【步步高】2017高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars素材新人教版必修3

1、Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars話題詞匯1universe n宇宙 2space n太空3spaceship/spacecraft n宇宙飛船4astronaut n宇航員5orbit n軌道6star n恒星7have a great effect on對(duì)有很大影響8make a great difference起很大作用；產(chǎn)生很大影響9change ones life改變某人的生活10benefit from得益于，從獲益經(jīng)典語(yǔ)篇BEIJING，June 20 ()About 330 primary and middle school stu

2、dents at a Beijing high school are eagerly waiting for their teacher to begin a class from the space on Thursday morning.The special lecture will begin in a few minutes，given by female astronaut Wang Yaping，one of the three crew members of Shenzhou­10 spacecraft，through a live video feed system

3、.The students are gathering at the High School Affiliated to Renmin University in Beijing.Before the class，they first watched a short film about the life of Chinese astronauts on board of Tiangong­1 orbiter，which docked with Shenzhou­10 on June 13.More than 60 million students and teachers

4、 at about 80,000 middle schools across the country will also watch the live broadcast of the class on TV.Wang will teach about motion in a microgravity environment，the surface tension of liquid，and help students understand the concepts of weight and mass and Newtons Laws.寫作內(nèi)容1請(qǐng)用約30個(gè)詞概括上面的文章。2結(jié)合該篇報(bào)道，

5、用約120個(gè)詞發(fā)表你對(duì)“探索太空”的看法，包括如下要點(diǎn)：(1)人類在不斷地探索太空；(2)探索太空的不同觀點(diǎn)；(3)我的觀點(diǎn)。寫作要求1可以使用實(shí)例或其他論述方法支持你的論點(diǎn)，也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；2作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱。佳作欣賞This report tells us that more than 60 million students and teachers will attend a special live lecture about physics，which will be given by Wang Yaping，the female

6、 astronaut in Tiangong­1，out of the space.As we all know，since the first landing on the moon，men have never lost their enthusiasm for outer space exploration.Billions of funds have been spent，quite some lives have been sacrificed，and meanwhile secrets of the universe have been gradually discove

7、red.However，peoples views on outer space exploration are greatly different.On the one hand，some people think it is meaningless to allocate large budget to study such issues as whether there are other intelligent beings in outer space.On the other hand，others argue that it is worthwhile to invest tim

8、e and money into the scientific research of outer space because it can help us understand the universe better.Personally，it is necessary to continue exploring outer space because what we learn in outer space can influence the future of the earth.The more we know about the universe，the better we can

9、understand our position as human beings in this planet where we live and thus live harmoniously with nature.思維發(fā)散 1.用分詞形式作定語(yǔ)改寫第句This report tells us that more than 60 million students and teachers will attend a special live lecture about physics，given by Wang Yaping，the female astronaut in Tiangong&#

10、173;1，out of the space.2用it作形式主語(yǔ)改寫第句It is well known that since the first landing on the moon，men have never lost their enthusiasm for outer space exploration.3用it作形式賓語(yǔ)改寫第句On the one hand，some people think it meaningless to allocate large budget to study such issues as whether there are other intell

11、igent beings in outer space.4仿照第句完成句子學(xué)生用于做作業(yè)的時(shí)間越多，獲取知識(shí)的效率就越低。The more hours students spend doing homework，the less effective they will be in gaining knowledge.重點(diǎn)單詞A寫作單詞1system (n.)系統(tǒng)；體系；制度2theory (n.)學(xué)說；理論3exist (vi.)生存；存在4unlike (prep.)與不同；不像5gentle (adj.)溫和的；文雅的6climate (n.)氣候7pull (n.& vt.)拉(

12、力)；拖；牽引力8puzzle (vt.& vi.)(使)迷惑；(使)為難；(n.)謎；難題9violent (adj.)猛烈的；激烈的；強(qiáng)暴的violence (n.)暴力10harmful (adj.)有害的harm (n.& vt.)傷害，損害B閱讀單詞11astronomy (n.)天文學(xué)12atmosphere (n.)大氣層；氣氛13fundamental (adj.)基本的；基礎(chǔ)的14multiply (vi.& vt.)乘；增加15thus (adv.)因此；于是16atom (n.)原子17billion (n.& pron.& adj

