U1B5 Using Language

1、Unit1Using Language COPERNICUS REVOLUTIONARY THEORYAims:1.To know about Copernicus revolutionarytheory;2. To improve the students reading ability.1.Do you know what is the center of the solar system?2.Can you name the eight planets in the solar system?Lead-in Warming up Eight Planets In the Solar Sy

2、stem .Mercury 水星水星Venus 金星金星Earth 地球地球Mars 火星火星Jupiter 木星木星Saturn 土星土星Uranus 天王星天王星Neptune 海王星海王星Pluto 冥王星冥王星(除去除去)Eight Planets In the Solar System:Self-study Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish astronomer (1473-1543). Born in Torun, he began his university studies in Krakow in 1491, where he studied

3、canon law and Latin and Greek classics. However he also had an interest in mathematics and astronomy. After obtaining his degree of Doctor of Canon Law (教會(huì)法規(guī)博士學(xué)位教會(huì)法規(guī)博士學(xué)位)in Italy in 1503, Copernicus returned home to Warmia in Poland to serve as Canon (=priest) . In 1530, Copernicus completed his gre

4、at work De Revolutionibus (天體天體運(yùn)行論運(yùn)行論).Copernicus knew that these findings would lead him into trouble with the Roman Catholic Church (羅羅馬天主教教徒馬天主教教徒), so he was in no hurry to publish his theory. He only published it as he lay dying in 1543. Though Copernicus did not live to hear of its extraordina

5、ry impact, the book which first suggested that the Sun, not the Earth, is the centre of the universe is now recognized as one of the most influential scientific works of all time. 哥白尼哥白尼(Nicolaus Copernicus, 1473-1543), 波蘭天文學(xué)家、日心說創(chuàng)立者波蘭天文學(xué)家、日心說創(chuàng)立者, 近代天文學(xué)的奠基人。近代天文學(xué)的奠基人。 哥白尼經(jīng)過長期的天文觀測和研哥白尼經(jīng)過長期的天文觀測和研究究,

6、 創(chuàng)立了更為科學(xué)的宇宙結(jié)構(gòu)體創(chuàng)立了更為科學(xué)的宇宙結(jié)構(gòu)體系系日心說日心說, 從此否定了在西方統(tǒng)從此否定了在西方統(tǒng)治達(dá)一千多年的地心說。治達(dá)一千多年的地心說。日心說經(jīng)歷了艱苦的斗爭后日心說經(jīng)歷了艱苦的斗爭后, ,才為人們才為人們所接受所接受, , 這是天文學(xué)上一次偉大的革這是天文學(xué)上一次偉大的革命命, ,不僅引起了人類宇宙觀的重大革新不僅引起了人類宇宙觀的重大革新, ,而且從根本上動(dòng)搖了歐洲中世紀(jì)宗教而且從根本上動(dòng)搖了歐洲中世紀(jì)宗教神學(xué)的理論支柱。神學(xué)的理論支柱?！皬拇俗匀豢茖W(xué)便從此自然科學(xué)便開始從神學(xué)中解放出來開始從神學(xué)中解放出來”,“,“科學(xué)的發(fā)科學(xué)的發(fā)展從此便大踏步前進(jìn)展從此便大踏步前進(jìn)”（

7、恩格斯（恩格斯自自然辯證法然辯證法）。）。 哥白尼著有闡述日心說的哥白尼著有闡述日心說的天體運(yùn)行論天體運(yùn)行論(1543(1543年出版年出版),),由于受到時(shí)代的局限由于受到時(shí)代的局限, ,在在日心說中保留了所謂日心說中保留了所謂“完美的完美的”圓形軌圓形軌道等論點(diǎn)。其后道等論點(diǎn)。其后開普勒開普勒建立行星運(yùn)動(dòng)三建立行星運(yùn)動(dòng)三定律定律, ,牛頓牛頓發(fā)現(xiàn)萬有引力定律，以及行發(fā)現(xiàn)萬有引力定律，以及行星光行差、視差相繼發(fā)現(xiàn)星光行差、視差相繼發(fā)現(xiàn), ,日心說遂建日心說遂建立在更加穩(wěn)固的科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)上。立在更加穩(wěn)固的科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)上。 We know the first scientist is Copernicu

8、s. He was one of the first scientists to use mathematical observations to collect information. He believed the sun is the center of the universe and the earth and other planets went around it. The chart on P.7 shows his theory.Pre-readingBirth: February 19, 1473 Death: May 24, 1543 Place of Birth: T

9、oru, Poland Career: 1491-1494 Studied mathematics at Krakw Academy 1496 Went to Italy to study astronomy and law at the University of Bologna Nicolas Copernicus1497 Began observations of the Sun, Moon, and planets 1514 Wrote Commentariolus, an outline of his astronomical ideas, but did not circulate

10、 it widely 1543 Published De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial) 1. At Copernicus time, Christian Church was in charge of many western countries.Read through the passage, and tell whether the following statements are true or false.Reading 3. Copernicus didnt show h

11、is new theory to his friends until he completed it. 4. His friends were not interested in his ideas.2. Copernicus noticed that observed from the earth, some planets appear in front of or behind the earth.5. Since he was not afraid of being attacked by the Church, Copernicus published his book as soo

12、n as he finished working on it. 6. Newton, Einstein, and Hawking are all scientists who made contributions to the study of the universe. Before Copernicus theoryShowing Copernicus theoryA diagram showing the solar system with the earth at its centreA diagram showing the solar system with the sun at

13、its centreRead carefully and try to draw the two theories of the universe.1. What conclusion did Copernicus mathematical calculations lead to?2. Why couldnt he tell anyone about the theory?3. How many years did Copernicus work on the problem to complete his theory?4. When did Copernicus publish his

14、theory?5. Do you think its right for Copernicus to publish his theory that late?Read the text and answer the following questions.His mathematical calculations led to the conclusion that the earth was not the center of the solar system.1.What conclusion did Copernicus mathematical calculations lead t

15、o?Because the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea.2. Why couldnt he tell anyone about the theory?4 years.3. How many years did Copernicus work on the problem to complete his theory?Students give their own answers.5. Do you think its right for Copernicus

16、 to publish his theory that late?He published his theory as he lay dying in 1543.4. When did Copernicus publish his theory?2 If you were Nicolaus Copernicus, would you have hidden your theory for so many years? Give your reasons. As a scientist, Copernicus was more cautious than coward. If he had pu

17、blished his ideas at his time, he would have been killed just as Bruno who was burnt to death because his theory was against the Christian Churchs. Every time a new idea appears, there are always rejections. Its normal. Scientists should have patience to spread their truth.1) 這個(gè)句子，好像一點(diǎn)也講不通。這個(gè)句子，好像一點(diǎn)

18、也講不通。 The sentence doesnt seem to make sense.2) 你編的故事我聽不明白。你編的故事我聽不明白。 Your story doesnt make sense to me.1 make sense 講得通；有道理講得通；有道理Language points2 enthusiastic: be interested in 熱情的熱情的; 熱心的熱心的 Shes very _ singing. We explain our plan, and he is very_.enthusiastic about / overenthusiasticenthusiastic enthusiasm enthusiastically She shows boundless _ for the work. She greeted him _ with a kiss. She is very _ about Easter