大學英語Unit4 TextAB

1、中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學人文與發(fā)展學院外語系教案課程名稱：大學英語三級課程名稱：大學英語三級 教教 材：材：（全新版）大學英語（第 3 冊）單元主題單元主題：unit 4 extraterrestrials任課教師：任課教師： 授課班級：授課班級： extraterrestrialsextraterrestrialsbook 3 unit 4objectivestalk about extraterrestrials and outer spacewords in associationlanguage points and grammatical structureswrite narrative st

2、orieslanguage pointspessimist (l.3)ua person who always expects bad things to happenudont be such a pessimist!uyou dont have to be a pessimist to realize that were in trouble. 詞的拓展：詞的拓展：pessimist-optimistpessimism-optimismpessimistic-optimisticpessimistically-optimistically there is now a mood of de

3、epening pessimism about/over the economy. the doctors are pessimistic about his chances of recovery.on account of (l. 6)u(fml ) because of; as a result of; due to; owing to; thanks touthe house isnt really suitable for an old person on account of all those stairs.uthe president declined to deliver t

4、he speech himself on account of a sore throat.uaccount for: explain the cause of sth.解釋，說明uhis illness accounts for his absence.utake sth. into account: consider sth.uwhen judging his performance, dont take his age into account.ufoolish or unreasonable and deserving to be laughed atudont be ridiculo

5、us! you cant pay 500 yuan for a t-shirt!uthey ate and drank a ridiculous amount.u近義詞：近義詞：uabsurdridiculous (l.6)deputy (l. 10)un. the second most important person in a particular organization 副職， 副手， 代表， 代理人 uwhen the headmaster was away, the deputy head did his job. u當校長不在時，代校長代理他的工作。ua deputy was

6、appointed in case the manager became ill.u副手是經(jīng)理有病的時候被指定的代理人。 uto develop or produce gradually by mental or physical effort; to bring sth. into existence, esp. gradually or in stages; spend time and effort preparing; ushe went for a long walk to work up an appetite. (= to make oneself hungry)ui cant

7、work up any enthusiasm for his idea.uto increase ones skill, responsibility, efficiency, or status through workuworked up to 30 sit-ups a daywork up (l.11)tax (l. 11)un. 1) a contribution for the support of a government required of persons, groups, or businesses within the domain of that government.

8、 稅款，稅 uthese two shopkeepers are in prison for tax evasion.u這兩個店主因逃稅而坐牢。 u2) a burdensome or excessive demand; a strain.（常與on, upon連用）重負，負擔 ua tax on ones healthu健康上的負擔 tax (l. 11)uvt. 1) to place a tax on (income, property, or goods).征稅，課稅 uthe rich are heavily taxed. u富人被課以重稅。 u2) to make a charge

9、 against; accuse:（常與with連用）指責，責備，指控 uhe was taxed with failure to appear on the day appointed. u他被指責沒有在約定的日期出現(xiàn)。 u3) to make difficult or excessive demands upon: 使負重擔， 使受壓力 ureading in a poor light taxes the eyes. u在暗淡的光線下讀書很累眼睛。ua boss who taxed everyones patience.u耗費每個人的忍耐力的老板pension (l.13)un. an a

10、mount of money paid regularly to someone who can no longer earn (enough) money by workinguwhen added to social security payments, pensions enable many retired americans to live comfortably.ua pensioner is one who receives a pension, especially the retirement pension.uthe employees in many companies

11、put aside money for their retirement pensions. pension (l.13)allowance, installment, alimonya(n) allowance is a small amount of money given regularly to a child by its parents.if you pay for something in installments, you pay small sums of money at regular intervals over a period of time.分期付款 the al

12、imony is the money that someone has to pay regularly to their former wife or husband after they have been divorced.贍養(yǎng)費；生活費 disable (l. 13)uvt. make (a person) unable to use his/her body properlyuafter the war, many disabled veterans ended up miserably in germany. uthe new insurance rules specify tha

