(word完整版)1994—2017年歷年考研英語真題集+答案[1]

1、19942017年歷年考研英語真題集含答案- 120 - 于2016.1.25整理完成2017年考研英語一試題及答案解析section use of englishdirections:read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark a, b, c or d on the answer sheet. (10 points) could a hug a day keep the doctor away? the answer may be a resounding "ye

2、s!"_（1）helping you feel close and _（2）to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a _（3）of health benefits to your body and mind. believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you _（4）getting sick this winter.in a recent study _（5）over 400 healthy adults, researchers from car

3、negie mellon university in pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs_（6）the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being_（7）to the virus. people who perceived greater social support were less likely to come_（8）with a cold, and

4、 the researchers_（9）that the stress-reducing effects of hugging _（10）about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. _（11）among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe_（12）."hugging protects people who are under stress from the

5、_（13）risk for colds that's usually _（14）with stress," notes sheldon cohen, a professor of psychology at carnegie, hugging " is a marker of intimacy and help _（15）the feeling that others are there to help_（16）difficulty."some experts_（17）the stress-reducing, health-related benefits

6、 of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone"_（18）it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstrea

7、m. but some of it _（19）in the brain, where it _（20）mood, behavior and physiology.1. abesidesbunlikecthroughoutddespite2. aequalbrestrictedcconnecteddinferior3. aviewbhostclessondchoice4. aavoidbforgetcrecalldkeep5. acollectingbaffectingcguidingdinvolving6. aonbincatdof7. adevotedbattractedclostdexpo

8、sed8. aalongbacrosscdowndout9. aimaginedbdeniedcdoubteddcalculated10.aservedbrestoredcexplaineddrequired11.athusbstillcratherdeven12.adefeatsbsymptomscerrorsdtests13.ahighlightedbincreasedccontrolleddminimized14.apresentedbequippedcassociateddcompared15.aassessbgeneratecmoderatedrecord16. ain the na

9、me ofbin the form ofcin the face ofdin the way of17.aattributebcommitctransferdreturn18.aunlessbbecausecthoughduntil19.aremainsbemergescvanishesddecreases20.aexperiencesbcombinescjustifiesdinfluences1abesidesbunlikecthroughoutddespite【答案】a【解析】根據(jù)本句句內(nèi)邏輯關(guān)系，“it turns out that hugs”說明擁抱還有其他結(jié)果。因此，前文的邏輯關(guān)系應(yīng)

10、該為“除此以外”，結(jié)合選項，abesides（除此之外）最為合適。2aequalbrestrictedcconnecteddinferior【答案】c【解析】本題實為邏輯關(guān)系題。根據(jù)句子前后結(jié)構(gòu)“helping you feel close and _（2）”，我們可以判斷，由于空格處與前面內(nèi)容通過and連接，說明我們要選擇一個單詞與feel close同義，并且要與后面介詞to 連用。因此，通過對于四個選項含義判斷，c選項有“關(guān)聯(lián)的”含義最為符合。3aviewbhostclessondchoice【答案】b【解析】此題為固定搭配?！癮 host of”表示大量的。其他選項搭配不合理。4aav

11、oidbforgetcrecalldkeep【答案】a【解析】根據(jù)題干信息“a warm embrace might even help you _（4）getting sick this winter.”中，出現(xiàn)“even”，表示“甚至”，說明此句話與上一句話存在遞進的邏輯關(guān)系。上一句話的語義表示“擁抱可以帶來大量的好處”，因此，這句話也應(yīng)該表示擁抱的好處。根據(jù)四個選項含義，aavoid（避免）bforget（忘記）crecall（回憶）dkeep（保持），a選項“避免生病”最符合文意。5acollectingbaffectingcguidingdinvolving【答案】d【解析】本題考查

12、現(xiàn)在分詞做后置定語，需要選擇一個現(xiàn)在分詞修飾前面的“study”，因此，結(jié)合四個選項acollecting（收集）baffecting（影響）cguiding(引導)dinvolving（涉及、卷入），根據(jù)句子含義，應(yīng)該表達“關(guān)于涉及400人”的研究。因此正確選項應(yīng)為d6aonbincatdof【答案】a【解析】本題為固定搭配。根據(jù)句義“examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs_（6）the participants'”考查固定搭配“examined the effectson st

