液晶專業(yè)術(shù)語 (河北工業(yè)大學(xué) 物理專業(yè)資料)

1、河北工業(yè)大學(xué) 應(yīng)用物理學(xué)專業(yè)資料液晶專業(yè)術(shù)語Aa-Si amorphous silicon 以材料結(jié)構(gòu)而言，amorphous的意思是指未結(jié)晶的狀態(tài)。Amorphous silicon膜具有作為半導(dǎo)體材料之特性，可用plasma CVD裝置在400以下的溫度下形成。因此成為使用玻璃基板之主動矩陣（active matrix）方式液晶面板的TFT主力組件材料。 Amorphous means lacking distinct crystalline in material structures term. Amorphous silicon film has the quality that c

2、an be used as material of semiconductor. It can be formed by using plasma CVD equipment under temperature of 400 degree C. Therefore, it is the major material for manufacturing TFT of LCD panel, which uses glass substrate with active matrix. a-Si TFTamorphous Silicon Thin Film Transistor 以amorphous

3、silicon為構(gòu)成材料之電場效果型的薄膜晶體管。帶有source、drain、gate三種電極之3端子組件。最常使用為主動矩陣（active matrix）液晶顯示器的開關(guān)。The Field Effect type TFT with amorphous silicon material contains three terminal components of three types of electrodes: source, drain, and gate. They are often used as the switch of active matrix type LCD. ACF

4、Anisotropic Conductive Film 異方性導(dǎo)電膜，指含有導(dǎo)電性粒子之熱硬化或熱可塑性的樹脂薄膜。主要用于液晶顯示面板與驅(qū)動IC之訊號傳輸連結(jié)，需針對不同之接合接口選擇適合導(dǎo)電粒子及密度，一般而言用于fine pitch之導(dǎo)電粒子其直徑約為35 um。Anisotropic conductive film means the thermosetting or thermal plastic resin film which contains conductivity particle. It is used major in LCD panel, and to drive t

5、he signal connection, transmitting in IC. Different interface connection requires specific conductivity particles and density accordingly. Generally speaking, the diameter of conductivity particles, which used for fine pitch, should be three to five um.Active areaActive area 在液晶顯示面板中具有顯示功能之畫素總面積。英：I

6、n LCD screen, it serves the purpose of showing the total surface area of functional pixels. Active matrixActive matrix 在畫素或dot上設(shè)置主動組件，于寫入期間啟動主動組件而寫入data電壓、其它期間則關(guān)閉主動組件以維持電壓之矩陣驅(qū)動方式。依據(jù)主動組件的種類區(qū)分為3端子型的TFT方式與2端子型的TFD（MIM）方式。2端子型的制造工程可簡化。英：It sets active components on pixel or dot, witch activate active co

7、mponent to write data voltage during the writing period, and during other period, it shut off active component to maintain voltage of matrix driving method. According to different types of active component, it is divided into either 3-terminal model TFT or 2-terminal model TFD (MIM) methods. The man

8、ufacturing process of 2-terminal model can be simplified. Anti-glare treatmentAnti-glare treatment 在液晶面板表面設(shè)置凹凸，以降低鏡面反射之處理。Anti-glare處理的程度是利用積分球式光線透過率量測方式，以全光線透過率與散亂光透過率的比定義的。英：Convex and concave surface is configured on the LCD panel as the treatment to reduce the reflection of mirror. The extent of

9、 Anti-glare is to use the measuring method of light penetration of integral sphere model to define the ratio between the rate of full-light penetration and the rate of scatter light Anti-reflectionAnti-reflection 在表面上包覆多層折射率不同的膜，用來消除界面的反射光之處理。英：It is a treatment to eliminate reflection light from in

10、terface surface, by coating many layers of film with different reflecting rate on the surface. Aperture ratio單一畫素中可透光面積與畫素總面積之比值。開口率之大小與TFT所使用之金屬導(dǎo)線特性及Cell制程能力有關(guān)。英：It is the ratio of the luminary surface in a single pixel comparing to the surface of total pixels. The opening rate is determined by the

11、 nature of metal interconnect and the capability of Cell manufacturing of TFT. ArrayArray 指玻璃基板上已配置TFT等switching組件，但未成為Cell前的狀態(tài)。 It is the state in which the screen has been equipped with TFT switching device, but it is still not a cell yet. Aspect ratioAspect ratio顯像后的resist膜，或用蝕刻形成于基板上的pattern之深度與

