完善工程監(jiān)理制度提高綜合管理水平分析與探討中英文對(duì)照

1、 關(guān)于完善工程監(jiān)理制度提高綜合管理水平分析與探討中英文對(duì)照about improve project supervision system improves the management level of the comprehensive analysis and discussion. in both chinese and english1997年中華人民共和國(guó)建筑法以法律的形式明確推行建設(shè)工程監(jiān)理制度，國(guó)家的建設(shè)工程監(jiān)理制度正式得到推行，對(duì)承包單位工程質(zhì)量、進(jìn)度、安全和資金使用等方面代表建設(shè)單位實(shí)施監(jiān)督管理，對(duì)規(guī)范建設(shè)工程領(lǐng)域的操作，規(guī)劃工程建設(shè)、控制工程質(zhì)量、協(xié)調(diào)工程運(yùn)作起到了不可估

2、量的作用。1997 "law of the people's republic of china" in the form of the law adopts the system of project construction supervision, construction engineering supervision system formally get of the implementation of the country, over the contractors engineering quality, progress, safety, and

3、 funds and so on are used to represent the construction unit responsible for the supervision and management, to the operation of the standard for construction engineering, planning and project construction, project quality control and coordinate the engineering operations played an inestimable role.

4、 一、完善建設(shè)工程監(jiān)理制度的意義the meaning of a, perfecting the system of project construction supervision 1、利于規(guī)范工程建設(shè)參與各方的建設(shè)行為1, to regulate the behavior of construction for the construction of the parties involved 在建設(shè)工程實(shí)施的過(guò)程中，工程監(jiān)理單位可以適當(dāng)建議性避免由于建設(shè)單位不了解建設(shè)工程相關(guān)的法律、法規(guī)、管理程序和市場(chǎng)行為準(zhǔn)則造成的不當(dāng)建設(shè)行為。工程監(jiān)理單位還可以依據(jù)委托監(jiān)理合同以及相關(guān)建設(shè)工程合同，在建

5、設(shè)全過(guò)程約束建設(shè)單位的建設(shè)行為。采取事前防范，事中及時(shí)制止，事后批評(píng)、處罰和調(diào)整等措施最大限度的規(guī)范工程建設(shè)。有利于對(duì)工程材料的控制，機(jī)具設(shè)備的運(yùn)用，技術(shù)方法操作的規(guī)范。in the process of construction project, the construction supervising units may be recommended to avoid appropriately due to the construction unit does not understand related laws, regulations, management procedures

6、and market conduct construction caused by the improper behavior. the construction supervising units can also be based on the agency appointment contract for project and related contract for construction project, construction unit of the behavior in the whole construction process constraints. beforeh

7、and to prevent to take, things to stop in time, second-guessing, punishment and adjustment measures such as maximum standard engineering construction. conducive to the control of the engineering material, the use of machines and equipment, technique specifications of the operation. 2、有利于建設(shè)工程預(yù)定功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)并

8、使工程質(zhì)量達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)2, is advantageous to the construction projects due to the realization of the function and the engineering quality up to standard 隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，建設(shè)規(guī)模逐步加大，建設(shè)領(lǐng)域的矛盾也日益尖銳化，安全事故頻發(fā)，個(gè)別地區(qū)形式十分嚴(yán)峻，在廣大人民群眾中造成了不良影響，給人們帶來(lái)了巨大的財(cái)產(chǎn)損失甚至是危及生命。在建設(shè)過(guò)程中實(shí)行建設(shè)工程監(jiān)理制度，有既懂技術(shù)又懂法律以及相關(guān)安全知識(shí)的專業(yè)監(jiān)理人員的參與，可以及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)并改正建設(shè)過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的違章、違規(guī)行為，提高工

9、程建設(shè)質(zhì)量并使之達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，保證建設(shè)工程的順利完成，保障了人民生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全，最終有利于社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展。along with the development of our country's economy, construction scale is gradually increasing, contradiction is increasingly violent, in the field of construction safety accident frequency, the form of individual regions is very serious, cause

