計(jì)算機(jī)高級語言課程設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告設(shè)計(jì)程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)分?jǐn)?shù)的運(yùn)算

1、計(jì)算機(jī)高級語言課 程 設(shè) 計(jì) 報(bào) 告課題名稱：設(shè)計(jì)程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)分?jǐn)?shù)的運(yùn)算設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間：2013.12.30 2014.1.10學(xué)生姓名：學(xué)生學(xué)號：指導(dǎo)教師：完成日期：2014年1月10日管理科學(xué)學(xué)院信息與計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)系二一三年十二月設(shè)計(jì)程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)分?jǐn)?shù)的運(yùn)算【摘要】：設(shè)計(jì)一個分?jǐn)?shù)計(jì)算器實(shí)現(xiàn)對分?jǐn)?shù)的各種運(yùn)算【關(guān)鍵字】：分?jǐn)?shù)、四則運(yùn)算、連續(xù)運(yùn)算、混合計(jì)算program designing about simple management system of teachers and studentsabstract:the design of a fractional calculator t

2、o achieve various operations on fraction。keywords: fractional、the four operations、continuous operation、hybrid computing。目錄1問題描述及設(shè)計(jì)要求 11.1問題描述11.2設(shè)計(jì)要求12.系統(tǒng)分析（需求分析）12.1功能需求12.2性能需求23.總體設(shè)計(jì)24.詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)2 4.1設(shè)計(jì)思路3 4.2主要函數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)45.程序代碼56.程序測試177.程序使用說明208.總結(jié)21參考文獻(xiàn)221. 問題描述及設(shè)計(jì)要求1.1問題描述:該問題就是要求學(xué)生能夠設(shè)計(jì)程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)分?jǐn)?shù)的

3、運(yùn)算，包括加、減、乘、除四則運(yùn)算，最后總要是能將這種運(yùn)算拓展到多個分?jǐn)?shù)之間并實(shí)現(xiàn)連續(xù)運(yùn)算。1.2設(shè)計(jì)要求：（1）：設(shè)計(jì)合理的分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)方式（2）： 設(shè)計(jì)函數(shù)分別實(shí)現(xiàn)兩個分?jǐn)?shù)之間的加、減、乘、除運(yùn)算（3）：設(shè)計(jì)函數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)分?jǐn)?shù)輸入并計(jì)算（4）：考慮將分?jǐn)?shù)運(yùn)算拓展到多個分?jǐn)?shù)之間的運(yùn)算和連續(xù)計(jì)算的情況2.系統(tǒng)分析（需求分析）2.1功能需求：（1）：有合理的界面，用戶進(jìn)入后可選擇需要的操作。（2）：能夠輸入合理的分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)式并進(jìn)行常規(guī)的四則運(yùn)算，還可進(jìn)行必要的邏輯運(yùn)算。（3）：能夠進(jìn)行多個分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)的混合運(yùn)算，并能連續(xù)計(jì)算。2.2性能需求：（1）：程序有一定健壯性，出現(xiàn)錯誤是能提示相應(yīng)信息給用戶。（2）：性能要好

4、，可改動性要好，方便他人優(yōu)化和改正，每個小功能用子函數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)。(3):靈活性要好，可作為子函數(shù)融到其他程序。3.總體設(shè)計(jì)簡介: 設(shè)計(jì)一個分?jǐn)?shù)計(jì)算器，進(jìn)行分?jǐn)?shù)的算術(shù)運(yùn)算和邏輯運(yùn)算。在該計(jì)算器中能輸入合理的分?jǐn)?shù)形式，同時(shí)允許對整數(shù)這種特殊形式進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的輸入和計(jì)算，并在程序開始前設(shè)計(jì)出相應(yīng)的界面供用戶選擇，同時(shí)在能進(jìn)行兩個分?jǐn)?shù)之間簡單的四則運(yùn)算的基礎(chǔ)上，可以對多個分?jǐn)?shù)進(jìn)行混合運(yùn)算(定義新函數(shù))，并且要能夠承接上一個結(jié)果繼續(xù)進(jìn)行計(jì)算(詢問用戶是否繼續(xù)，繼續(xù)則再調(diào)用相應(yīng)函數(shù))。4.詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)4.1設(shè)計(jì)思路:（見下流程圖表示）（1）：主函數(shù)控制流程圖：（見下頁）進(jìn)入main（）函數(shù)選擇1、2、3做相應(yīng)操作調(diào)用

