高考英語(yǔ)句法復(fù)習(xí)專題-定語(yǔ)從句

1、定 語(yǔ) 從 句在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞，關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as，關(guān)系副詞有when, where, why。一、關(guān)系詞的基本用法關(guān)系代詞who 指人，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)whom 指人，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)whose 指人或物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)that 指人或物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)which 指物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)關(guān)系副詞as 指人、物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)when 指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where 指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why 指原因

2、，在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)（1）The man (whom /who/that) my mother saw in the street is my teacher.（2）The book which/ that tells us about the earth is interesting.（3）She lives in a house whose windows faces south.（4）Do you know the boy whose father is an English teacher?（5）I have never heard such stories as he tells.（

3、6）Ill never forget the day when /on which I joined the army.（7）I wont forget the factory where / in which my father worked.（8）Tell me the reason why you came late.二、必須用“that”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1、當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞all，little, few, much, anything , everything, none, nothing, no one, some等時(shí)。He did everything that he could

4、to help us.2、先行詞被all, every, no , some, any , little, much, the only, the very, the right, last , few , just 等修飾時(shí)。The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.3、先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，或先行詞本身就是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)。This is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen.4、當(dāng)先行時(shí)前有such 或the same修飾時(shí)，先行詞和關(guān)系代詞指同

5、一物時(shí)。She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday.5、先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，Later they talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.6、當(dāng)主句是以who或which開(kāi)始時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，Who is the boy that won the gold medal?7、在同一個(gè)句子里，若有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系詞已用了which， 另一個(gè)宜用that.Edison built up a factory which produced t

6、hings that had never been seen before.8、當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。（只限于限制性定語(yǔ)從句中）China is no longer the country that it used to be.9、當(dāng)先行詞是集體名詞時(shí)，多用that，He wants to join the team that won the game.10、that在有些句型中可作為關(guān)系副詞，且可省略。I dont like the way (that) he talks to me.三、只用which不用that時(shí)情況1、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)：Bruce went toward t

7、he fire, which was still smoking.2、先行詞在從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)且介詞前置。This is the house in which Lu Xun lived.3、先行詞本身是that時(shí)：Whats that which flashed in the sky just now?4、先行詞后有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，Here is the English grammar book which, as Ive told you, will help improve your English.5、which 用作表語(yǔ)，指人時(shí)，一般指從事某種職業(yè)或是有某種特性、品質(zhì)或才能的人。He is

8、 an engineer, which I am not。關(guān)系代as：在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中用在such, the same, as, so之后，as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句常采用省略形式。I have the same book as you（have）.Take as many as you want.Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.This is such a book as was given to me.四、關(guān)系代詞的省略情況1、關(guān)系代在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。Have you received the book (that) I sent you la

9、st week?2、關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be.3、關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，而這個(gè)介詞又在句末時(shí)。This is the artist (whom) I spoke to you about.注意：關(guān)系代詞的省略是指在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞不能省略。五、介詞+關(guān)系代詞在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞若是表示人的意義，就只能用whom ；關(guān)系代詞若是表示事物的意義，就只能用which 。而這種結(jié)構(gòu)中較難解決的問(wèn)題是介詞的選擇問(wèn)題，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)問(wèn)題的解決取決于多種因素：A）動(dòng)詞與介詞的

10、搭配B）名詞與介詞的搭配C）形容詞與介詞的搭配，等等。總之，要依從句的具體需要而定。例如：A）動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配He has found a good job for which he is qualified .（ qualify. for "使具有資格" ）他找到了一份他能勝任的工作。The man to whom you talked just now will chair the meeting tomorrow.（ talk to + 名詞 "與某人談話" ） 你剛才與他談話的那個(gè)人明天主持那個(gè)會(huì)議。He is bargaining with t

11、he landlord over the monthly price at which the apartment rents. (名詞+ rent at + 表示價(jià)格的詞 "某物以某價(jià)格出租" ）他在與房東就那套公寓出租的月租金進(jìn)行磋商。B）名詞與介詞的搭配They are still living in the little house in which they've been lived for 15 years . （ in the house "在屋子里" ）他們現(xiàn)在還住在他們已住了15年的那個(gè)小房子里。We've worke

12、d out a method by which our production can be raised on a large scale.( by a method通過(guò)某種方法)我們已研制出了一個(gè)能大規(guī)模提高生產(chǎn)的方法。She didn't realize the extent to which she had been distracted.（ to extend "到某種程度" ） 她沒(méi)有意識(shí)到她心煩意亂的程度。C）形容詞與介詞的搭配The secretary with whom the boss is not happy will be fired for

13、her inefficiency . (happy with "對(duì)表示滿意")老板對(duì)其不滿意的那個(gè)秘書(shū)將由于她沒(méi)有工作效率而被解雇。I've found the job for which I've been eager for a long time.（ eager for "渴望得到" ） 我已找到了我渴望已久的那份工作。He is a learned man with whom we are familiar .(familiar with 熟悉)他是一位我們熟悉的有學(xué)識(shí)的人。六、限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別·限

