初中英語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完整詳細(xì)版附練習(xí)題

1、第七講初中英語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞講解1、 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的概念情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有具體的詞義，但也同助動(dòng)詞一樣，需要與其他詞語一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有四個(gè)特征：不能單獨(dú)做謂語，必須與其他動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語；沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化；情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后必須跟動(dòng)詞原形；具有助動(dòng)詞功能。2、 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法1. can的用法：1）表示能力，譯為“能、會(huì)”，即有某種能力，尤其是生來具備的能力，此時(shí) may和 must不可代替它。例句： She can swim fast, but I can她能游得很快，但我不能。例句：I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。2）表示許可,常在口語中。這里可以用 may代替。例句

2、：You can/may use my dictionary.你可以用我的字典。3）表示推測,意為“可能”，常用于否定句和疑問句中，此時(shí) can ' t不是“不能”而 是“不可能”。例句：The news is true.這消息是真的。一般疑問句：一 Is the news true?這消息是真的嗎？表推測、懷疑：一 Can the news be true?這個(gè)消息會(huì)是真的嗎？例句：-Can it be our teacher?那個(gè)人有可能是我們老師嗎？-No, it can ' t be our teacher. He isvisiting the Great Wall.不

3、可能。咱們老師正在游覽長城呢。【例題】一I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there.-No. She be there, I have just been there.A. can ' t B. mustn ' t C. needn ' t D. wouldn ' t注意：can和be able to 的區(qū)別表達(dá)“能夠”的時(shí)候，兩者可以互換。但是細(xì)微的差別在于：can強(qiáng)調(diào)與生俱來的能力，“能夠”；be able to 是后天習(xí)得的能力或者經(jīng)過努力、拼搏、奮斗而做成的事，

4、“有能力做”例句： They can/are able to be here on time.他們能夠及時(shí)趕到。例句: They were able to arrive here on time with his help.有了他的幫助，他們就能及時(shí)趕到這里了。例句： They can arrive here on time.他們能夠及時(shí)趕到這里。2. could 的用法：1） can的過去式，意為“能、會(huì)；表示過去的能力。例句：He could write poems when he was 10.他十歲時(shí)就會(huì)寫詩。2） could在疑問句中，表示委婉的語氣，此時(shí) could沒有過去式的意思

5、。例句：Could you give me a hand?你能幫我個(gè)忙嗎？例句：一 Could I use your pen?我能用一下你的鋼筆嗎 ？Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答是 can能夠）3. may |的用法：1）表示請(qǐng)求、許可，比 can正式例句：May I borrow your bike?我可以借你的自行車嗎？例句：You may go home now.現(xiàn)在你可以回家了。題例題】 I borrow your MP3?-Sure . Here you are.A. MayB. ShouldC. MustD. Would2）表示推測，談?wù)摽赡苄裕鉃椤翱赡?，或許&qu

6、ot;，一般用于肯定句也例句：It may rain tomorrow .明天可能會(huì)下雨。例句：She may be at home.她可能在家呢.3） may的過去式為 might ,表示推測，可能性低于may。例句：He is away from school. He might be sick.他離開學(xué)校了，可能是他生病了。4）表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可譯為“祝愿”。句型通常是may +主語+動(dòng)詞原形。例句：May you have a good time.祝你過得愉快。例句：May you be happy!祝你幸福！例句：May you succeed !祝你成功!4. must的用

7、法：1) must表示主觀看法，意為“必須、一定”。例句： You must stay here until I come back.在我回來之前你必須呆在這兒。例句：Must I hand in my homework right now?我必須現(xiàn)在交作業(yè)嗎？2)其否定形式mustn '法示"禁止，不準(zhǔn)，不允許”、“一定不要”、“千萬別”。例句： You mustn ' t play with fire.你不許玩火。例句： You mustn ' t be late.你一定不要遲到。3) must表示有把握的推測，“肯定”，用于肯定句。例句： The lig

8、ht is on, so he must be at home now.燈亮著，他現(xiàn)在肯定在家。4)對(duì)must引導(dǎo)的疑問句回答肯定回答為must否定回答為 needn ' t或don ' t have to例句：一Must I finish my homework?我現(xiàn)在必須完成作業(yè)嗎？一 No, you needn 7 No, you don ' t have to. 不，你不必。注意must反意問句的構(gòu)成形式:當(dāng)must表示肯定的判斷、推測時(shí)，其反意疑問句要用實(shí)際問句的助動(dòng)詞來反問。例句： She must have seen the film before, ha

9、sn ' tshe?例句： You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday, didn ' you?5. need的用法：1) need表示需要、必須，主要用于否定句和疑問句中。2)用need提問的回答：肯定回答為 must ,否定回答為needn ' t "沒有必要"或don ' t have to "不必"例句： 一Need I stay here any longer?我還有必要留在這兒嗎？Yes, you must . 是的。No. you neednt /do

10、nt have to.不，你不必。3） need還可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，此時(shí)有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。 如果是人作主語后邊多接動(dòng)詞不定式，即 need to do 。例句：I need to do it at once.我需要馬上做這件事。例句：He needs to learn more about the girl.他需要多了解那個(gè)女孩。 如果是物作主語，一般用 need doing 與need to be done 。例如： The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted.那扇門需要刷一下漆。例句： Your car needs r

11、epairing. = Your car needs to be repaired.你的車需要維修了。6.hall |的用法：shall表示征求對(duì)方意見（多用于第一、三人稱） 。例句：Shall we go out for a walk?我們出去散步好嗎？其回答方式有以下幾種：Yes, please. All right. No, thank you.在英語中，我們可以用其他多種方式提出我們的建議或征求對(duì)方意見。1） 用“ Let's do.”來提出建議。例句：Let's go for a walk after supper.我們晚飯后去散步吧。（和聽話者一起散步）例句：Let