5、simple函數(shù)調(diào)用test函數(shù)調(diào)用complex函數(shù)判斷是否繼續(xù)進(jìn)行分?jǐn)?shù)操作結(jié)束yn123（2）：子函數(shù)控制流程圖：（以simple函數(shù)為例）輸入運(yùn)算符輸入相應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)入simple函數(shù)是否以該結(jié)果繼續(xù)運(yùn)算結(jié)束調(diào)用相應(yīng)運(yùn)算函數(shù)（加減乘除）yn4.2主要函數(shù)設(shè)計(jì):fraction operator +(const fraction &lhs, const fraction &rhs);重載加法運(yùn)算符+，實(shí)現(xiàn)兩個分?jǐn)?shù)相加；fraction operator -(const fraction &lhs, const fraction &rhs);重載加法運(yùn)算符-，實(shí)現(xiàn)

6、兩個分?jǐn)?shù)相減；fraction operator *(const fraction &lhs, const fraction &rhs);重載加法運(yùn)算符*，實(shí)現(xiàn)兩個分?jǐn)?shù)相乘；fraction operator /(const fraction &lhs, const fraction &rhs);重載加法運(yùn)算符/，實(shí)現(xiàn)兩個分?jǐn)?shù)相除；void simple();"簡單計(jì)算"函數(shù),通過判斷運(yùn)算類型，調(diào)用相應(yīng)運(yùn)算函數(shù)并計(jì)算；void test();測試函數(shù)，通過調(diào)用函數(shù)對輸入的兩個分?jǐn)?shù)進(jìn)行邏輯運(yùn)算；void complex();"混合運(yùn)算

7、"函數(shù),通過調(diào)用函數(shù)對多個分?jǐn)?shù)進(jìn)行混合運(yùn)算；ostream& operator<< (ostream&os, const fraction &f);輸出運(yùn)算符重載；istream& operator>> (istream&is, fraction &f); 輸入運(yùn)算符重載；5.程序源代碼：/* fractions class - header file-分?jǐn)?shù)類頭文件*/*#ifndef _tgr_fractions_h#define _tgr_fractions_h*/#include <iostream.

8、h> /輸入輸出流頭文件#include <conio.h> /鍵盤和屏幕輸入輸出函數(shù)的頭文件#include <stdlib.h> /標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫函數(shù)頭文件#include <math.h> /數(shù)學(xué)庫函數(shù)頭文件/#include <bool.h>#include <string.h> /字符組函數(shù)頭文件class fraction /分?jǐn)?shù)類定義public:fraction();/constructorsfraction(intinitn, intinitd);/accessorsint numerator() const; /取分

9、子，const成員函數(shù)，不能修改數(shù)據(jù)成員int denominator() const; /取分母double decimal() const; /將分?jǐn)?shù)轉(zhuǎn)換為對應(yīng)的小數(shù)fraction absval() const; /分?jǐn)?shù)的絕對值/modifiersvoid setnum(intnewnum); /設(shè)置分子void setden(intnewden); /設(shè)置分母void simplify(); /約分void recip(); /分子分母轉(zhuǎn)置const fraction & operator+= (intrhs);private:int n;int d;/free (nonmem

10、ber) functions/miscellanyvoid simple(); /"簡單計(jì)算"函數(shù)void test(); /測試函數(shù)void complex(); /"混合運(yùn)算"函數(shù)int gcf(int x, int y); /求x,y的最大公因子/addition operatorsfraction operator+ (const fraction &lhs, const fraction &rhs);fraction operator+ (const fraction &lhs, intrhs);/subtraction

