated, water is changed into vapour. v2. Having been shown around the lab, the guests were taken to see the library.

31、 v3.否定式：在過去分詞前直接加notv 在過去分詞前加un(unknown,unfinished,undone)veg:Not allowed to come in,he had to wait outside.v4.作定語。v位置：單個(gè)分詞作定語，放在所修飾的名詞前。分詞短語作定語，放在所修飾的名詞后。v 功能：相當(dāng)于定語從句veg: a broken cup=a cup which was broken.v a vase broken by a boy=A vase which was broken by a boy.v 注：定語：done表被動(dòng)完成v being done 表被動(dòng)正在

32、完成根據(jù)上述4點(diǎn)填空v1.The castle_(build) in 1812 is under repair.v2.The building _(build)now is our school.v3.The building_(build)last year is our school.v4.The book_(belong) to Marry is lost.v5.Is there anybody here_(invite) to the party were.v6.Most of the artist_(invite)to the party were Germans.v5.作狀語。v主

33、句的主語一定是分詞的邏輯主語。v過去分詞可以表時(shí)間.、原因.、條件、讓步.、伴隨veg:1. Exhausted, the children fell asleep at once . v2. Asked many times, I told him the secret. v3. Laughed at by many people ,he continued his study. v注：狀語 donev having been done時(shí)間性強(qiáng)v being done被動(dòng)進(jìn)行vbe done作狀語后置定語veg:1.Lost in thought,he almost ran into the

34、 car in front of him.v2.The young man stressed in black.v2.The professor came in _(follow) by a lot of students.v3.The students came in_(follow) their teacher.To do(動(dòng)詞不定式）v一、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式to doto be done進(jìn)行式to be done 完成式to have doneto have been done完成進(jìn)行式to have been done v1.動(dòng)詞不定式的一般式表示動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)

35、詞之后。veg:I hope to see you next week.v2.動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式表示動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前。veg:Chakes Babbage is considered to have invented the first computer.v3.動(dòng)詞不定式的進(jìn)行式表示動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)作與主語謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生。veg:When the teacher came in, some students pretended to be studying.v4.動(dòng)詞不定式的完成進(jìn)行式表示動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前，并一直進(jìn)行著。veg:She is said

36、 to have been writing the novel about New York for years.v二、否定式：在不定式之前直接加vnot 構(gòu)成：not to do sthveg:1.His mother told him not to make noises.v2.Some students promised the teacher not to talk during the class.v三、動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)vfor sb to do sthv of sb to do sth 區(qū)別：adj.(stupid/silly/kind/nice/wise/clever) 形容

37、詞是描述人的品質(zhì)的時(shí)候用of.veg:1.Do you think it important_(of/for)us to learn English.v2.I think it very kind_(of/for)you to do so.v特殊疑問詞+to doveg:I dont know what to do.vI dont know how to it.v四、句法功能v1.作主語：表示一次性具體動(dòng)作。veg:1.To see is to belive.v2.To serve the people is our duty.vIt is/was+adj. for sb to do sth.

38、vIt is/was+adj. of sb to do sth 某人做。真是太。樣了veg:1.Its very kind of you to help me.v2.Its important for us to learn English.vit is/was+n.+to do 是。樣的veg:1.Its an honour to be invited.v2.Its a pleasure to study English.vIts time for sb to do sthv that S should dov that S V-ed 是某人做某事的時(shí)候了vIts ones turn to

39、do sth輪到某人做某事了veg:Its your turn to clean the room.vIt takes/took sb 時(shí)間/金錢 to do sth 做某事花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間/金錢veg:It takes me 15 minutes to walk to school.v2.作表語：具體的或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的動(dòng)作，通常情況下主表位置可以互換。veg:1.My aim is to go to school.v2.To go to college is my aim.v3.This problem remains to be solved.v3.作定語：n.+to do表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。v

40、eg:1.I have a lot of work to do tonight.v2.Give me something to drink.v3.I have a letter to post.v表示某人是第幾位做某事vthe + 序數(shù)詞+to doveg:1.He is the first person to finish the job.v2.He is always the first to come and the last to leave.v不定式與所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但不定式動(dòng)詞又為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面需加上相應(yīng)的介詞。但如果中心名詞是place、time、way時(shí)，介詞可省略。

41、veg:1.Theres nothing to worry_.v2.I have no chair to sit_.v3.They found a house to live_.v4.They have no difficulty finding a place to live_.v4.作賓語：動(dòng)詞：want to /plan to / hope .veg:I want to eat an apple.vwould like/would love/want/plan/hope/mean/expect/intend to have done表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的打算、希望、意圖等。 veg:1.I me

42、ant to have seen the film but I had a lot of work to do.v2.We would like to have watched TV,but there was no electricity.v動(dòng)詞不定式做介詞（but,except)賓語時(shí)，當(dāng)在but或except前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，其后的動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to可省。veg:1.We had no choice but_(study) abroad.v2.He wanted nothing but_(buy) a ball.v3.He did nothing but _(return) home.

43、v4.They could do nothing but_(wait)for letter to come.vmake/feel/find/think/suppose/consider/believe +it +adj./n.+that/to doveg:1.Most of the students think it difficult to learn English well.v2.He makes it a rule to go to school early.v5.作賓語補(bǔ)足語：動(dòng)詞+sb+to do sthvwant/expect/allow/permit sb to do sthv

44、6.作狀語：作目的狀語 （not）to do/in order (not) to do/ so as (not) to do用于句中veg:1.I got up early not to/in order not to/so as not to miss the train.v2.He went home to see his parents.v作原因狀語：用于表示情感、情緒等詞之后。veg:1.Im sorry to hear that.v2.She was pleased to be given the job.v程度狀語：常用于表示程度的形容詞后（difficult/heavy/easy

45、/hot)veg:1.The soup is hot to drink.v2.The box is heavy to lift.v結(jié)果狀語 vA.如此以至于vso/suchas to=so/suchthatvso+adj./adv. that=so+adj./adv+as to dovsuch+n.+that=such+n.+as to dovso+adj.+a/an+n.+that=so+adj.+a/an+n.+as to dovsuch+a/an+adj.+n.+that=such+a/an+adj.+n.+as to dov如果所修飾的詞是many/few/much/little時(shí)，一定