12、寬度的比。Aspect比 b/a（a：蝕刻的寬度，b：蝕刻的深度）英： It is the ratio between the depth and width of the pattern on the etched substrate or the resist film after pattern is developed. Aspect ratio = b/a (a : etching width, b : etching depth) BBack exposureBack exposure 將已經(jīng)形成在基板上的pattern作成光罩，由基板背面露光之方法英： It is a metho

13、d of making the semiconductor mast from well formed pattern on the substrate, and exposes the back of the substrate to light. BacklightBacklight 由于液晶顯示器為非發(fā)光型，為了強(qiáng)化顯示的能見度，將液晶面板背面的光加以投射之裝置。光源以熒光燈管為主流，分為冷陰極管與熱陰極管。構(gòu)造上可分為直下型與側(cè)光型。英：Because the LCD does not luminesce itself, and to re-enforce the visibility

14、 of it, there is a device to project the light from the back of a LCD panel. The majority of light source comes from the fluorescent light tube, which is divided into two different types: Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp and Hot Cathode Fluorescent Lamp. The structure can also divided into two differen

15、t types: direct type and side light type. BezelBezel LCD面板組件，用以維持保護(hù)B/L組件之外側(cè)外殼。一般采用金屬板之成形品。英：Its a part of the LCD screen, and used to maintain/protect the side shell of B/L components. Normally, it is a product from metal plate. Black MatrixBlack Matrix 在液晶面板所使用的color filter上，為了分離RGB各畫素作成的格子狀或條紋狀的構(gòu)造

16、。BM亦具有預(yù)防外部光源造成TFT錯誤動作的功能?，F(xiàn)在雖以單層鉻、低反射鉻為主流，但樹脂BM也已相繼投入市場。英：BM is used to separate the grid or strip structure made from RGB pixels on the color filter applied on LCD panel. BM also serves another purpose of preventing the malfunction of TFT resulted from outside light source. Although, single layer an

17、d low reflection chromium are the majority in the market, but resin BM also becomes another popular product. CCellCell Cell gapCell gap 指TFT基板與color filter基板上ITO膜之間隙，間隙之大小會影響液晶顯示面板之穿透率及液晶反應(yīng)時間。英：Cell Gap is the gap between ITO film on color filter substrate and TFT substrate. The size of the gap affe

18、cts the transmittance of LCD display substrate and response time of liquid crystal. CFColor Filter 為了使液晶彩色顯示器能顯示彩色，在液晶cell內(nèi)構(gòu)成的零件之一，在透明基板上依規(guī)則配列紅、綠、藍(lán)3個原色的pattern。Color filter一般是由遮光用的Black matrix、color顯示用的著色pattern、保護(hù)著色pattern的透明保護(hù)膜、以及驅(qū)動液晶用的透明電極膜等4種要素所構(gòu)成。英： In order for LCD to generate colors, there is

19、 a pattern with Red, Green and Blue , which is one of the parts in the LC cell. Color filter is structured by 4 major components: Black Matrix to block light, pattern to display colors, transparent protection film made from protection pattern and transparent electrode film used for driver LC. COFChi

20、p On Film 直接將IC chip接續(xù)在可撓曲印刷電路板（flexible printed circuit board）的電極端子上之方式，為Chip On Film的簡稱。此種IC構(gòu)裝方法之特長為可撓曲印刷電路板之薄型化，其厚度約為TCP之1/3，可提高液晶顯示模塊構(gòu)裝之可靠度。目前所使用之接合方式有導(dǎo)電膜、導(dǎo)電膠及共晶接合。英：It is a simplified term of Chip On Film, which is a method of connecting IC chip to the electrode terminal of flexible printed cir

21、cuit board. The specialty of this IC package method can thinner the flexible printed circuit board, which is about one third of thickness of TCP. It also increases the reliability of the liquid crystal display module. The current connecting processes used are: conductivity film, conductivity paste a

22、nd eutectic conjunction. COGChip On Glass 直接將驅(qū)動IC之I/O與顯示玻璃基板的電極端子面對面接合之方式，COG模塊構(gòu)裝所使用之驅(qū)動IC必須先長凸塊(bumping)，液晶面板模塊構(gòu)裝之凸塊材質(zhì)為Au，目前以ACF為接合材料之制程較成熟。英：It is a process of connecting electrode terminal of display glass substrate and I/O of Driving IC directly to each other. The Driving IC must have bumping, an

23、d the material used for liquid crystal substrate bumping is Au. The manufacturing process, which uses ACF as its connecting material, is more matured. COPChip On Plastic 直接將IC chip接續(xù)在塑料基板的電極端子上之方式，為Chip On Plastic之簡稱。裝設(shè)塑料基板液晶面板之driver IC時所使用的。英：It is a simplified term of Chip On Plastic, which is a