11、 operatorsfraction operator- (const fraction &lhs, const fraction &rhs);fraction operator- (const fraction &lhs, intrhs);/multiplication operatorsfraction operator* (const fraction &lhs, const fraction &rhs);fraction operator* (const fraction &lhs, intrhs);/division operators

12、fraction operator/ (const fraction &lhs, const fraction &rhs);fraction operator/ (const fraction &lhs, intrhs);/power operatorfraction operator (const fraction &base, intexp); /（冪）運(yùn)算符重載/comparison operatorsbool operator= (const fraction &lhs, const fraction &rhs);bool operato

13、r!= (const fraction &lhs, const fraction &rhs);bool operator>= (const fraction &lhs, const fraction &rhs);bool operator<= (const fraction &lhs, const fraction &rhs);bool operator> (const fraction &lhs, const fraction &rhs);bool operator< (const fraction &a

14、mp;lhs, const fraction &rhs);bool operator= (const fraction &lhs, intrhs);bool operator!= (const fraction &lhs, intrhs);bool operator>= (const fraction &lhs, intrhs);bool operator<= (const fraction &lhs, intrhs);bool operator> (const fraction &lhs, intrhs);bool opera

15、tor< (const fraction &lhs, intrhs);/ i/o operators/functionsostream& operator<< (ostream&os, const fraction &f); / 輸出運(yùn)算符重載istream& operator>> (istream&is, fraction &f); / 輸入運(yùn)算符重載/*#endif*/* fraction.cppfractions class - implementation file-分?jǐn)?shù)類執(zhí)行文件開始*/#inclu

16、de "fraction.h"fraction:fraction() : n(0), d(1) ; /缺省構(gòu)造函數(shù)（=0/1）fraction:fraction(intinitn, intinitd) : n(initn), d(initd) ;int fraction:numerator() const /取分子return n;int fraction:denominator() const /取分母return d;double fraction:decimal() const /分?jǐn)?shù)轉(zhuǎn)換小數(shù)return double(n) / double(d);fraction

17、fraction:absval() const /取分?jǐn)?shù)絕對值fraction returnvalue(abs(n), abs(d); /通過構(gòu)造函數(shù)取分母分子絕對值returnreturnvalue;void fraction:setnum(intnewnum) /設(shè)置分子的值n = newnum;void fraction:setden(intnewden) /設(shè)置分母的值if(newden != 0) /分母非零時(shí)設(shè)置d = newden;else /若分母為零，顯示錯誤信息并退出cout<< "錯誤：除數(shù)為零！n"<< "按任意鍵終

18、止！"getch(); abort(); /退出void fraction:simplify() /分?jǐn)?shù)約分int r = gcf(n, d);n /= r;d /= r;void fraction:recip() /分子分母交換int temp = n;n = d;d = temp;const fraction & fraction:operator+= (intrhs) /重載"+=" fraction newrhs(rhs, 1); /將作為參數(shù)的整數(shù)rhs轉(zhuǎn)換為分?jǐn)?shù)類的對象return (*this+newrhs); /int gcf(int x,

19、 int y) /輾轉(zhuǎn)相除求x,y的最大公約數(shù)int r = x%y;if(r=0)return y;elsereturn gcf(y, r);fraction operator+ (const fraction &lhs, const fraction &rhs) /重載"+"，完成兩分?jǐn)?shù)相加情況fraction sum; /定義分?jǐn)?shù)類對象，通過兩參數(shù)對象對其賦值intnewnum = (lhs.numerator() * rhs.denominator()+(rhs.numerator() * lhs.denominator();/得到相加后的分子int

20、newden = (lhs.denominator() * rhs.denominator(); /得到相加后的分母sum.setnum(newnum); /設(shè)置分子sum.setden(newden); /設(shè)置分母sum.simplify(); /分?jǐn)?shù)約分return sum;fraction operator+ (const fraction &lhs, intrhs) /重載"+"分?jǐn)?shù)與整數(shù)相加 fraction newrhs(rhs, 1); /將rhs轉(zhuǎn)換為分?jǐn)?shù)類對象return lhs + newrhs;fraction operator- (const