13、t the disabled for the public benefit are to receive bigger pensions. u新的保險條例規(guī)定因工傷殘者將得到更多的撫恤金.veteran (l. 13)un. 1）person with much or long experience, esp. as a soldier 老兵 ugrandfather is a veteran of the second world war. u祖父是參加過第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的老兵。uveterans day was originally established to honor american

14、s who had served in world war i.u老兵節(jié)最初的建立是來紀念那些在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)中服過兵役的人veteran (l. 13)u2）a person who is long experienced or practiced in an activity or a capacity 經(jīng)驗豐富的人，老手 ua veteran of political campaigns.u政治斗爭的老手 uadj. having had long experience or practice資格老的 ua veteran actor. u資深演員uthe veteran workers

15、 and model workers are held in high esteem in this factory. u老工人和勞動模范在這個工廠深受尊敬。u【同義詞】experienced a. 富有經(jīng)驗的例如：例如：complicated (l. 14)uadj. having many parts that are organized in a way that may be difficult to understand or deal withuthe new computer is too complicated even for a skilled operator to ha

16、ndle.uthe situation in afghanistan is so complicated that many people are uncertain what will happen next.uhe gave me directions, but they were so complicated i got lost.uvt. complicate; n. complicationuthe rescue operation was complicated by bad weather.uthe issue is complicated by the fact that a

17、vital document is missing.usynonyms: complex; elaboratecomplicated (l. 14) cf: complicated & complex兩者都有兩者都有“復雜復雜”之意。之意。 complex 意為“綜合的、合成的”，指組成某種機器的零件、構成某件事的因素或構成數(shù)學題的元素不僅很多，而且相互的關系或相互的作用也令人眼花繚亂，需要深入研究或具有專門的知識才能理解。the complex mechanism of a watchphysics is a rather complex subject involving the

18、study of matter and motion(運動). complicated具有complex的一切意義，但更強調(diào)復雜得難以解釋或理解。一道算式題可能非常complex，但未必complicated；而一道complicated的算式題，一般總是complex的。例如： that puzzle is too complicated for the children.那謎語對兒童來說太難了。approachable (l. 17)u形容人，表示易親近的、友好的（形容人，表示易親近的、友好的（friendly and easy to talk to）；）； u形容某個地方，形容某個地方，

19、 意為可接近的（意為可接近的（able to be reached from a particular direction or by a particular means）。）。uwhy do you think by april 14, bart cameron isnt approachable? uaccording to the author, bart cameron is an impatient man and gets very irritable when he has to work up his income tax. april 15 is the deadline

20、for tax forms to be mailed. so on april 14 some people stay up late trying to finish all the tax forms. since cameron has got very complicated tax figures, he naturally grows particularly impatient and testy when working on them.uinformaluto take a break or rest from; stop; to cease workuits after12

21、; lets knock off for lunch.uto complete, accomplish, finishuthat author knocks off three novels a year.uto get rid of, eliminateuknocked off 12 pounds in a monthuto hold up or robuknocked off a bankuto copy or imitate, esp. without permissionuknocking off someone elses ideasknock off (l.21)uinformal

22、; go to beduive got a busy day today, so i think ill hit the sack.u有關有關hit的短語的短語:uhit the decku起床；被打倒；準備行動 uhit the roofu大發(fā)脾氣，暴跳如雷大發(fā)脾氣，暴跳如雷 uhit the bottleu貪杯；酗酒；用酒瓶喝酒貪杯；酗酒；用酒瓶喝酒hit the sack/hay (l.21)curse (l. 21)un. 1) swear 詛咒, 咒罵 uour tribe is under a curse. 我們的部族正遭天譴。ui hit my finger with the h

23、ammer and cursed silently to myself.u我的手指被錘子擊中了，我暗自咒罵自己。u2）a source or cause of evil; a scourge禍因, 禍根 ufoxes can be a curse to farmers. 狐貍可給農(nóng)民帶來禍害。u“selfishness is the greatest curse of the human race” u“自私是人類最大的禍根”。 uvt. to invoke evil or misfortune upon; damn咒罵 uhe cursed the waiter who had spille