13、.)萬億；十億18globe (n.)球體；地球儀；地球19carbon (n.)碳20chain (n.)鏈子；連鎖；鎖鏈21oxygen (n.)氧22gravity (n.)萬有引力；重力23satellite (n.)衛(wèi)星；人造衛(wèi)星24crash (vi.& vt.)碰撞；墜落25spaceship (n.)宇宙飛船26exhaust (vt.)用盡；耗盡；使精疲力盡27float (vt.& vi.)(使)浮動(dòng)；(使)漂?。?n.)漂浮物28religion (n.)宗教；宗教信仰religious (adj.)宗教的29biology (n.)生物學(xué)biologis

14、t (n.)生物學(xué)家30physicist (n.)物理學(xué)家physics (n.)物理學(xué)31extinct (adj.)滅絕的；絕種的extinction (n.)滅絕.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1solar system太陽(yáng)系2in time及時(shí)；終于3give birth to產(chǎn)生；分娩4in ones turn輪到某人5prevent.from阻止；制止6block out擋住(光線)7cheer up感到高興；感到振奮8now that既然9get the hang of熟悉；掌握；理解10break out突發(fā)；爆發(fā)11watch out for密切注意；當(dāng)心；提防.經(jīng)典句式1What it was

15、 to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.隨后它會(huì)變成什么沒有人知道，直到4538億年前，這團(tuán)塵埃才慢慢地形成一個(gè)固體的球狀物。2This produces a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.這產(chǎn)生了連鎖反應(yīng)，使得生命的發(fā)展成為可能。3But when I tried to step forward，I found I was car

16、ried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.但是當(dāng)我試著向前邁步時(shí)，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，并且摔倒在地。4.walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.既然重力改變了，看來走路也的確需要練一練了。 .課文語(yǔ)法填空The earth was just 1.a cloud of dust after the “Big Bang”The earth exploded loudly 2.with fire and rock.They w

17、ere in time to produce many things，which were to make the earths atmosphere.As the earth cooled down，water began to appear on 3.its surface.It allowed the earth to dissolve 4.harmful(harm) gases.Then life began to develop.Small plants multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen.This encour

18、aged the 5.development(develop) of early shellfish and fish.Land animals such 6.as insects，reptiles and dinosaurs appeared after green plants appeared.Small clever animals spread all 7.over the earth.They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,8.which prevents heat from escaping fro

19、m the earth into space.9.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can 10.be solved(solve).1. harmful adj.有害的；造成損害的(1)be harmful to對(duì)有害(2)harm n.& vt.傷害；損害do sb.harmdo harm to sb.傷害某人；對(duì)某人有害There is no harm in doing.做沒有害處。 (1)The drou

20、ght was harmful to the crops.這場(chǎng)干旱對(duì)農(nóng)作物有危害。(2)Fruit juice can do harm to childrens teeth.果汁可能會(huì)損害兒童的牙齒。多維訓(xùn)練(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空Dont believe him.No harm has been done(do) to him ever since.As second­hand smoking is more harmful(harm) and dangerous，people want a total ban against smoking in public.They dont us

21、ually employ untrained workers，but theres no harm in trying(try) your fortune.(2)一句多譯如果使用不當(dāng)，這種藥物會(huì)對(duì)你造成傷害。If used improperly，the medicine will do/cause harm to you/do you harm.(harm n)If used improperly，the medicine will be harmful to you.(harmful)(3)單句改錯(cuò)His film was a complete failure，and this did hi

22、s reputation a lot of harms.harmsharmIt is more harm than good.isdoes/harmharmful2. exist vi.存在；在于(1)exist in存在于之中exist on靠為生There exists/existed.某地有；存在(2)existence n.存在；生存come into existence產(chǎn)生；成立；開始存在in existence存在(3)existing adj.目前的，現(xiàn)存的 (1)The custom of arranged marriages still exists in many coun

23、tries.許多國(guó)家仍然存在著包辦婚姻的習(xí)俗。(2)They cant exist on the money hes earning.他們靠他掙的那點(diǎn)錢無法維持生活。(3)Nowadays，there are still many people wondering when the earth came into existence.現(xiàn)在仍有許多人想知道，地球是何時(shí)產(chǎn)生的。多維訓(xùn)練(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空There exists a good way to solve the existing(exist) problem in geography.This is the oldest Hebrew