21、 fraction &lhs, const fraction &rhs)/重載"-"完成兩分?jǐn)?shù)相減fractionnewrhs = rhs;newrhs.setnum(-rhs.numerator(); /設(shè)置分母為其相反數(shù)return lhs + newrhs; /利用"+"的重載fraction operator- (const fraction &lhs, intrhs) /重載"-"完成分?jǐn)?shù)與整數(shù)的相減fractionnewrhs(rhs, -1); return lhs + newrhs; /利用&q

22、uot;+"的重載fraction operator* (const fraction &lhs, const fraction &rhs) /重載"*"完成兩分?jǐn)?shù)相乘fraction product;intnewnum = lhs.numerator() * rhs.numerator(); /分子相乘intnewden = lhs.denominator() * rhs.denominator(); /分母相乘product.setnum(newnum); /設(shè)置分子product.setden(newden); /設(shè)置分母product.si

23、mplify(); /分?jǐn)?shù)約分return product;fraction operator* (const fraction &lhs, intrhs) /重載"*"完成分?jǐn)?shù)與整數(shù)的相乘 fraction prod(lhs.numerator() * rhs, lhs.denominator(); /通過構(gòu)造函數(shù)完成賦值prod.simplify(); /分?jǐn)?shù)約分return prod;fraction operator/ (const fraction &lhs, const fraction &rhs) /重載"/"完成兩

24、分?jǐn)?shù)相除 if(rhs = 0) /若分母為零，顯示錯誤信息并退出 cout<< "error: division by zero attempted!n"<< "press any key to terminate"getch(); abort(); /退出 fractionnewrhs = rhs;newrhs.recip(); /將作分母的分?jǐn)?shù)倒置return lhs * newrhs; /利用分?jǐn)?shù)乘法fraction operator/ (const fraction &lhs, intrhs) /重載"

25、/"完成分?jǐn)?shù)與整數(shù)的相除 if(rhs = 0) /若分母為零，顯示錯誤信息并退出 cout<< "錯誤：除數(shù)為零！n"<< "按任意鍵終止！"getch();abort(); fraction quot(lhs.numerator(), lhs.denominator() * rhs); /通過構(gòu)造函數(shù)完成賦值quot.simplify(); /分?jǐn)?shù)約分returnquot;fraction operator (const fraction &base, intexp)fractionreturnvalue;r

26、eturnvalue.setnum(pow(base.numerator(), exp); /通過函數(shù)完成returnvalue.setden(pow(base.denominator(), exp); /分子分母冪乘returnreturnvalue;bool operator= (const fraction &lhs, const fraction &rhs) /重載"="判斷兩分?jǐn)?shù)是否相等returnlhs.decimal() = rhs.decimal();bool operator!= (const fraction &lhs, cons

27、t fraction &rhs) /重載"！="判斷兩分?jǐn)?shù)是否不等returnlhs.decimal() != rhs.decimal();bool operator>= (const fraction &lhs, const fraction &rhs) /重載">="判斷前分?jǐn)?shù)是否大于等/于后分?jǐn)?shù)returnlhs.decimal() >= rhs.decimal();bool operator<= (const fraction &lhs, const fraction &rhs) /

28、重載"<="判斷前分?jǐn)?shù)是否小于等/于后分?jǐn)?shù)returnlhs.decimal() <= rhs.decimal();bool operator> (const fraction &lhs, const fraction &rhs) /重載">"判斷前分?jǐn)?shù)是否大于/后分?jǐn)?shù)returnlhs.decimal() >rhs.decimal();bool operator< (const fraction &lhs, const fraction &rhs) /重載"<"