10、d the bad influence in the people, give people brought huge damage to property or even life-threatening. shall practise a system of construction project supervision in construction process, there is know both technology and understand the law and safety knowledge related to the participation of prof

11、essional supervision personnel, can be identified and corrected in time in the construction process of illegal, illegal behavior, improve the quality of construction and make it reach the standard, ensure smooth completion of the construction project, the people's life and property security, in

12、the end is conducive to social stability and development. 3、有利于提高建設(shè)工程安全生產(chǎn)管理水平3, to improve construction engineering safety production management level 建設(shè)工程監(jiān)理單位對(duì)建設(shè)單位實(shí)行安全監(jiān)理制，有利于防止和避免安全事故的發(fā)生，還可以通過(guò)建設(shè)工程監(jiān)理單位的介入，充分發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)機(jī)制，改變政府被動(dòng)的安全檢查方式，共同形成安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)管合力，提高我國(guó)建設(shè)安全生產(chǎn)管理水平。construction the construction supervising un

13、its shall carry out the safety supervision of construction units, is beneficial to prevent and avoid the happening of safety accidents, can also through the involvement of construction project supervision unit, give full play to market mechanism, change the way the government passive safety inspecti

14、on, together form the safe production supervision to improve the level of construction safety production management in our country. 二、我國(guó)建設(shè)監(jiān)理制度存在的主要問(wèn)題second, the main problems of the construction supervision system in china 1、對(duì)建設(shè)監(jiān)理認(rèn)識(shí)存在誤區(qū)，監(jiān)理獨(dú)立性難以體現(xiàn)1, wrong understanding of construction supervision, su

15、pervision of independence is difficult to reflect 雖然建筑法、建設(shè)工程質(zhì)量管理?xiàng)l例及建設(shè)工程監(jiān)理規(guī)范等法律、法規(guī)文件中明確闡述了建設(shè)監(jiān)理的概念、性質(zhì)、工作內(nèi)容，以及監(jiān)理單位與建設(shè)單位、承包單位等之間的關(guān)系，但在對(duì)建設(shè)監(jiān)理的認(rèn)識(shí)方面，仍有不少建設(shè)單位和承包單位存在著誤區(qū)。有的建設(shè)單位認(rèn)為，委托監(jiān)理公司進(jìn)行工程監(jiān)理只是迫于法規(guī)制度的規(guī)定，來(lái)履行手續(xù)和完善資料。還有一些建設(shè)單位和承包單位認(rèn)為，委托監(jiān)理就是找了一個(gè)質(zhì)量責(zé)任承擔(dān)者?！敖ㄔO(shè)單位花錢雇監(jiān)理”，權(quán)利是建設(shè)單位的，責(zé)任是監(jiān)理單位的，如果出現(xiàn)質(zhì)量問(wèn)題，責(zé)任就是監(jiān)理單位的。另外，監(jiān)理由于與委托單位屬

16、甲、乙方關(guān)系，因此監(jiān)理工程師在實(shí)際工作中很難以獨(dú)立的第三方身份開展工作。特別是當(dāng)委托方與施工單位關(guān)系密切時(shí)，監(jiān)理常常成為擺設(shè)。而監(jiān)理工程師的決策和指令也易受到其它部門和單位的干擾，致使監(jiān)理工程師無(wú)法獨(dú)立行使權(quán)利。although "building law", "construction engineering quality management regulation" and "standard of construction engineering supervision" and other laws, regulations

17、, file a clear definition of the concept of construction supervision is expounded, nature, working content, as well as the supervision unit and construction unit, contractor, etc. the relationship between, but in the understanding of construction supervision, there are still many construction units

18、and contractors there is a myth. some construction unit that on supervision company for engineering supervision is just under the provisions of the laws and regulations, to fulfill the formalities and perfect information. and some construction units and contractors that is looking for a quality resp

19、onsibility on supervision contract. "supervision of the construction unit pay", the right is the construction unit, the responsibility is the supervision unit, if appear quality problem, the responsibility is the supervision unit. in addition, the supervision with the entrusted unit belong