24、d soup on him. u他咒罵那個把湯濺在他身上的男侍者。curse (l. 21)ube cursed with 受折磨, 不幸有毛病, 因而受害ube under a curse 被詛咒, 遭天災;ucall down a curse upon sb. 詛咒人;u【辨 析】 curse, damn都含“咒詛，咒罵”的意思。curse 是常用詞, 指求神降災禍給某人或某物。 damn 主要用于粗俗的語句中, 表示“詛咒”。u【反義詞】bless vt. 祝福, 保佑u【同義詞】swear vi. at詛咒, 宣誓, 發(fā)誓column (l. 22)un. 1) a tall pill

25、ar 柱，圓柱 ua column of mercury 水銀柱uthe roof of the temple was held up by a row of stone columns.u2) a series of numbers arranged one under the other 隊，縱隊，直行 uhe asked the children to add up the long column of figure. ushe added up the first column of figures and entered the total at the bottom.u3） a f

26、eature article that appears regularly in a publication, such as a newspaper欄，專欄（文章） uthere are two columns on each page of this dictionary. u【派 生】 columnist n. 報刊專欄作者un. a spacecraft in the shape of a tube that is driven by a stream of gases let out behind it when fuel is burned insideulong march ca

27、rrier rocketuv. to increase very quickly and suddenly usales of milk in supermarket are rocketing.uunemployment has rocketed up again.urocketing pricesrocket (l.25)u(eyes) stick out or cause (eyes) to stick out; annoy sbuthe naughty kid from next door put a frog in my mailbox, which really bugged me

28、.uhis eyes bugged with horror.bug (l.29)usmall insectsuhe closed the windows to keep the bugs out.ua small living thing causing disease, typically a bacterium; a germuim running a fever; i must have picked up a bug somewhere. bug (l.29)uan error or malfunction in a computer program or systemuthe sys

29、tem failed again because of a bug in that old software. ua miniature microphone was concealed to eavesdrop or record illicitly the conversation on the telephone uthe telephone in her room was bugged. udebug: to identify and remove errors from computer hardware of software uhe is debugging the comput

30、er. bug (l.29)uadj. not before n. very similaruthe twins are as alike as two peas in a pod.ufriends are generally alike in background and tastes.uadv. in a very similar wayugreat minds think alike.uthey dress and walk alike.uthey tried to treat all their children alike.alike (l.37)locality (l. 46)un

31、. 1) the position of sth. (pl.) 位置, 地點 uhaving lived in california for about ten years, they moved to another locality.u在加利福尼亞住了十年，他們搬到了另一個地方。 u2) a particular neighborhood, place, or district 地區(qū), 現(xiàn)場 ulocalities, even individual villages, developed their own languages. u每一地區(qū)，甚至小村子都有他們自己的語言。u【派生詞】 u

32、localism n. 方言, 地方主義, 地方觀念u localize v. （使）局部化, （使）地方化, 停留在一地方uadj. (of buildings and places) far away from any othersuisolated rural areasuwithout so much contact with other people or other countriesuelderly people easily become socially isolated.uvt. isolateua high wall isolated the house from the

33、 rest of the neighborhood.un. u isolationuthe country has been threatened with complete isolation from the international community unless the atrocities stop.uthe prisoner was kept in isolation for three days.isolated (l. 48)uto start to use a particular method or to show a particular attitude towar

34、ds sb/sthuall three teams adopted different approaches to the problem.uwe adopted the new method of making wine.uto take another persons child legally into your own family to raise as your own childuany childless couple may adopt a child.un. adoptionuadoption gives many needy children a future as we

35、ll as giving many childless couples a family.uadj. adopteduamerica is isaac asimovs adopted country.adopt (l.52)ua particular way of doing sth; a particular type of sth.urailways are the most important mode of transport for the economy.ua mode of communication/behavioru他突然富有起來了，從而改變了他的整個生活方式。uhe sud

36、denly became wealthy, which changed his whole mode of life.mode (l.52)appearance (l. 53)un. 1）the act or an instance of coming into sight.出現(xiàn)，顯露，露面 uthe principals appearance at the party didnt seem to be very welcome.u2) outward aspect:外貌, 外觀 uan untidy appearanceu外表不整潔uhe had an unhealthy appearanc

