初中英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句型細(xì)致講解PPT課件

1、英語的句子基本成分有七種： 主語（subject） 謂語（predicate） 表語（predicative） 賓語（object） 賓語補(bǔ)足語( objectcomplement) 定語（attribute） 狀語 (adverbial)那他們該怎么放置才好呢？第1頁/共38頁主語：是句子要說明的人或物,可以作主語的成分有名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等，主語一般在句首。注意名詞單數(shù)形式常和冠詞不分家！ 1) Mr. Lee is a well-known scientist.2) He reads newspapers everyday.3) Two and ten is twelve.4

2、) Smoking is harmful to the health.5) To swim in that pool is a great pleasure.6) What we shall do next is not yet decided.第2頁/共38頁謂語: 說明主語的動(dòng)作，狀態(tài)或特征，由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。1) The new term begins on the 1st of September.2) His father is an engineer.3) She seemed happy.4) Li Hua showed me his album. 第3頁/共38頁賓語:指的是及物動(dòng)詞

3、涉及到的人或物. 1) Wang Ling lent me a novel to read in the bus. 2) The medicine is good for a cold. 3) How many pieces do you want? 4) My little sister always likes to ask questions. 5) Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow? 6) He asked me what I was going to do tonight第4頁/共38頁賓語補(bǔ)足語:在賓語后面補(bǔ)充說明 賓語 的動(dòng)作,狀態(tài),特

4、征. 1) The government appointed her chief delegate to the conference. 2) I dont believe the story true. 3) You should put your things in order. 4) The doctor advised her to stay in bed for a week. 5) We saw the pupils playing basketball.第5頁/共38頁表語：是謂語的一部分，它位于系動(dòng) 詞如be之后，說明主語身份，特征，屬性或狀態(tài)。 1)Wangs father

5、is a doctor. 2) He is always careless. 3) The basketball match is on. 4) All the pupils are on the playground now. 5) Our aim is to win more medals. 6) His work is teaching French. 7) The question is who can really repair the machines.第6頁/共38頁定語:是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用的表示。 Tom is a handsome bo

6、y. The two boys are students. His boy needs Toms pen. The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours. The boy needs a ball pen. The best boy here is Tom. There is nothing to do today. The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother. This is the new dictionary which I bought yesterday. 第7頁/共38頁狀語：狀語修

7、飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，說明方式、因果、條件、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、讓步、方向、程度、目的等。 1) She sings quite well. 2) On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 3) He sits there, asking for a pen. 4) The boy needs a pen to do his homework. 5) If I have some spare time, I will take up German.第8頁/共38頁 I met my best friend Tom at the stati

8、on yesterday.主主語語謂謂語語定定語語賓賓語語同同位位語語狀狀語語第9頁/共38頁主語Find out the Subject in the following sentences.1. 1. Jim is reading.Jim is reading.2. 2. How many students passed the exam?How many students passed the exam?3. Who is on duty today?3. Who is on duty today?4. He went shopping yesterday.4. He went shop

9、ping yesterday.5. What does he like?5. What does he like?6. What happened ?6. What happened ? Reading is my interest. Reading is my interest.名詞名詞代代詞詞動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞第10頁/共38頁謂語These boys like swimming. I wrote a letter just now. Mary runs very fast. Those people are talking. We can swim. They dont want to hav

10、e a picnic.He stood up and walked towards me.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)謂語實(shí)義動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)謂語謂語部分謂語部分由and and 連接并列謂語動(dòng)詞第11頁/共38頁賓語Find out the Object in the following sentences.1. 1. You should do it at once.You should do it at once.2. 2. She did nothing .She did nothing .3. 3. I will tell her something.I will tell her something.4.

11、 4. Please give me the book.Please give me the book.5. 5. Uncle Li bought 20 sheep this year.Uncle Li bought 20 sheep this year.6. 6. Tom is reading a book .Tom is reading a book . She enjoys collecting stamps . She enjoys collecting stamps . 代詞充當(dāng)賓語代詞充當(dāng)賓語雙賓語雙賓語名詞充當(dāng)賓語名詞充當(dāng)賓語動(dòng)名詞短語動(dòng)名詞短語第12頁/共38頁定語1. 1.

12、We all like interesting stories.We all like interesting stories.2. 2. The book on the bed is mine . The book on the bed is mine . 3. 3. Do you know that woman?Do you know that woman?4. 4. She wears a red blouse and a white skirt.She wears a red blouse and a white skirt.5. 5. Jim missed the sports me

13、eting last week.Jim missed the sports meeting last week.6. 6. Toms aunt is very rich.Toms aunt is very rich.7. 7. Whose book is it?Whose book is it?8. 8. A good friend is someone who makes me happy.A good friend is someone who makes me happy.第13頁/共38頁賓語補(bǔ)足語1. 1. He called it Mickey Mouse.He called it

14、 Mickey Mouse.2. 2. I saw you out this morning.I saw you out this morning.3. 3. What he did made me angry.What he did made me angry.4. 4. Please put it in the drawer.Please put it in the drawer.5. 5. I found all the windows broken.I found all the windows broken.6. 6. He kept me waiting for half an h

