初中介詞講解(共9頁)

1、 介詞講解 課標(biāo)要求了解及掌握介詞的基本用法，能夠辨別介詞詞組的意義與區(qū)別，并且，要求學(xué)生可以在具體的語言環(huán)境中準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用介詞的用法。一， 考綱要求1. 掌握常見介詞的基本用法，如表示時(shí)間，方位，方式的介詞的基本用法 2.介詞構(gòu)成短語的意義，用法，及意義的區(qū)別。2. 命題趨勢(shì)：介詞的基本用法中的表示時(shí)間的介詞；介詞短語的固定搭配在選擇題，完型題中的考查。二， 考點(diǎn)表示時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)及方式的介詞基本用法；基本固定介詞短語的用法，及易混詞組的區(qū)分。三， 介詞知識(shí)精講1. 概念 介詞（虛詞），不能在句子中獨(dú)立充當(dāng)成分。它總是用于名詞、代詞、或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞類 或短語活從句前。 中考需要掌握的 11 個(gè)

2、介詞：in、on、at、to、from、by、with、for、about、after、before 表示時(shí)間的介詞。2. 介詞的句法功能A、作定語：The book on the table is mine.B、作狀語：We have breakfast at seven.（表時(shí)間）； They were late for meeting because of the heavy rain（表原因）； They started the machine by pressing the button.（表方法）C、作表語：My dictionary is in the bag.D、作賓語補(bǔ)足語：

3、I found him in the office.3.介詞基本用法A.表示時(shí)間的介詞in表示年、季節(jié)、月份、周，或泛指上午、下午或晚上；on表示某一天，某一天的上午、下午或晚上；at表示某一時(shí)刻或時(shí)間上的某一點(diǎn)。  at表示具體“鐘點(diǎn)”時(shí)間at seven o'clockat half past twoon主要用于具體的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上，還用于具有某種特征的一天。on Mondayon August 8th, 2008on the night of National Dayon a rainy eveningin用于世紀(jì)、年、季節(jié)、月in the

4、21st century / in 2010in spring / in January表示在一段時(shí)間以后in a week（一周以后）固定用法in the morning / afternoon / eveningAt noon; at nightat noon / night / midnightin 的第二種用法。表示“在一段時(shí)間以后”：in， after 兩者區(qū)別：I will come back in a week. 我一周后將回來。 I came back after a week. 我一周后回來了?！癷n+時(shí)間段”表示將來時(shí)（用在表示將來時(shí)的句子中）；“after+ 時(shí)間段”表示

5、過去時(shí)（用在表示一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的句子中）。例題： “What do think Joe will be _ five years?” “He will be a policeman. ”B.表示方位的介詞表位置時(shí)：Ø in “在.內(nèi)/里面” in the desk _on意為 “在的上面”； on the desk _ “在兩邊”、“在左邊/右邊” on the right/left _在樹上in the tree 逗留在樹上的鳥，人等 on the tree 生長在樹上的葉子，果實(shí)等在墻上 in the wall 窗戶，釘子，洞孔等嵌入墻內(nèi)的東西 on the wall 地圖，畫像等

6、懸掛，張貼在墻上的東西在報(bào)上 in the newspaper 印刷在報(bào)紙上的內(nèi)容 on the newspaper 放在報(bào)紙上的東西，眼睛、書等Ø over意為“在（垂直）的正上方”；above意為“在（不一定垂直）的上方”；1. 都可表示“高于”，over 主要表示垂直在上的正上方，而 above 則不一定表 示正上方。2. 均可表示數(shù)目、數(shù)量等的“多于”、“超過”、“以上”。 指數(shù)量時(shí)， over(more than) 表示“超過” above(=higher than) 指上下垂直的度量以及海拔高度e.g：You have to

7、0;be over 18 to see this film. 你得超過十八歲才能看這部電影。 The mountain is over(more than)4,000 metres above (higher than) sealevel.  那座山海拔有四千多米高。3. 若含有動(dòng)態(tài)或覆蓋的意味，通常用 over，而不用 above。  She put her coat

8、0;over the sleeping baby. 她把大衣蓋在那正在睡覺的孩子身上。   Theres a cloth over the table. 桌上攤著一塊臺(tái)布。    She put her hands over her face. 她用手遮住臉。Ø under意為“在（垂直的）正下方”；e.g. under the chair _below意為“在（不一