37、e. u看起來他身體不太好。u3) a superficial aspect; a semblance表面現(xiàn)象, 外貌，外表 udont judge by appearances. 不能以貌取人。ukeeping up an appearance of wealth保持富有的樣子light (l. 54)umental understanding as an enlightening experience啟發(fā)；明白；理解；領悟ucome/bring to light 成為人所周知usee the light 了解真相；接受看法uthrow/shed light on 解釋，使顯得清楚u1) b

38、e attracted by; like or prefer, admire 愛好，對有特別喜歡ui dont go for war films in a big way. u what sort of men do you go for? u2) to attack攻擊 uan opponent who is known to go for the jugular (djul對手的致命弱點，致命處) in argumentsu在辯論中以犀利有力而有名的對手 u3) to pass for or serve as用作 ua couch that also goes for a bed u一個可

39、用作床的長沙發(fā)。go for sth. (l. 55)(l. 55) go 的一些搭配的一些搭配 go after追趕，追求 go against反對， 違背 go ahead進行，開始 go along進行，進展 go at攻擊，努力做go back on 違背（諾言等）go into 進入，參加，開始從事go through 查找，經(jīng)歷， 被批準 go under 失敗，破產(chǎn)，沉沒 go with 跟相配，與相伴; go without 沒有ushut and open your eyes rapidlyustaring for hours at a computer screen dri

40、es out the eyes as people blink less.uill be back before you can blink. (= very quickly)uwhen i told him the news he didnt even blink. (= showed no surprise at all)uin the blink of an eye: extremely quicklyuin the blink of an eye, he has gone.uon the blink: broken; no longer working correctlyuwhen a

41、 machine is on the blink, it is not working correctly.blink (l.59)upay no attention, even if the situation is bad or there are difficulties; despite; in spite of everythinguthe job is open to all, regardless of previous experience.uthe weather was terrible but we carried on regardless (ad). uregard:

42、 n. regard to/for sb./sth.usome only children have no regard for other peoples feelings.ushe gives little regard to her sisters teasing.ugive the family my best regards. (=good wishes pl.)regardless(l.60)uregard: v. regard asuher parents always regarded her as the cleverest of their children.u“titan

43、ic” is regarded as his best film so far.uprep. regarding; as regards sb/sth; in/with regard to 關關于于 ushe has said nothing regarding your request.ui have little information as regards her fitness for the post.uevery country has laws in regard to human rights.regardless(l.60)ucompletely available to h

44、elp sb.uif you need anything. i am at your service.ube of service (to sb.): to be useful or helpfulucan i be of service to you?u“thank you so much for that.” “im glad to have been of service.”udo sb. a service: to do sth. to help someoneuyouve done me a great service. thank you.at ones service (l. 6

45、0-61)arrangement (l. 62)un. 1) the act or process of arranging（常pl.）安排，準備工作 uthe arrangement of a time and place for the meeting.uwe have made arrangements to turn out the goods as early as possible. u我們已做好安排，盡早生產(chǎn)此貨。 u2) the condition, manner, or result of being arranged; disposal 整理，排列，布置 uprovided

46、 flowers and saw to their arrangement.u提供花卉并保證為他們布置uthere was an arrangement of furniture in the hall. u大廳里陳列著家具。supreme (l. 72)uadj. greatest in power, rank or degreeuthe supreme court meets in washington, d.c., and the other federal courts are located in cities throughout the united states.uthey a

47、rgued that the security council was the supreme authority and the general assembly had in fact no right to authorize peacekeeping activities.u他們辯稱安理會擁有最高職權，而聯(lián)合國大會事實上沒有對維和行動進行授權的權力。go to pieces (l. 74)uif you go to pieces, you are so upset or nervous that you lose control of yourself and cannot do wh

48、at you should do.uanne is a strong woman, but she nearly went to pieces when she heard her colleague died in the car accident.uvisit sb. at their houseu“why didnt you come around while you were in beijing on business?”uhalfway through the party, a neighbor came around to complain about the noise.uto