24、 manuscript in existence(exist)(2)單句改錯(cuò)It existed different opinions on this question.ItThere3. puzzle vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)為難；n.謎；難題(1)puzzle over/about苦思冥想；絞盡腦汁(2)be in a puzzle (about) (對(duì))不知如何是好(3)puzzling adj.令人迷惑的,(4)puzzled adj.困惑的；感到迷惑的be puzzled about對(duì)迷惑不解 (1)These scientists have been puzzli

25、ng about how to solve the environmental problem.這些科學(xué)家一直苦思如何解決這個(gè)環(huán)境問題。(2)Im in a puzzle as to what to do next.對(duì)于下一步該做什么我不知道。多維訓(xùn)練(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me.He had a puzzled(puzzle) look on his face.His last paintings are perhaps the most puzzling，which even puzzle all th

26、e artists.(puzzle)(2)一句多譯消防員對(duì)這場(chǎng)火災(zāi)的起因困惑不解。The firemen were in a puzzle about the cause of the fire.(puzzle n)The firemen were puzzled about the cause of the fire. (puzzled adj.)4. in time及時(shí)；終于(eventually)；遲早；合拍應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)(1)in time的高級(jí)詞匯為early or late，sooner or later(遲早)；(2)at no time位于句首倒裝on time準(zhǔn)時(shí)；按時(shí)in no

27、time立即，馬上at no time決不at a time一次at one time曾經(jīng)；一度 (1)Brian usually gets home in time to bath the children.布賴恩通常會(huì)及時(shí)趕回家給孩子們洗澡。(2)If you cant arrive there on time，you should warn them.如果你不能按時(shí)到達(dá)，應(yīng)該預(yù)先通知他們。(3)Well do up your car in no time at all.我們很快就能把你的汽車修好。多維訓(xùn)練(1)寫出下列句子中in time的漢語(yǔ)意思Andy knew he could n

28、ot reach the house in time.及時(shí)Youll succeed in time because you are always working hard.遲早The marchers kept in time with the band.合拍(2)用time的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空At no time did I feel they were being unreasonable.I want to be home in time for tea.Youd better do one thing at a time，so that you can concentrate on it.

29、At one time，that kind of thing would have made me really angry.5. cheer up感到高興；感到振奮應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)交際用語(yǔ)中的用法(1)cheer sb.up使某人高興cheer.on為加油(2)cheerful adj.高興的；快樂的(3)Cheers！干杯！ (1)Cheer up！Youre bound to succeed.打起精神來！你一定會(huì)成功的。(2)Paddy was always cheerful and jolly.帕迪總是很高興，很開心。(3)Cheers！With our coffee cups for our

30、 future!以咖啡代酒，為我們的未來干杯吧！多維訓(xùn)練(1)給瑪麗打個(gè)電話，她需要人安慰。Give Mary a call；she needs cheering up.(2)當(dāng)我感到憂傷時(shí)，我的母親就給我講有趣的故事讓我高興起來。When Im feeling sad，my mother tells me funny stories to cheer me up.(3)我們所做的一切都是為了給我們隊(duì)加油。What we had done was to cheer our team on.6. lay v.放置；擱；下(蛋)；產(chǎn)(卵)詞義辨析動(dòng)詞原形意義過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞lie說謊lied

31、liedlyinglie躺；臥；位于laylainlyinglay放置；產(chǎn)卵laidlaidlaying多維訓(xùn)練用lay，lie的正確形式填空(1)The boy lied that the white hen had laid a black egg and that he had laid it in the box which was lying under this bed.(2)Mothers routinely lay babies on their backs to sleep.7. pull n.& vt.拉(力)；牽引(力)多維訓(xùn)練短語(yǔ)填空(1)The train f

32、rom London will pull in at noon.(2)The cinema she used to visit had been pulled down.(3)The driver pulled up at the traffic lights.(4)He is still quite sick，but the doctor is sure he will pull through.(5)I pulled on my running shoes and stepped into the street.8. prevent.from.阻止；抑制；制止多維訓(xùn)練(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空No

33、thing would prevent him from speaking(speak) out against injustice.The laws protect everyone here from being attacked(attack)(2)單句改錯(cuò)He was prevented by illness coming to our birthday party.illness后加fromTo keep warm，he kept the fire from burning all the night.去掉from9. They were in time to produce car