9、定垂直）的下方”；低于e.g. temperature will fall below zero _-over-under；above-belowØ near意為“在附近”；next to意為“緊挨著”；round / around意為“在周圍”；by意為“在旁邊”（stand by）；表地點(diǎn)：in 在范圍較大的地方； at 在范圍較小的地方study_ home; arrive_ Beijing; _ the bus stop; 表示兩者的位置關(guān)系時(shí)：in表示“在同一區(qū)域內(nèi)或同一范圍內(nèi)”； on表示“接壤；相鄰”； to表示“相離；相隔”，兩者不屬同一范圍，也不接壤。Taiwan

10、is in the east of China. _India is on the south of China._Japan is to the east of China._介詞意 義例 句on在上His book is on the desk.under在下The football is under the chair.in在里There is a pencil case in the schoolbag.in front of在前There is a tree in front of the house.behind在后He is standing behind me.beside在旁

11、邊Tom is sitting beside the window.C.表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的介詞by意為“在之前；不遲于”；for意為“歷時(shí)之久；持續(xù)”；in意為“在以后；在時(shí)間內(nèi)”；since意為“自從以來；自以后”；until用于否定句中，意為“直到才”，（not.until）用在肯定句中，意為“直到為止”a) 他已經(jīng)當(dāng)老師9年了。He has been a teacher _ nine years.b) 我已經(jīng)在這兒住了10年了。I have lived here _ ten years ago.c) 他十分鐘之后將會(huì)回來。He will be back _ ten minutes.d) 直到

12、五月，我們才會(huì)看到一些花。We dont see any flowers _ May.e) 你必須得在這里站到太陽落下去為止。You must stand here _ the sun sets.f) 我明天早晨八點(diǎn)前必須得到校。I must be at school _ eight tomorrow morning.g）你能在五分鐘之內(nèi)干完這些工作嗎？Can you finish your work _ five minutes? D表示方式的介詞介詞用來表交通，常把by, in, on來用；by要直通海陸空，限定、復(fù)數(shù)用in / on；騎馬、騎車慣用on，小轎車前in才通?！咀ⅰ?/p>

13、1. by + 交通工具，意為“乘坐”。如：  海：be ship / boat / sea  陸：by bus / car / train / bike / taxi  空：by air / plane / spaceship2. on / in + 限定詞 + 交通工具，意為“乘坐”。（交通工具前面有the，ones等限定詞時(shí)，介詞不能用by，用in或者on）e.g He goes to work on the bike / in his car/on the train/on his mothers bike. 他騎自行車 / 開車/坐火車/ 騎他

14、媽媽的自行車去上班。3. on foot為固定短語，意為“步行”。E. 表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的介詞 across意為“從表面穿過”，或沿某一條線的方向而進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；through意為 “從內(nèi)部穿過”；past和by表示“從旁邊經(jīng)過或路過”。如： Please be careful when you go _ the street.   Look! The mosquito is trying to fly _ the window.   We often go _ a bakery on our way to school. F: 介詞練習(xí)題

15、：1.He kept his head _ water when he began to learn swimming, but he raised his head now and then   A. over             B. below           C. above          

16、0; D. up2. Another grand bridge will be built _ the Pearl River in our city.    A. along           B. up               C. on          &

17、#160;   D. across3. I'll leave Beijing for Guangzhou _ a week, while my brother will leave Guangzhou for Beijing _ our National Day.A. in, in               B. after, in        C. after, after  

18、60;  D. in, after4. The huge picture looks more beautiful _ the blue sky.A. against             B. to               C. over           &

19、#160; D. under5. The climate here doesn't agree _ her.A. to                  B. on               C. with          &#

20、160;  D. at6. Standard time in Beijing is eight hours _ Greenwich Mean Time(GMT格林威治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間).A. after                B. front            C. ahead of         D. forw

21、ard7. - Can you tell me whats your aim in life, Li Ping?- I am aiming _ a famous physicist.    A. at               B. for              C. in        &#

22、160;      D. to8. "Pass _ the bus, everyone." the conductor shouted politely.    A. on               B. into             C. to     

23、0;         D. along9. I was angry _ missing the gongfu film with Cheng Long as hero.A. at                   B. with            C. for  