12、 us go for a walk after supper.請(qǐng)讓我們晚飯后去散步吧。（征求聽話者意見）2） 用“What/How about.? ”來提出建訛out后接名詞或doing形式。例句：What about/How about a drink?喝一杯怎么樣？帶上湯姆和我們一起怎么樣?例句：What about/How about taking Tom with us?3) 用 “ Why not.?來提出建議，表示“何不面后接動(dòng)詞原ot。Whynot.?”實(shí)際上是" Why don't you/we？”的簡略形式。例句：Why not meet at the sc

13、hool gate at eight?不如八點(diǎn)在校門 口見吧？例句：Why don't we stay here another day?我們何不改天留在這里？4) 用“Would you like.?”來提出建議，意思是“你想要嗎第可Would you like接名詞或to do 。例句：Would you like a cup of tea?你想喝杯茶嗎？例句：Would you like to go and see her?你想去看看她嗎？因此，如果我們說：“去游泳好嗎？”英語中可有這樣幾種表達(dá)法：Shall we go for a swim?Let's go for a

14、 swim , shall we?What about/How about going swimming?Why not go for a swim?Would you like to go for a swim?What do you think of going for a swim?would you的回答方式有以下幾種：A. Yes, I will. (No, I won' t.)(不附/W。)Sure .(I' m sorry , I can(抱勒，星徽。)B. All right./ OK. / With pleasure./Certainly. (No, than

15、k you.)好的。/樂意效勞。/當(dāng)然。(不，謝謝。)C. Yes, please.好的，麻煩了?！纠}】 Would you give me a hand and pass on my thanks to Lily?A. That ' s right B. With pleasure C. It doesn ' t matter D. No trouble7. should 的用法：1) should意為"應(yīng)該”，可表示勸告、建議、義務(wù)、責(zé)任等。例句： We should protect the environment.我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)環(huán)境。2) should have

16、 done過去本應(yīng)當(dāng)做某事但卻沒有做，表示對(duì)過去動(dòng)作的責(zé)備、批評(píng)。例句： You should have finished your homework by now.3) 到目前為止你應(yīng)該已經(jīng)完成作業(yè)了。(事實(shí)上你沒有完成。)8.ill的用法:will表示意愿、意志、打算，可用于多種人稱。例句:I will help you if Im free this afternoon.今天下午如果我有空，我就會(huì)幫你。9. had better的用法：had better 意為“最好"，沒有人稱的變化，后面接不帶 to的不定式,其否定形式為：had better not 。例句：We had

17、better go now.我們最好現(xiàn)在就走。你最好不要把這本書給他。例句： You had better not give the book to him.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞練習(xí)題一、選擇題( )1. John come to see us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.A. may B. canC. has to D. must( )2. They do well in the exam.A. can be able toB. be able toC. can able toD. are able to()3. -May I take this bo

18、ok out?-No, you.A. can't B. may not C. needn't D. aren't( )4. You go and see a doctor at once because you're got a fever.A. can B. must C. dare D. would( )5. -Can you speak Japanese?-No, I.A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. may not( )6. -He be in the classroom, I think.-No

19、, he be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago.A. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; can't D. may; mustn't( )7. Even the top students in our class can't work out this problem, so it be very difficult.A. may B. must C. can D. need()8. He isn't at school. I think he be ill

20、.A. canB. willC. must D. has to()9.I take this one?A. May B. Will C. Are D. Do( )10. The children play football on the road.A. can'tB. can C. mustn't D. must( )11. You be late for school again next time.A. mustn't B. needn't C. don't have to D. don't need to()12. -Must I do m

21、y homework at once?-No, you.A. needn't B. mustn't C. can't D. may not( )13. His arm is all right. He go and see the doctor.A. has not to B. don't have to C. haven't to D. doesn't have to()14. He had to give up the plan,he?A. didB. didn'tC. does D. doesn't( )15. Must I

22、 return the hook tomorrow morning?No, you.You can keep it longer.A. mustn'tB. can'tC. needn'tD. couldn't()16. How long may I keep the book? You keep it for two weeks.A. mayB. mustC. will( )17. Susan, would you like to go hiking with us this afternoon?一I'd love to, but I study for

23、 a test.A. mayB. have toC. can()18.- May I go out now, Dad?-No. You let your mother know first.A. canB. mayC. needD. must()19. - Can I skate on the lake now?-No, you. It ' s dangerous.A. can ' tB. mustn ' tC. needn ' tD. won ' t( )20. Peter doesn ' t mind lending you his came

24、ra.He. I ' ve already borrowed one.A. needn ' tB. can ' tC. mustn ' t D. shouldn ' t( )21. - Good morning. I've got an appointment with Ms King in her office.-Morning. You be Mr. Jones. This way, please.A. willB. mustC. canD, might( )22.Dad, the bread is not enough. I am stil

25、l hungry. I have something more?-But there' s nothing in the fridge now.A. Must B. Need C. Will D. Can()23. Where's my music disc? I can't see it! You'd better the disc carefully in your bedroom.A. look upB. look throughC. look for( )24. - Do we have to go to school this afternoon?-Y

26、es, you.A. mustB. canC. need( )25. - Congratulations! You've got the first prize in the English Contest.一 it be true? It's unbelievable!A. MayB. ShouldC. MustD. Can()26. -May we go home now ?-No, you. You to go home until 5 o ' clock.A. mustn ' t; are allowedB. don ' t have to; are supposedC. needn ' t; aren ' t allowed D. can ' t; aren't supposed二、填空題：1. Must we leave now?-No, we .We still have two more hours.2. 一