20、s to the relationship between party a and party b, so the supervision engineer in the practical work is very hard to independent third party identity work. especially when close to the clients and construction units, supervision often become a decoration. and supervision engineer of the decisions an

21、d instructions are also prone to interference by other departments and units, the supervision engineer is unable to independently exercise their rights. 2、監(jiān)理人員的整體素質(zhì)不高2, supervision personnel's overall quality is not high 我國(guó)的建設(shè)監(jiān)理事業(yè)發(fā)展到今天，凝聚了廣大監(jiān)理從業(yè)人員的心血。但總的來(lái)說(shuō)，由于監(jiān)理市場(chǎng)的不規(guī)范，阻礙了監(jiān)理行業(yè)健康有序的發(fā)展。有些監(jiān)理單位短期行為思想較

22、嚴(yán)重，不愿意在人才的引進(jìn)、培養(yǎng)、留用等方面投入資金和感情，致使監(jiān)理人員的收入不高，自身事業(yè)發(fā)展無(wú)大的突破，造成優(yōu)秀監(jiān)理人才的嚴(yán)重流失。由于監(jiān)理人員的整體素質(zhì)與所承擔(dān)的監(jiān)理任務(wù)在很多方面的不相適應(yīng)，造成工程項(xiàng)目的監(jiān)理深度不夠。加之工程建設(shè)中各方面因素的影響，在一定程度上制約了建設(shè)監(jiān)理事業(yè)的發(fā)展。china's construction supervision enterprise develops to today, condensed the general supervision of the employees. but in general, because of the sup

23、ervision market is not standard, hindered the healthy and orderly development of supervision industry. some supervision enterprise short-term behavior is serious, don't want to in such aspects as talent introduction, training, retention money and feelings, the supervisory staff's income is n

24、ot high, its no big breakthrough in career development, resulting in the loss of a serious of good supervision. due to the supervision of the whole quality of the staff and supervision of the does not adapt, in many ways cause the supervision of the project is deep enough. combined with the influenc

25、e of the factors in engineering construction, to some extent, restricted the development of the cause of the construction supervision. 3、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)理服務(wù)不到位three, site supervision service does not reach the designated position 由于監(jiān)理費(fèi)太低，監(jiān)理公司拿到工程后，首先考慮的就是控制成本，而最主要控制成本的手段就是減少人工費(fèi)用，這就意味著減少項(xiàng)目配備的監(jiān)理人員，或者是雇用廉價(jià)、素質(zhì)較低的監(jiān)理人

26、員，而在市場(chǎng)上隨意招聘的人員，相當(dāng)一部分人員都為無(wú)證上崗，或者缺少?gòu)臉I(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，人員招來(lái)后，很少進(jìn)行崗前培訓(xùn)，直接送到工地現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，造成人員不到位或者人員素質(zhì)差等現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)，致使監(jiān)理職能不到位，服務(wù)質(zhì)量降低；另一方面是監(jiān)理公司無(wú)力添置監(jiān)理設(shè)備，必要的設(shè)備儀器，依賴專業(yè)檢測(cè)機(jī)構(gòu)，日常所需檢測(cè)儀器則依靠承建商。due to the supervision fee is too low, after obtaining engineering supervision company, consider above all is to control costs, and the main means of

27、cost control is to reduce labor cost, that means that reduce project supervision personnel, or hire cheap and low quality of personnel, and recruit staff at will in the market, a significant number of personnel for unlicensed mount guard, or lack of experience, after the staff recruit, rarely pre-se

28、rvice training, delivered to the site directly, cause staff does not reach the designated position, or the emergence of phenomena such as difference of personnel quality, the supervision function does not reach the designated position, lower quality of service; supervision of supervision company is

29、unable to acquire equipment on the other hand, the necessary equipment instrument, rely on professional testing organization, daily testing instrument depend on the contractor. 三、我國(guó)建設(shè)工程監(jiān)理制度的完善措施three, the measures for perfecting the system of project construction supervision in our country 1、健全建設(shè)監(jiān)理單