24、            D. on10. We were anxious _ news of your safe arrival.A. to               B. of              C. for     

25、             D. at11. Tom was arguing _ the payment of the bill_ John.A. about; on       B. over; with      C. on; on             D. with; with12. The

26、y were astonished _ the news of his escape from prison.A. for              B. in               C. at                 

27、60; D. to 13. He was absorbed _ a book and didnt hear your repeated call.A. to               B. in               C. with               

28、 D. at14. - Are you familiar with the bank over there?- Only a little, I have an account _ it.A. in                   B. with                 C. to  &

29、#160;       D. of15. The doctor bent _ the boy and checked his wound.A. up              B. on                  C. above  

30、;          D. over16. Mary answered all the questions _ the last one, which she had never heard of before.   A. besides      B. except      C. apart from      D. except for17.

31、 Hunan lies _ such provinces as Hubei, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou and Chongqin.   A. among     B. above           C. beside       D. between18. The dying man is _ the help of the doctor.A. outside  

32、           B. without          C. out of       D. beyond19. I dont know why he blamed the accident _ me.A. at                 

33、0; B. to               C. for          D. on20. The horse is blind _ the left eye.A. to                   B. in

34、0;              C. for         D. on21. He is very strict with others, but he is always blind _ his own shortcomings.A. for                 

35、 B. to               C. with         D. in22. We will never forget this historical lesson written _ blood.A. by                   B. with   

36、          C. of           D. in23. It is said that a bridge is being built _ the river.A. under                B. to       &#

37、160;       C. over         D. at24. - How did you go to work yesterday? - I went to work _ my friends private car.A. by              B. in        

38、;       C. on               D. at25. The train leaves at 6:00 p.m., so I have to be at the station _ 5:40 p.m. at the least. A. until                B. after &#

39、160;              C. by              D. around26. I called _ you last night, but you were out.A. with     B. on       C. at    

40、60;  D. in27. You should write the first letter of the sentence _ capital one.A. on               B. with             C. in               D.

41、 at28. He is too careful _ his money; he never buys a drink for us.A. to           B. at       C. for      D. with29. Can you say _ certain when he will come here?A. at         

42、60;     B. for              C. with             D. in30. More than 20 years ago he was badly wounded in the anti-Vietnam war. Since then he can only walk _ an arm-chair .A. in   &#

43、160;       B. on               C. by       D. over31. Einstein didnt care for money. Once he used a check _ $1000 as a bookmark and then he lost it.A. for        

44、60;     B. of           C. about                D. to32. When the Chinese delegation arrived at Vienna airport, they were received _ cheers.    A. in    &#

45、160;           B. for              C. on           D. with33. The little boy is very clever _ every subject.A. at           B. in&

46、#160;          C. about        D. on34. Her clothes are very bright _ colour.   A. of   B. in   C. on    D. with35. Dont sit _the corner of the desk. Thats impolite for a student.A. on 

47、          B. in               C. to               D. at36. It is said that the step-mother is very cruel _ the children.A. with      &#

48、160;      B. at               C. about                D. to37. The boy is curious _ everything. I am sure he is very clever.A. to       

49、0;       B. about                C. with             D. in38. She is crazy _ the film star, while her brother is crazy _ surfing.A. to; for       

50、;       B. on; to               C. for; at      D. for; on39. Once everyone is _ his life, he will instinctively(本能) find every possible way _. A. in danger of; out of danger     &

51、#160;       B. in the danger of; out of danger C. in danger of; out of the danger         D. in the danger of; out of the danger40. Lets put our heads together and decide _ a plan of action. A. on        &

52、#160;     B. about                C. for              D. at41. During her study in Massachusetts Institute of Technology she has got the degree _ PhD, and it is a degree _ che

53、mistry. A. of; at      B. in; at               C. of; in               D. in; of42. In China children, even in their twenties depended _ their parents _ food and clo

54、thing. A. upon; on            B. on; in           C. on; for              D. at; to43. Our national scenery Zhangjiajie is so charming that it is _ descrip

55、tion. A. out                 B. beside               C. over             D. beyond44. _ the _ of modern industry, the pollution is beco

56、ming more and more serious.A. With; developing                     B. Under; developmentC. With; development                    D. Under; developing45. The twins look much like each other, but they are different _ nature. A. in                  B. about          &#