14、制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞起限制確定作用。如果沒(méi)有它，主句的意思就不完整，這種定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，不可用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，在口語(yǔ)中前后沒(méi)有停頓。He is the man whose father died last week.That is the reason why I didnt open the door.·非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，只是對(duì)先行詞起描述或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用，省略后也不影響全句的意思，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以修飾名詞、代詞、短語(yǔ)、主句的一部分或全句，它和主句之間常用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，朗讀時(shí)前后有停頓。I live in Beijing where my parent

15、s worked ten years ago.His sister, who works in WuHan, is coming to see him tomorrow.七、as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與which 的區(qū)別1、用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可以指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，as 和which 可以換用。He left her, as/ which was strange.2、as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，從句可置于句首，句中和句尾。As everyone knows, Tom is good at English.The earth, as we know, moves rou

16、nd the sun.3、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)為被動(dòng)時(shí)，常用as 作主語(yǔ)。as is said/ known/ announced/ reported/ mentioned/ expected/ disused等。As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China.4、as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，有“正如”的含義，因此，下列句式中多用as:as has been said aboveas anybody can seeas we had expectedas (it) appearsThings are not always as they appear.5

17、、which 引導(dǎo)非限制定語(yǔ)從句，指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，從句只能置于句尾。The decision was postponed, which was exactly what he wanted.6、which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代主句中的一個(gè)詞（先行詞）從句置于先行詞后，可在句中或句尾。The football match, which I watched yesterday, is very interesting.7、which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，從句的謂語(yǔ)帶有賓語(yǔ)，有的還帶賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。After that things improved, which ast

18、onished me.Water changes into steam, which is known to be a physical change.8、which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，從句意思可與主句相反，即從句為否定式或帶否定前綴的形容詞。He can write a letter in English, which I cannot.He was married again, which was unexpected.八、定語(yǔ)從句運(yùn)用中的注意點(diǎn)1、 （1）是用the one還是用that , which, where.（2）Is this school _ you

19、 study in?（3）Is this the school _ you study in?（4）Is this the school _ you study?（5）Is this school _ is a senior one?A. that/whichB. whereC. the oneD. the one where E. the one that / which 遇到這類句子，先將其變成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表語(yǔ)。若缺表語(yǔ)，則必須用the one的形式，接著再看the one在從句中作什么成分，若作狀語(yǔ)，則必須用the one where，若作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，則用the one (

20、that/ which)2、是用when還是用that, which （1）May 1 is the day _ we spent together.（2）May 1 is the day _i joined the army.A. that/ whichB. when當(dāng)先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞時(shí)，作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，用when, 若作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，就用that/ which.3、定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別（1）It was in this house _ he was born.（2）It was this house _ he was born.（3）It was in the house _ he

21、 used to live that the exhibition was held.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. there判斷是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的方法是去掉it is /was that, 若整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意義不受影響，則為強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，否則為定語(yǔ)從句。4、定語(yǔ)從句與其他從句的區(qū)別（1）定語(yǔ)從句與地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別是看有無(wú)表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作先行詞，有則是定語(yǔ)從句，試比較：You should leave the toy where you can find. I still remember the bus stop where / at which I met you.（2）

22、定語(yǔ)從句與結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別是看從句的邊接詞是否在從句中作成分，作成分的是定語(yǔ)從句；若連接詞在句中不作成分時(shí)，則為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。試比較：He is such a kind person as everybody likes. He is such a kind person that everybody likes him.（3）定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別主要是看連接詞是否在從句中作成分，作成分的是定語(yǔ)從句，不作成分而只是表示前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容的則是同位語(yǔ)從句。試比較：The news that he had been back surprised us all. The mews (that

23、) he told us surprised us all.5、way 后面的定語(yǔ)從句（用that/ in which 或省略）：Please tell me the way (that/ in which) you did the job.Consolidation:一、用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空：1. He lent me a thousand dollars, _ was exactly the amount I needed.2. The proposal _ we have to export more goods is to be discussed at the meeting.3.

24、Bungee jumping is a sport _ a person makes a vertical jump from a high platform with a rubber rod cord tied to their ankles so that they bounce.4. _ was expected, their team failed in the competition because of insufficient preparations.5. The waterfalls, the largest of _ is like a semicircle, are 6

25、70 meters wide, and fall 56 meters in an awesome white sheet of water.6. _ there is no fire, there is no smoke.7. The question _ well put off the meeting remains to be discussed.8. Ive just finished reading a poem _ meaning is completely beyond me.9. Compared to _ the girl is now today, she showed n

26、o confidence then especially in front of the public.10. Hope Project got another donation of one million yuan with _ to assist more poor children back to school.二、將下列句子轉(zhuǎn)換成含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。1. China is a developing country, with Beijing as its capital. China is a developing country, _.2. The thief, having b

27、een caught slipping into the bank, was arrested by the police. The thief, _., was arrested by the police.3. It is known to us all that light travels faster than sound. _, light travels faster than sound.4. There are lots of birds flying south for winter every year. There are lots of birds _.5. The H

28、ope School has been set up where a wasteland used to be. The Hope School has been set up _.6. That stone is so heavy that no one can remove it away. That is such a heavy stone _.三、定語(yǔ)從句易混點(diǎn)對(duì)比專練1. The man _ she married last year was a soldier. A. whom B. to whom C. with whom D. whose The man _ she was

29、married was a soldier. A. whom B. to whom C. with whom D. who 2. The day _ she spent with us was never to be forgotten. A. / B. on which C. when D. in whichThe day _ she played with us was never to be forgotten. A. that B. when C. which D. /3. Is this the factory _ you visited last week A. where B.