29、;判斷前分?jǐn)?shù)是否小于/后分?jǐn)?shù)returnlhs.decimal() <rhs.decimal();bool operator= (const fraction &lhs, intrhs) /重載"="判斷分?jǐn)?shù)與整數(shù)是否相等returnlhs.decimal() = rhs;bool operator!= (const fraction &lhs, intrhs) /重載"！="判斷分?jǐn)?shù)與整數(shù)是否不等returnlhs.decimal() != rhs;bool operator>= (const fraction &l

30、hs, intrhs) /重載">="前分?jǐn)?shù)是否大于等于整數(shù)returnlhs.decimal() >= rhs;bool operator<= (const fraction &lhs, intrhs) /重載"<="前分?jǐn)?shù)是否小于等于整數(shù)returnlhs.decimal() <= rhs;bool operator> (const fraction &lhs, intrhs) /重載">"前分?jǐn)?shù)是否大于整數(shù)returnlhs.decimal() >rhs;bool

31、operator< (const fraction &lhs, intrhs) /重載"<"前分?jǐn)?shù)是否小于整數(shù)returnlhs.decimal() = rhs;ostream& operator<< (ostream&os, const fraction &f) /重載輸出運(yùn)算符fraction temp = f.absval();intnumer = f.numerator();intdenom = f.denominator();if(!(numer> 0 &&denom> 0) |

32、(numer< 0 &&denom< 0) &&f != 0) os<< '-' /分子分母不同號就輸出"-"if(temp.numerator() = 0 | temp.denominator() = 1)os<<temp.numerator(); / 分子為0或分母為1時(shí)就輸出分子elseos<<temp.numerator() << '/' <<temp.denominator();/其他情況輸出此分?jǐn)?shù)returnos; / istr

33、eam& operator>> (istream&is, fraction &f) /is:輸入流，f:待輸入的分?jǐn)?shù)intnewnum, newden;char slash = ' 'dois>>newnum>> slash >>newden; / while(slash != '/');f.setnum(newnum);f.setden(newden);return is; /準(zhǔn)備工作結(jié)束，下面開始主函數(shù)。void main()int choice;char cls;cout<<

34、;"是否清屏？（y/n）n"cin>>cls;if(cls='y'|cls='y')system("cls"); /getch();cout<<" 歡迎使用分?jǐn)?shù)計(jì)算器！n"cout<<" n"cout<<" n"cout<<" <1>簡單計(jì)算 n" cout<<" n"cout<<" n"cout<<

35、;" <2>分?jǐn)?shù)測試 n"cout<<" n"cout<<" n"cout<<" <3>分?jǐn)?shù)混合運(yùn)算 n"cout<<" n"cout<<" n"cout<<" n"cout<<"請選擇：n" /選擇功能cin>>choice;if(choice>6|choice<1) cout<<"

36、輸入無效，請重新選擇：n" main(); /回到主菜單 else switch(choice) /進(jìn)入函數(shù)case 1: simple();break;case 2: test();break;case 3: complex();break; /main(); /- void simple() /"簡單計(jì)算"函數(shù)fraction f1;fraction f2;fraction sum;charfuhao,yn;int f3,kind;choose:cout<<" <1>分?jǐn)?shù)與分?jǐn)?shù)n"cout<<"

37、 <2>分?jǐn)?shù)與整數(shù)n"cout<<" <3>返回n"cout<<"請選擇：n"cin>>kind; if(kind=1) /分?jǐn)?shù)之間計(jì)算 cout<<"請輸入第一個分?jǐn)?shù)：" /輸入數(shù)據(jù)cin>>f1;cout<<"n請輸入第二個分?jǐn)?shù)："cin>>f2;cout<<"n請輸入運(yùn)算符："cin>>fuhao;f1.simplify(); /分?jǐn)?shù)約分f2.sim

38、plify();switch(fuhao) /進(jìn)入計(jì)算case '+':cout<<"nsum="<<f1+f2<<endl;break;case '-':cout<<"nsum="<<f1-f2<<endl;break;case '*':cout<<"nsum="<<f1*f2<<endl;break;case '/':cout<<"nsum