34、bon dioxide，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases，which were to make the earths atmosphere.,最終產(chǎn)生了二氧化碳、氮?dú)?、水蒸氣和其他多種氣體，從而形成了地球的大氣層。句型公式：be to dobe to do有五層意義：(1)表示預(yù)定，意為“預(yù)定”，相當(dāng)于be going to do。(2)表示義務(wù)，意為“應(yīng)該”，相當(dāng)于should。(3)表示可能，意為“會(huì)做”，相當(dāng)于can/could。(4)表示命運(yùn)，意為“注定”(通常用于過去時(shí)，描述過去的事實(shí))。(5)用于if.were to do，引導(dǎo)對(duì)將來的虛擬

35、語(yǔ)氣。 (1)He is to return from Germany tomorrow.他明天將從德國(guó)回來。(2)You are to be back by 9 oclock.你要在9點(diǎn)以前回家。多維訓(xùn)練(1)完成句子你什么時(shí)候回家？When are you to leave for home?她將于下個(gè)月結(jié)婚。She is to be married next month.你應(yīng)該報(bào)警。You are to report to the police.(2)單句改錯(cuò)If he was to play every game，maybe he could be one of the best pl

36、ayers in the world.waswere10.I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.我發(fā)覺我被送出很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。句型公式：倍數(shù)表達(dá)法倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方式：,(1)倍數(shù)as.as.(2)倍數(shù)比較級(jí)than(3)倍數(shù)the size/height/length/width.of.(4)倍數(shù)what從句,(5)倍數(shù)that of. (1)The plane flew ten times as high as the kite.那架飛機(jī)的飛行高度是那只風(fēng)箏的十倍。(2)

37、Beijing is ten times the size of my hometown.北京是我家鄉(xiāng)的十倍大。(3)In our county now the grain output is six times that of before liberation.現(xiàn)在我們縣的糧食產(chǎn)量相當(dāng)于解放前的六倍。多維訓(xùn)練(1)同義句改寫The red ruler is three times as long as the yellow one.The red ruler is twice longer than the yellow one.(用“倍數(shù)比較級(jí)”改寫)The red ruler is t

38、hree times the length of the yellow one.(用“倍數(shù)then.of.”改寫)(2)Its said that the power plant is now twice as large as what it was(以前的兩倍大)11.“Oh dear，” I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”“天啊，”我大聲地說，“既然重力改變了，行走的確需要一些練習(xí)?！本湫凸剑簄ow that引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句now that既然，由于，是連詞詞組，引導(dǎo)原因

39、狀語(yǔ)從句，表示明顯的原因或既成的事實(shí)?？谡Z(yǔ)中that?？墒÷浴?其他表示原因的連詞或介詞短語(yǔ)：(1)because因?yàn)?語(yǔ)氣較重，常用于回答why的疑問)(2)since因?yàn)椋患热?可與now that互換)(3)as因?yàn)?語(yǔ)氣較弱)(4)for因?yàn)?并列連詞，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)分句，不能置于句首，表示進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說明)(5)due to，because of，on account of，owing to，thanks to，as a result of等 (1)Now that the children have known the result，we can tell everyone else.既然

40、孩子們已經(jīng)知道結(jié)果了，我們就可以告訴其他人了。(2)Since weve no money we cant buy a new car.因?yàn)槲覀儧]錢，沒法買新汽車。多維訓(xùn)練(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空Since youre here，why not have a drink?Since it is late，I shall go home now.The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too large.It must have rained last night，for the ground i

41、s wet.(2)單句改錯(cuò)He was angry because what he said.because后加of.語(yǔ)境填詞1Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful(有害的) as well.(2015·江蘇)2The debate between science and religion(宗教) continues to be heated.(2013·陜西)3When we were in the middle of the lake，a strong wind came all of a s

42、udden.The boat was hit violently(猛烈地)(2011·重慶)4This hidden system(系統(tǒng)) works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons(神經(jīng)元) in our brains.(2014·遼寧)5Some experts think reading is the fundamental(基本的) skill upon which school education depends.(2015·安徽).單句語(yǔ)法填空1If we had taken the o

43、ther road，we might have arrived(arrive) here in time for the meeting.(2010·陜西)2This morning，when I was walking on the street，I saw that two travelers were reading a map，looking puzzled(puzzle)(2012·北京)3True creativity is the ability to take something existing(exist) and create something ne