15、our.He kept me waiting for half an hour.7. 7. The manager asked me to buy something.The manager asked me to buy something.第14頁/共38頁找出下列句子中的狀語We usually get up at 6 oclock.There is a cat behind the door.I found a purse on the floor.The next day we did a lot of washing.Because of bad weather, we put o

16、ff the match.時(shí)間狀語地點(diǎn)狀語地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)間狀語原因狀語第15頁/共38頁第16頁/共38頁 英語句子有長在短，有簡有繁，從現(xiàn)象看，似乎千變?nèi)f化，難以捉摸，但從實(shí)質(zhì)看，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，找出其共同規(guī)律。英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。英語五種基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一： + （主謂） 基本句型二： + + （主系表） 基本句型三： + + （主謂賓） 基本句型四： + +IO +（主謂間賓直賓） 基本句型五： + + +（主謂賓賓補(bǔ)） s: subject v: verb P: predica

17、tive o: object (indirect) c: complement第17頁/共38頁基本句型 一 此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，即句子的謂語動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。 這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。第18頁/共38頁 （不及物動(dòng)詞）（不及物動(dòng)詞）1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man4. We all 5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.He10.Theyflies. rose. cooked. eat, and drink.laughed? woke. talked for half an hour

18、.walked yesterday is playinghave gone第19頁/共38頁基本句型 二 此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：句子謂語動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞。系動(dòng)詞分兩類：be, look, feel,smell,taste,soundbe, look, feel,smell,taste,sound等屬一類，表示情況；get, grow, become, get, grow, become, turn,goturn,go等屬另一類，表示變化。be be 本身沒有什么意義, ,只起連系主語

19、和表的作用。其它系動(dòng)詞仍保持其部分詞義另:stay,prove,remain,stand:stay,prove,remain,stand第20頁/共38頁（是系動(dòng)詞）（是系動(dòng)詞）(表語表語)1. This 2. The dinner3. He 4. Everything5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face is smells(聞聞)fell looks is is becameturned an English dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting.w

20、armer. red. 第21頁/共38頁 基本句型 三 此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。第22頁/共38頁（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）(賓語賓語) 1. Who 2. She 3. He 8. He 5. They 6. Danny 7. I 4. He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. donuts.to ha

21、ve a cup of tea. Good morning. 第23頁/共38頁 基本句型 四 此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)：謂語動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直接承受者，另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受者。 通常這一間接承受者用一個(gè)介詞來連接，當(dāng)動(dòng)作的間接承受者在動(dòng)作的直接承受者之前時(shí)，這一介詞往往被省略。第24頁/共38頁（ 必背?。┏щp賓語（直接賓語必背！）常帶雙賓語（直接賓語和間接賓語）的動(dòng)詞（分為和間接賓語）的動(dòng)詞（分為A、B兩兩類）：類）：A：動(dòng)詞后加：動(dòng)詞后加to:give 給給 show給給看看 send寄，打電報(bào)寄，打電報(bào) bring帶帶 read讀讀p

22、ass遞給遞給 lend借給借給 leave留給留給 hand交給交給 tell告訴告訴return把把還給還給 write給給寫信寫信第25頁/共38頁 B: 動(dòng)詞后加for: buy給/為某人買 draw 替/給某人畫 make 為某人制作 【秘訣】 “七給”“一帶”to不少， “買”“畫”“制作”for來了。 【說明】常跟雙賓語的動(dòng)詞“七給”(give, hand，lend, pass, show, send, write)和“一帶”(bring)8個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，在直接賓語前置時(shí)，必須在后面加上to。即：“vt.+sth.+to+sb.”。buy，draw，make三個(gè)動(dòng)詞，在直接賓語前置

23、時(shí)，則必須在后面加for，構(gòu)成“vt.+sth.+for+sb.”句型。第26頁/共38頁（及（及物）物）（多（多指人）指人）（多指物）（多指物）1. She2. She 3. He 8. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 4. He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed himher husband you her him him mea new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to run the machi

24、ne. that the bus was late. 第27頁/共38頁 基本句型 五 此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語，才能使意思完整。第28頁/共38頁（及物）（及物） （賓語）（賓語）（賓補(bǔ)）（賓補(bǔ)）1. We 2. They3. They 4. They5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean.

25、green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back soon. getting on the bus. 第29頁/共38頁（二）（二）第30頁/共38頁 1.They work hard. 主 + 謂 2.The flower is dead. 主 + 系 + 表 3.Plants need water. 主 + 謂 + 賓 4.He gives me some seeds. 主 + 謂 + 直賓 + 簡賓 5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補(bǔ) 6.Many animals live in trees. 主 + 謂第31頁/共38頁分別選出一個(gè)正確鞏固練習(xí):一、給下列各題答案：1.We all work hard at English.A.主語 B.謂語 C.賓語 D.表語2.Betty likes her new bike.A.主語 B.謂語 C.賓語 D.表語3.Her sister is a nurse.A.主語 B.謂語 C.賓語 D.表語第32頁/共38頁 4.Were you at home last night? A.主語 B.狀語 C.賓補(bǔ) D.表語 5.Wi