39、="<<f1/f2<<endl;break; else if(kind=2) /分?jǐn)?shù)與整數(shù)之間運(yùn)算cout<<"請輸入第一個分?jǐn)?shù)："cin>>f1;cout<<"n請輸入第二個整數(shù)："cin>>f3;cout<<"n請輸入運(yùn)算符："cin>>fuhao;f1.simplify();switch(fuhao) /進(jìn)入計(jì)算case '+':cout<<"nsum="<<f1+

40、f3<<endl;break;case '-':cout<<"nsum="<<f1-f3<<endl;break;case '*':cout<<"nsum="<<f1*f3<<endl;break;case '/':cout<<"nsum="<<f1/f3<<endl;break;/case '':cout<<"nsum="

41、;<< f1 f3 <<endl;break;else if(kind=3)main(); /返回else cout<<"輸入錯誤！請重新選擇：n"goto choose;getch();cout<<endl;cout<<"是否繼續(xù)？（y/n）n" /詢問繼續(xù)與否cin>>yn;if(yn='y'|yn='y')simple(); else main(); /返回菜單 /- void test() /測試函數(shù)charyn;fraction f1; fr

42、action f2; /定義兩個分?jǐn)?shù)f1,f2 / clrscr(); /利用>>重載輸入f1,f2cout<< "第一個分?jǐn)?shù):n"cin>> f1;cout<< "n第二個分?jǐn)?shù):n"cin>> f2;f1.simplify();f2.simplify();cout<<"對兩分?jǐn)?shù)進(jìn)行+,-,*,/運(yùn)算n" fraction sum = f1 + f2; fraction diff = f1 - f2;fraction prod = f1 * f2;fraction

43、quot;if(f2 != 0)quot = f1 / f2;cout<< f1 << " + " << f2 << " = " << sum << " n"cout<< f1 << " - " << f2 << " = " << diff << " n"cout<< f1 << " * "

44、 << f2 << " = " << prod << " n"cout<< f1 << " / " << f2 << " = "if(f2 != 0)cout<<quot<< "n"elsecout<< "無意義！nn"cout<< "boolean operator tests (1 = true, 0 = false)n

45、"cout<< f1 << " = " << f2 << ": " << (f1 = f2) << 'n'cout<< f1 << " != " << f2 << ": " << (f1 != f2) << 'n'cout<< f1 << " >= " << f2 <

46、;< ": " << (f1 >= f2) << 'n'cout<< f1 << " <= " << f2 << ": " << (f1 <= f2) << 'n'cout<< f1 << " > " << f2 << ": " << (f1 > f2) << &

47、#39;n'cout<< f1 << " < " << f2 << ": " << (f1 < f2) << "nn"cout<<"分?jǐn)?shù)測試完畢！n"getch(); /return 0;cout<<endl;cout<<"是否繼續(xù)？（y/n）n"cin>>yn;if(yn='y'|yn='y')test();else mai

48、n(); /- void complex() /"混合運(yùn)算"函數(shù)fraction f1;fraction f2;fraction sum;char op1,op,yn; /sum.fraction();f2.fraction(); op1=' 'cout<<"請輸入分?jǐn)?shù)四則運(yùn)算的計(jì)算式，以'#'結(jié)束：n"cin>>f1>>op;while(op!='#') cin>>f2;switch(op) case '+':case '-'

49、:switch(op1) case ' ':sum=f1;break;case '+':sum=sum+f1;break;case '-':sum=sum-f1;break; op1=op;f1=f2;break;case '*':f1=f1*f2;break;case '/':if(f2!=0)f1=f1/f2;break; elsecout<<"除數(shù)為零！n"goto end;default:cout<<"n"goto end;cin>>

50、;op; switch(op1)case ' ':sum=f1;break;case '+':sum=sum+f1;break;case '-':sum=sum-f1;break; cout<<"="<<sum<<'n'end:;cout<<endl;cout<<"是否繼續(xù)？（y/n）n"cin>>yn;if(yn='y'|yn='y') complex();elsegetch();main(); 6.程序測試：調(diào)試部分：（1）：剛開始編寫gc