44、w from it.(2014·新課標(biāo)全國(guó))4China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from being attacked(attack) in the South China Sea.(2012·福建)5One night，when I was eight，my mother gently(gentle) asked me a question I would never forget.(2014·

45、;天津)6If they win the final tonight，the team are going to tour around the city to be cheered(cheer) by their enthusiastic supporters.(2011·浙江)7Before a problem can be solved，it must be obvious what the problem itself is.(2011·湖南)8The villagers have already known what well do is to rebuild t

46、he bridge.(2011·江西)9Mrs.White showed her students some old maps borrowed(borrow) from the library.(2010·新課標(biāo)全國(guó))10Listening(listen) to loud music at rock concerts has caused hearing loss in some teenagers.(2010·湖南).短語(yǔ)填空1The destruction of such species could prevent researchers from find

47、ing cures for certain diseases.(2015·陜西)2So we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up.(2014·福建)3In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease.(2011·重慶)4We arrived in the summe

48、r，just in time to enjoy the midnight sun.(2014·四川)5When the news came that the war broke out，he decided to serve in the army.(2011·遼寧)6Watch out for walkers and other bicyclists，and always use your lights in dark conditions.(2012·天津).完成句子1因?yàn)镾uzie不與我們一起吃飯，所以我們沒必要買這么多食物。We neednt have b

49、ought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.(2012·江西)2正在為下一屆亞運(yùn)會(huì)建的新體育館是現(xiàn)在的體育館的3倍大。The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as big as the present one.(2011·陜西)3某些人看作是障礙的東西卻被很多人看作是有利的情況或因素。What some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus

50、 by many others.(2010·北京)4兩年后，父親開始創(chuàng)業(yè)，但進(jìn)展不是很順利。Two years later，Dad started his own business，which wasnt doing so well.(2015·陜西)5她和她的研究小組想知道互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是如何改變記憶的。She and her research team wanted to know how the Internet is changing memory.(2015·安徽)寫作素材(關(guān)于恐龍)1據(jù)說恐龍?jiān)?jīng)是地球的主人。2恐龍?jiān)诘厍蛏洗婊盍撕枚嗄辍?他們生下小恐龍，溫暖

51、的氣候使他們迅速繁殖。4不幸的是，他們未能制止自己的消失。5此后人類就開始統(tǒng)治這個(gè)地球。提示：黑體部分用本單元詞匯表達(dá)，并且請(qǐng)使用It was said that.，prevent.from.等結(jié)構(gòu)。連句成篇(將以上句子連成一篇50詞左右的英語(yǔ)短文)It was said that dinosaurs were once the masters of the earth.They existed on the earth for a long time.They gave birth to young babies and the warm climate helped them multip

52、ly quickly.Unfortunately，they couldnt prevent themselves from disappearing and then it was the turn of the humans to control the earth.閱讀理解AA new planet­hunting technique has detected the most earth­like planet yet around a star other than our sun，raising hopes of finding a space rock that

53、 might support life，astronomers(天文學(xué)家) reported recently.“This is an important discovery to answer the question Are we alone？” said Michael Turner of the National Science Foundation.“The team has discovered the most earth­like planet yet，and more importantly，has proved the power of a new techniq

54、ue that is sensitive(靈敏的) to detecting planets that are fit for people to live on，” Turner said in a statement.In the last decade，astronomers have detected more than 160 planets moving around stars outside our solar system.Most of these have been gas giant planets like Jupiter，which are unfit for li

55、fe.But an international team has detected a cold planet about 5.5 times more massive than the earthstill small enough to be considered earth­likemoving around a star about 20,000 light years away，close to the center of the Milky Way.To find this new planet，the team used a technique called gravi

56、tational microlensing(引力微觀透鏡法)When a planet is circling the closest star，the planets gravity can add its own signature to the light.This kind of light signature was observed on July 11 by a group of telescopes in a project known as OGLE，short for Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment.“The main ad

57、vantage of microlensing is the signals for low­mass planets：Theyre not weak signals.Theyre just rare，” Bennett of the University of Notre Dame in Indiana said by telephone.“If there happens to be a straight line between a foreground star with its planet and the background source star，then youre able to detect that planet.”1The underlined word “detected” in Paragraph