24、method of connecting IC chip to the electrode terminal of plastic substrate. It is used for setting the driver IC onto the liquid crystal panel of plastic substrate. Contrast ratioContrast ratio 液晶OnOff時最大輝度與最小輝度之比。液晶依畫面視角的不同，其contrast也會跟著改變，因此以最大的對比來表示。通常STN以10：1表示、TFT以100：1表示。英：The ratio between t

25、he maximum and minimum brightness when the LC is On / Off. The contrast changes with different viewing angles, and therefore, maximum contrast ratio is used for display. Generally, STN is 10:1 and TFT is 100:1 for display. CDCritical Dimension 一般是指100um以下的pattern線寬或間隔，為表示pattern位置之尺寸值。使用于露光量、現(xiàn)象條件、蝕刻

26、條件等制程參數(shù)，或制品尺寸管理方面。英：CD means the gap or width between patterns under 100 um, and it is to show the dimension measurement of location of pattern. It is used as a parameter of light exposure quantity, and etching conditions in manufacturing process or dimension management aspect of products. Crosstalk

27、Crosstalk 由于畫素間信號干涉，使對比高的畫面輪廓在背景部產(chǎn)生的拖曳現(xiàn)象。每個畫素都設(shè)置理想switch的主動矩陣方式不會產(chǎn)生crosstalk。英：Due to the signal interferences between pixels, the background would generate dragging phenomenon in high contrast screen. Cross talk can be eliminated by fixing activate matrix type of ideal switch on each pixel. DDark d

28、efectDark defect 不隨信號改變而一直保持低輝度狀態(tài)的點(diǎn)狀缺陷。英：Dark defect is a kind of dot form fault that does not change with signals and keeps in low BRIL status. Data lineData line FT基板中傳達(dá)顯示信號之垂直方向的配線。因?yàn)榻永m(xù)在各畫素TFT的Source電極或Drain 電極上，故又稱為Source線或Drain線。線寬通常為數(shù)um到10um不等。英：It is the perpendicular wiring used in TFT subst

29、rate to transfer display signals. Because it is connected with the Source electrode or Drain electrode on each pixel in TFT, it is also known as Source line or Drain line. The width of the line is often between few um to 10 um. DotDot 構(gòu)成各畫素的要素點(diǎn)（顯示的最小構(gòu)成點(diǎn)）。英：Dot is the point that constructs each pixel

30、. (the smallest display unit) Driver ICDriver IC 驅(qū)動液晶面板的回路或IC。Matrix顯示有掃描電極（行電極）Driver與信號電極（列電極）Driver二種。由QFP變遷為TCP。多硅晶（poly-silicon）的面板則是直接將Driver IC形成在顯示面板中。英：It is the IC that drives the LCD. There two types of display matrix: Scanning electrode (column electrode) Driver and Signal electrode (row

31、 electrode) Driver. The package of driver changes from QFP to TCP. The Driver IC of poly-silicon LCD panel forms directly in the display screen. FFlatnessFlatness 大多指heat head與支撐臺的平行度。熱壓著時，每個tool相互間的關(guān)系比平行度重要。英：Most of the time, Flatness means the parallelism between the heat tool and support platfor

32、m. When there is heat, the relationships between each tool is more important than the parallelism. FlickerFlicker 畫面輝度周期性變動。也稱為閃爍。出現(xiàn)Cross Talk較多的畫面其Flicker也會較明顯。其起因與Crosstalk相同。英： Flicker is a periodic change of the brightness of the screen. Flicker is more obvious when there are more cross talk, an

33、d the cause of flicker is the same as Crosstalk. FPCFlexible Printed Circuit 可撓曲印刷配線板。使用于實(shí)裝有液晶driver IC的印刷基板與COG基板等界面上之配線板。英： FPC means flexible printed circuit board. FPC is the circuit that applies to printing circuit with LC driver IC and COG circuit interface. GGPSGPS 以美國24個衛(wèi)星傳來的時間與位置等情報(bào)為基準(zhǔn)而知道現(xiàn)在

34、位置的方法。將這個情報(bào)與地圖情報(bào)搭配使用的方法即可汽車導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)。 英： Global Positioning System allows users to find out the time, and exact current location through 24 different satellites. Applying this system and map information achieves the vehicle navigation system. Gray scaleGray scale 指介于最大輝度與最小輝度之間的中間調(diào)顯示。數(shù)字信號輸入時，與2, 3, 4, 6,