49、 change your opinion of something, often influenced by another persons opinionudo you still dislike your major, or have you come round to thinking its all right?uif an event that happens regularly come round, it happens at its usual timeuchristmas comes round so quickly!come around/round (l.76)有關有關“

50、造訪造訪”、“順便訪問順便訪問”的短語：的短語：call at/on 短暫拜訪call in 順路到某處call off取消drop in 順便走訪drop in on sb. 順便走訪某人stop by 順便訪問stop in 順便訪問pay a visit 造訪come around/round (l.76)leave alone (l. 85)uallow one to be by oneself; allow sb. or sth. to remain untouched or unchanged ui told you to leave that vase alone - now y

51、ouve broken it.uits useless to talk to her since she is so upset; just leave her alone.garbage (l. 89)un. nonsense; rubbish; crapupeter was talking a lot of garbage about taxation.ufamily members hauled bags of trash out to the garbage can, and, once or twice a week, collection crews would dump them

52、 into a garbage truck.heave (l. 101)uvt. raise or lift with great effortuthey had to heave the piano onto the stage.uthe teacher heaved mary to her feet and took her to the office.un. u1. u the ability to use words in a clever and humorous wayuhe was known for his sharp/dry/quick wit.u2. c a person

53、who is skilled at using words in a clever and humorous wayumark twain was a well-known wit.u3. (also wits) quick understanding; intelligenceuhe lacked the wit to respond in time.wit (l.102)ucollocation:ucollect/gather ones wits使自己鎮(zhèn)定下來，不慌亂ua man of wits風趣的人ufrighten/scare sb. out of his wits把嚇得魂不附體ua

54、t ones wits/wits end: be so worried by a problem that you do not know what to do next 智窮技盡；再也沒有辦法了ushe was at her wits end wondering how shed manage it all in the time.wit (l.102)make like (l.103)u(infml) act as if one were; pretend to be 假裝，裝扮做 uthe child was holding up his arms making like a tree.

55、uthe old man made like a monkey to amuse the children.ustop making like you know everything, ok?ushe made like she was about to leave, but then stayed for hours.make like (l.103)umake構成的幾個詞組：umake up of 由組成 umake believe +sb. sth. clause 假裝，裝扮 umake for 朝前進, 促成，有助于 umake out 看出，辨認出, 理解，了解, 寫出umake u

56、p 組成，構成, 補充, 和解, 化裝,編造knock sb./sth. down (l.103)u1) cause someone to fall to the ground by pushing or hitting himuthe old man died in hospital after being knocked down by a car.uthe driver was in serious trouble for knocking down a pedestrian on a pedestrian crossing.u2) destroy and remove sth.uthe

57、 house is being knocked down to make way for a new road.uwere planning to knock the dividing wall down so as to make one large room.u3) informal; to reduce the price of sth.: knock sth. down (from sth.) (to sth.)uhe knocked down the price from $80 to $50.catch sight of (l. 103)usee for a moment一眼看見，

58、瞥見 uif you ever catch sight of him anywhere, call the police. ui caught sight of her just as she turned the corner and disappeared. usight的一些搭配：uat first sight 初看起來 uat / on sight 一見就uin sight 看得見，在望，在即 uout of sight 看不見catch sight of (l. 103)ucollocation: ucatch a glimpse of 瞥見;ui caught a glimpse

59、through the window of a figure hurrying by.ucatch the vision of 看見；洞察ucatch hold of 抓住ushe caught hold of his arm and wouldnt let go.ubecome less bright; disappear graduallyuthe curtains had faded in the sun. / the sun had faded the curtains.uhis voice faded to a whisper.ufade out: to disappear grad

60、ually; become less clear or quieteruas its getting colder and colder, their enthusiasm for doing sports in the morning faded out.umy daughters interest in drawing has now almost completely faded out. ufade in: to appear gradually; become clearer or louder（使）淡入，漸顯ufade away逐漸凋謝；慢慢減弱fade (l.109)3. paraphr