30、位體制1, improve the system of construction supervision unit 健全建設(shè)監(jiān)理單位體制應(yīng)從加強(qiáng)對(duì)監(jiān)理單位的監(jiān)督管理方面著手。improve the system of construction supervision units should strengthen the supervision and management aspects of the supervision unit. (1)從準(zhǔn)入等級(jí)方面著手。重點(diǎn)核實(shí)監(jiān)理單位在相關(guān)主管部門登記的總監(jiān)理工程師與專業(yè)監(jiān)理工程師等執(zhí)業(yè)注冊(cè)人員與實(shí)際情況是否一致。(1) from the ent

31、ry level aspects. key verification supervision units in the relevant departments in charge of registration's chief supervision engineer and professional supervision engineer and other professional registration staff with the actual situation. (2)從監(jiān)理執(zhí)業(yè)人員的流動(dòng)方面著手。各級(jí)建設(shè)行政主管部門應(yīng)對(duì)監(jiān)理上崗人員進(jìn)行流動(dòng)報(bào)備登記管理，減少監(jiān)理人員

32、過(guò)于頻繁的流動(dòng)，保持監(jiān)理執(zhí)業(yè)人員的相對(duì)穩(wěn)定性與持續(xù)性。(2) from the flowing aspects of supervision practitioners. construction administrative departments at all levels to reported to the registration administration supervision duty personnel flow, reduce the flow of supervision personnel too frequently, maintain the relative s

33、tability of the supervision practitioners and sustainable. 2、理清建設(shè)工程監(jiān)理單位與建設(shè)單位的關(guān)系2, clarify construction project supervision unit and construction unit of the relationship 許多的建設(shè)工程監(jiān)理單位與建設(shè)單位之間有著緊密的聯(lián)系，對(duì)此應(yīng)予以糾正。例如，在依照投標(biāo)程序選定監(jiān)理單位時(shí)，應(yīng)嚴(yán)格按照招投標(biāo)程序進(jìn)行操作，開展公平、公正、公開的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，使不具有利害關(guān)系的建設(shè)工程監(jiān)理單位進(jìn)入建設(shè)監(jiān)理活動(dòng)，以便于提供高效優(yōu)質(zhì)的監(jiān)理服務(wù)。between

34、many of the construction project supervision unit and construction units are closely linked, this must be corrected. selected in accordance with the bidding process, for example, the supervision unit, shall be in strict accordance with the bidding procedures, fair, just and open competition, make th

35、e construction the construction supervising units do not have an interest in construction supervision activities, in order to provide efficient quality supervision services. 3、加強(qiáng)對(duì)監(jiān)理執(zhí)業(yè)人員的培訓(xùn)3, strengthen the training of supervision practitioners 加強(qiáng)對(duì)監(jiān)理執(zhí)業(yè)人員的培訓(xùn)，提高監(jiān)理人員的專業(yè)知識(shí)與素質(zhì)，是提高監(jiān)理質(zhì)量切實(shí)有效的途徑。監(jiān)理人員的素質(zhì)是監(jiān)理單位形

36、象的窗口，監(jiān)理單位應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)其員工的培訓(xùn)與考核。對(duì)不同學(xué)歷、不同資質(zhì)的監(jiān)理人員進(jìn)行分類與重組，達(dá)到人才的優(yōu)化配置，并根據(jù)監(jiān)理人員的不同情況進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)。例如，一個(gè)組中設(shè)有數(shù)名經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富者，同時(shí)配設(shè)一些剛畢業(yè)的學(xué)生，設(shè)有數(shù)名高學(xué)歷者，同時(shí)配設(shè)一些學(xué)歷不高者，使得資歷低、學(xué)歷低些的監(jiān)理人員可以從事一些基本的輔助性的工作，在鍛煉其自身能力的同時(shí)減輕資歷高、學(xué)歷高的監(jiān)理人員的工作壓力。此外，對(duì)不同資質(zhì)、不同學(xué)歷的監(jiān)理人員，分別安排與其相適應(yīng)的專業(yè)培訓(xùn)。practitioners to strengthen supervision of the training, improve the professiona