30、which C. to which D. in which Is this factory _ you visited last week A. that B which C in which D. the one4. The house _ window faces south is for the doctor. A. which B. that C. whose D. of which The house _ faces south is for the doctor. A. which B. whose C. who D. where5. She brought forward a p

31、lan _ we couldn't agree. A. that B. which C. / D. to which She brought forward a plan _ we couldn't accept.A. / B. for which C. to which D .of which6. The invention _ she spent 2 years will do well to the world.A. which B. / C. on which D. when The invention _ took her 2 years will do well t

32、o the world. A. which B. / C. on which D. it7. The English subject, _ I do well, is important in middle schools.A. which B. that C. in which D. at which The English subject, _ I have mastered well, is important in middle school. A. / B. at which C. that D. in which8. Tom, _ I went to the concert, is

33、 a friend of mine. A. whom B. who C. with which D. whose Tom,_ bicycle I went to the concert, is a friend of mine. A. whom B. who C. whose D. on whose9. The place _ you visited during your holidays is where I used to be for years.A. where B. which C. in which D. to which The place _ you stayed for 3

34、 years is where an ancient city used to be.A. where B. which C. that D. to which10. She will fly to Washington,_ is the capital of the U.S.A. that B. where C. which D. in which She will fly to Washington,_ she can enjoy herself. A. where B. that C. which D./11. The story happened on a day _ the weat

35、her was wet and cold.A. when B. which C. in which D. on when The story happened on a day _ was wet and cold. A. then B. on which C. which D./12. The sun heats the earth,_ we all know. A. that B. which C. as D. where The sun heats the earth,_ makes it possible to grow crops. A. which B. that C. as D.

36、 where13. Tom,_ we had expected, got the 1st place in the competition(比賽).A. as B. which C. whom D. who Tom,_ we had expected to help us, didn't even show his face . A. as B. whom C. that D. which四、定語(yǔ)從句精選練習(xí)50題1. Such things of _ you are not sure should be discussed again. A. which B. what C. as

37、D. those2. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one3. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 4. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 5. The wolves

38、hid themselves in the places _couldnt be found.A. that B. where C. in which D. in that6. The freezing point is the temperature _ water changes into ice. A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what 7. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts.A. how you have observed B. what you have

39、observed C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed 8. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether9. Ill tell you _ he told me last week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which 10. That tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old. A. wh

40、ose B. of which C. in which D. on which11. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what 12. He failed in the examination, _ made his father very angry.A. which B. it C. that D. what 13. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended la

41、st night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that 14. The girl _an English song in the next room is Toms sister.A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing 15. Those _not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn 16. Anyone _ this opinion m

42、ay speak out. A. that against B. that against C. who is against D. who are against 17. Didnt you see the man _? A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now 18. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it

43、C. which you talked with D. you talked about 19. Is there anything _ to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs 20. - “How do you like the book?” - “Its quite different from _ I read last month.” A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what 21. Mr. Zhang gave the text

44、book to all the pupils except _ who had already taken them. A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others 22. The train _ she was traveling was late. A. which B. where C. on which D. in that 23. He has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept. A. where B. in which C. under which D. which 24. Ant

45、arctic _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. A. which B. about that C. that D. about which 25. Its the third time _ late this month. A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that youve arrived D. when youve arrived 26. It was in 1969 _ the American astronaut succeeded

46、 in landing on the moon. A. that B. which C. when D. in which 27. May the fourth is the day _ we Chinese people will never forget.A. which B. when C. on which D. about which 28. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, _ live my grandparents and some relatives. A. which B. that C. who

47、 D. where 29. The hotel _ during our holidays stands by the seaside. A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at C. we stayed D. in that we stayed30. Is it in that factory _ “Red Flag” cars are produced? A. in which B. where C. which D. that 31. It is the Suez Canal _ separates Asia _ Africa. A. which, to

48、 B. where, from C. that, from D. that, with 32. Under the bridge, however, almost directly below, _ was a small canoe, with a boy in it. A. there B. where C. it D. which 33. He is not _ a fool _. A. such, as he is looked B. such, as he looks C. as, as he is looked D. so, as he looks 34. Is that the

49、reason _ you are in favour of the proposal? A. which B. what C. why D. for that 35. He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skin. A. that B. as C. who D. what 36. He has two sons, _ work as chemists. A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom 37. I, _ your good friend, will try my best to help you out. A. who is B. who am C. that is D. what is 38. He is a man of great experience, _ much can be learned. A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom 39. - Do you know the tow