35、 8 bit相對應(yīng)的有4, 8, 16, 64, 256階調(diào)。模擬信號輸入則可作無限階調(diào)之顯示。階調(diào)顯示的方式分為液晶驅(qū)動電壓變化及frame間的時間調(diào)節(jié)。英： Gray scale is for tuning the display between maximum and minimum brightness. When digital signal is input to it, according to 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 bit, there are 4, 8, 16, 64 and 256 different gray levels. Analogue input ca

36、n be used for infinity level tuning display. There are two ways of gray scale: LC driving voltage tuning and frame rate control. IILBInner Lead Bonding 內(nèi)引腳接合，指驅(qū)動IC之bump與Poly-imide tape上之Cu lead以Eutectic Bonding方式接合之制程。英： ILB bonding is a manufacturing process which attach the bump of Driver IC to th

37、e Cu lead on poly-imide tape with Eutectic Bonding method. Image stickingImage sticking 經(jīng)過長時間顯示同一pattern后，切換至其它顯示時，前面的pattern會長時間殘留的現(xiàn)象。英： After a long displaying time of the same color pattern, the color pattern would stay on the screen over a period of time, once switched to other color display. In

38、verterInverter 將BL光源（熒光燈或EC）以高周波點(diǎn)亮的點(diǎn)燈回路。英： It is a lighting circuit that lights the radiofrequency with B / L light source (florescent lamp or EC) LLCDLiquid Crystal Display 液晶顯示器。利用偏極化光及液晶分子之特有光電特性，以電壓控制畫素之亮及暗，達(dá)到影像明暗對比之效果。英： LCD utilizes the polarization light and special light and electrical prope

39、rty of LC molecule to control the darkness and lightness of pixel with voltage. Hence, to achieve the effect of contrast between bright and dark. LCD DriverLCD Driver 指驅(qū)動液晶panel的回路或IC。以matrix來表示，可分為行電極Driver與列電極Driver英： LCD Driver is for driving LC panel circuit or IC. In matrix terms, it can be dif

40、ferentiated into column electrode Driver and row electrode Driver. Line defectLine defect 出現(xiàn)于水平及垂直之線狀的顯示缺陷。英：Line defect is a display defect which appears in horizontal or vertical lines. LuminanceLuminance 畫面的明亮度。單位為cd/m2。 在透過型TFT彩色液晶上則是指液晶面板的透過率與B/L輝度之積英：Its the luminance of the screen, and unit o

41、f measure is cd/m2. In TFT Color LC terms, it is the product of light through rate and B/L brightness. MMA MAModule Assembly Module Assembly) 將panel、PCB、bezel等零件組裝起來成為液晶Module的工程。英：Module Assembly engineering is to assemble panel, PCB, bezel and other parts to a LC moduleMother glassMother glass 母玻璃

42、基板，TFT使用無堿玻璃（為防止堿離子對于TFT的污染）；C-ST(N) 使用碳酸鈉石灰玻璃（普通玻璃）。又稱為可作多面取前的大塊玻璃，目前TFT-LCD廠之世代即是以Mother Glass大小區(qū)分英：TFT uses alkali-free glass (to prevent pollution from alkaline ion to TFT); Color STN uses natronite lime glass (normal glass). It is also known as glass in large size for poly-facet processing., th

43、e generation of current TFT-LCD factories generation are differentiated by the size of Mother Glass. MuraMura 輝度色度某部份不均勻的現(xiàn)象。色度不均勻的現(xiàn)象稱為色Mura。英：Mura is a phenomenon when the BRIL and color rate are not even, and uneven color rate is known as Mura color. OOLBOuter Lead Bonding Tape bonding時，自inner bond

44、ing完成的tape上切取已連接die的outer lead部分，堆棧在package或基板的電極上，然后以加熱及加壓的方式將之接合的裝置。此種接合方式稱為outer lead bonding。英：During Tape bonding, by cutting the outer lead part from the die which is connected to the tape formed from inner bonding, and then adding heat and pressure to complete the attachment. This type of att

45、achment is called out lead bonding.PPassive matrixPassive matrix 各畫素上沒有主動組件，掃描電極與data電極的交叉部對應(yīng)到畫素或dot上，然后直接印加驅(qū)動信號的矩陣方式。顯示類型有TN、STN等，主要采multi-plex驅(qū)動。一般是指將common及segment的電極形成于各位的玻璃基板上，使這些電極交叉并將液晶包在這些電極之間的形式。英：There is no active components on each pixel, the grid matrix activates the driving signal dire

46、ctly by scanning the cross part of electrode and data electrode to the according pixel or dot. Forming the common and segment electrode on individual glass substrate, the Passive matrix is constructed by wrapping the electrode crosses within LC. PCBPrinted Circuit Board印刷電路版PitchPitch 指光罩上規(guī)則配列的patte