37、l knowledge and quality of supervisory staff, is the way of improve the quality of supervision, practical and effective. supervision personnel's quality is the window of the image supervision unit, supervision unit should strengthen the training of its staff and assessment. with different degree

38、, different classification and qualification of supervision personnel restructuring, achieve the optimized allocation of talent, and according to the different situation of supervision of personnel training. , for instance, has several experienced person in a group, at the same time, a few graduate

39、students, has a number of highly educated, and at the same time, a few degree is not high, make low qualifications, low degree of supervision personnel can be engaged in some of the basic supporting work, while exercise their own ability to reduce the high qualification, high degree of supervision p

40、ersonnel working pressure. in addition, with different qualifications, different degree of supervision personnel, respectively arranged with appropriate professional training. 4、貫徹落實(shí)關(guān)鍵部位與關(guān)鍵工序的旁站制度4, the implementation of the key positions and key process station system 監(jiān)理工作的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)放在事前控制與事中控制，而不是事后控制。在關(guān)

41、鍵部位與關(guān)鍵工序的施工過(guò)程中，監(jiān)理人員應(yīng)進(jìn)行巡視、旁站或平行視察，防微杜漸，而不應(yīng)待建設(shè)工程已成事實(shí)才算總賬。其原因在于關(guān)鍵部位、關(guān)鍵工序一旦完成，輕則返工影響工程工期，重則觸犯強(qiáng)制性條文，給建設(shè)工程留下嚴(yán)重的質(zhì)量隱患。一旦建設(shè)工程出現(xiàn)了質(zhì)量問(wèn)題，雖然施工單位有著不可推卸的責(zé)任，但同時(shí)也能夠反映出監(jiān)理單位在監(jiān)理深度、事前事中控制方面的缺陷。因此，編制符合監(jiān)理工程特點(diǎn)的、針對(duì)性強(qiáng)的監(jiān)理旁站計(jì)劃并在實(shí)際監(jiān)理活動(dòng)中貫徹落實(shí)，顯得尤為重要。supervision of the work should focus on the beforehand control and beforehand cont

42、rol, rather than control after the event. in key areas and key process of the construction process, supervision should be patrol, parallel to the side or inspection, veterinarian, and should not stay reckoning construction project has become a fact. its reason lies in the key parts, key working proc

43、edure once completed, light rework affect the construction period, or violate the mandatory provisions, to leave serious hidden dangers for the quality of the construction project. once the construction project quality problems, although the construction unit has the unshirkable responsibility, but

44、also can reflect the supervision unit control deficiencies in supervision depth, advance things. therefore, accord with the characteristics of supervision of engineering, well-targeted supervision station planning and management activities of the implementation in practice, is particularly important

45、. 5、構(gòu)建數(shù)字化監(jiān)理模式5, build digital supervision mode 作為工程監(jiān)理這個(gè)高智能、高技術(shù)含量的行業(yè),利用計(jì)算機(jī)的強(qiáng)大功能對(duì)工程相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行集成化管理,逐步構(gòu)建數(shù)字化監(jiān)理模式,提高監(jiān)理工作的準(zhǔn)確性及高效性。所謂“數(shù)字化監(jiān)理”,最淺顯或最直觀的一種就是通過(guò)設(shè)置在建筑施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)較重要、關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)位上攝像探頭,把現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施工情況傳送到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)理部的計(jì)算機(jī)屏幕上,用于監(jiān)視工地的施工進(jìn)度以及安全情況。工程項(xiàng)目所需的各種信息(如設(shè)計(jì)圖紙、規(guī)范標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、監(jiān)理中各種函件以及工程照片、音像等)均能直接被計(jì)算機(jī)識(shí)別和處理。數(shù)字化監(jiān)理模式在資料、檔案的檢索中通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行智能化檢索,檢索速度快、效率高、范圍廣。as engineering supervision in the high intelligence, high technology content industry, proje