47、rn中，任意2個量測pattern中心點(diǎn)的距離。英：It is the distance between the center of any 2 measured pattern, which is in a regular shape in the photo mask. Pixel defectPixel defect 在TFT等active方式上出現(xiàn)之以畫素為單位的顯示缺陷，其代表性的缺陷是在黑顯示時光線被遮住而成白缺陷或相反地成黑缺陷、以及平時點(diǎn)燈時的輝點(diǎn)缺陷等。形成原因有TFT的動作不良或者異物、接觸不良等等各種原因。很難明確地指出其原因。 英：It is a displaying

48、defect of pixel unit which shows on active type of TFT. The property of such defect is when the light is blocked and shows white defect while displaying black color and vice versa. Poly-si TFTPoly-silicon Thin Film Transistor 以多結(jié)晶（poly silicon）為構(gòu)成材料之薄膜晶體管。電荷移動度大約比非結(jié)晶硅（amorphous silicon）大一位數(shù)，因?yàn)榭尚⌒突?/p>

49、主要使用于投射型面板上。英：The mobility of charge is approximately one order faster than amorphous silicon, so it can be made into small size. Therefore, it is widely applied to projector type screen.PWBPrinted Wiring Board 將連接回路零件的電氣配線依適當(dāng)?shù)姆椒ㄔ诮^緣物上以電氣導(dǎo)體再現(xiàn)。一般指上面沒有零件的電路板。英：By using appropriate method on the electri

50、cal wiring of circuit connecting parts, to show the electrical conductor on insulating material. It normally means the circuit board without parts on it. Pre-bondingPre-bonding 透過ACF將TCP以高精度定位于LCD面板上，然后利用ACF的半硬化性，以低溫?zé)釅褐M(jìn)行預(yù)先接合之工程，假壓著制程導(dǎo)入有助于高分辨率模塊量產(chǎn)設(shè)計(jì)。英：By locating ACF and TCP on LCD with high accurac

51、y, and with the half curing of ACF, to proceed the bonding process with low temperature press. Low temperature pressing is helpful for mass production of high resolution module design. QResin BMResin BM 以含有黑色著色劑的樹脂材料形成之BM。一般是采用遮旋光性能高的carbon black作為著色劑。感旋光性樹脂材料以acrylic系列為代表，非感旋光性樹脂材料以poly-imido系列為代表。

52、通常用photolithography法形成BM pattern。樹脂BM反射低且成本低，但遮旋光性能不及chrome。英：Resin BM is made of resin material with black artificial color, and the artificial color often uses carbon black color which has good quality at blocking light. Acrylic series products are the representative of phototonus resin material,

53、and poly-imido is the representative of non phototonus resin material. The BM pattern is normally formed with photolithography method. Resin BM has low capital cost and low reflection, but the light blocking property is not as good as chrome. ResolutionResolution Resolution 畫像細(xì)致度的指標(biāo)。液晶顯示器的分辨率取決于畫素的p

54、ixel。英：It is the index of the screen resolution fineness. The resolution of LCD is determined by the amount of pixelsRubbing angleRubbing angle 工作基板基準(zhǔn)面與rubbing reel之間的角度。Rubbing的角度決定了視角的方向。英：It is the angle between the datum plane of the working substrate board and rubbing reel, and Rubbing angle de

55、termines the direction of the viewing angle. Rubbing clothRubbing cloth 配向處理時使用的植毛布。將植毛布纏繞在rubbing reel上后使其旋轉(zhuǎn)，擦拭配向膜。英：It is the rubbing cloth used for orientation processing. Wind the rubbing cloth around the rubbing reel, and then make it whirl to rub the orientation film. Scanning lineScanning lin

56、e TFT基板中傳達(dá)信號至gate電極上之橫方向的配線。又稱為gate線，具有選擇水平方向某畫素行的功能。連接到被選取的掃描在線之各畫素的TFT成導(dǎo)通狀態(tài)，Data線的顯示信號得以寫入各畫素內(nèi)。掃描線內(nèi)的信號延遲會對畫質(zhì)產(chǎn)生重大影響，因此必須是延遲少的低電阻掃描線。英：It is the horizontal wiring line, which transfers signal to the gate electrode in TFT board, it is also known as gate line. It also has the function to select horizontal pixels. When the pixels are selected by the scanning line, the TFT is in a conductivity status, and signals can be written into each pixel from Data line. The signal delay in the scanning line causes great impact to the quality of the scre