13、h”因此，本題正確選項為a。7adevotedbattractedclostdexposed【答案】d【解析】根據(jù)句義“common cold after being_（7）to the virus.”“通常感冒是在。細菌之后發(fā)生的?！苯Y(jié)合選項含義adevoted（致力于）battracted（吸引）clost（丟失）dexposed(暴露于)，d選項“暴露在細菌中”符合文意。8aalongbacrosscdowndout【答案】c【解析】本題為固定搭配。acome along with(和。相處的好)bcome across with（償付）ccome down with（得病，感染）dco

14、me out with（出版，提出），結(jié)合語境，根據(jù)后面與cold（感冒）搭配，c選項“得感冒”搭配最為合理。9aimaginedbdeniedcdoubteddcalculated【答案】d【解析】本題為動詞與賓語從句搭配問題。根據(jù)原文“the researchers_（9）that the stress-reducing effects of hugging_（10）about 32 percent of that beneficial effect.”動作的主語是“研究人員”，連接后面的賓語從句“擁抱減小壓力的作用”，并且有數(shù)據(jù)支撐。從選項含義aimagined（想像）bdenied（否

15、認）cdoubted（懷疑）dcalculated（計算，推測）來看，賓語從句部分應(yīng)為研究人員計算推測出的結(jié)果。因此，選項d符合要求。10aservedbrestoredcexplaineddrequired【答案】c【解析】本題為動詞含義考查。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，“the stress-reducing effects of hugging _（10）about 32 percent of that beneficial effect.”本題同樣考查研究人員做出的研究結(jié)果，因此，結(jié)合選項含義aserved（服務(wù)）brestored（存儲）cexplained（解釋）drequired（要求），c選

16、項“解釋”符合語境要求。11athusbstillcratherdeven【答案】d【解析】本題為邏輯關(guān)系題。athus（因此，表示因果關(guān)系）bstill（仍然，表示強調(diào)關(guān)系）crather（相反，表示對比關(guān)系）deven（甚至，表示遞進關(guān)系）根據(jù)文章上下文邏輯，下文是對上文做進一步說明，因此選擇遞進關(guān)系比較符合邏輯關(guān)系。d為正確選項。12adefeatsbsymptomscerrorsdtests【答案】b【解析】形容詞與名詞搭配問題。根據(jù)語境“the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs h

17、ad less severe_（12）”所選詞要與severe構(gòu)成合理搭配，再結(jié)合前文語境是關(guān)于對于擁抱實驗的結(jié)果。因此，bsymptoms(癥狀)符合語境要求。正確選項為b。13ahighlightedbincreasedccontrolleddminimized【答案】b【解析】本題為形容詞修飾。根據(jù)原文"hugging protects people who are under stress from the _（13）risk for colds that's usually _（14）with stress,"，需要選擇一個形容詞來修飾risk。在選項中，

18、ahighlighted（突出的）bincreased（增加的）ccontrolled（被控制的）dminimized（最小的），對比選項含義，b“增加的風險”更符合原文語境。14apresentedbequippedcassociateddcompared【答案】c【解析】此題為固定搭配題。a 和b選項不可以和with連接。cassociated可以和with連接，意為“與。有關(guān)聯(lián)”。dcompared和with連接表示“和。相比”不符合文章要求。因此，本題正確選項為c.15aassessbgeneratecmoderatedrecord【答案】b【解析】此題考查動賓搭配。根據(jù)原文“hugg

19、ing is a marker of intimacy and help _（15）the feeling”，需要選擇一個動詞能夠和后文的“the feeling”搭配。分析選項含義：aassess（評估）bgenerate（產(chǎn)生）cmoderate（緩和）drecord（記錄），四個選項中，b“generate the feeling”產(chǎn)生感覺搭配最為合理。因此正選為b。16ain the name ofbin the form ofcin the face ofdin the way of【答案】c【解析】此題為短語搭配題。分析選項含義ain the name of（以為名）bin the

20、 form of（以的形式）cin the face of（面對）din the way of（以的方式），結(jié)合文章語境，應(yīng)為“面對困難”搭配最為合理。因此，正確選項為c。17aattributebcommitctransferdreturn【答案】a【解析】此題為固定搭配題。即：attribute sth to sth .因此正確選項為a18aunlessbbecausecthoughduntil【答案】b【解析】此題為邏輯關(guān)系題。選項含義aunless（除非）bbecause（因為）cthough（雖然）duntil（直到。才）。結(jié)合原文語境，“often called "the

21、 bonding hormone"_（18）it promotes attachment in relationships,”（經(jīng)常被稱之為“形成親密關(guān)系的荷爾蒙”.它促進了關(guān)系的依賴。）從本句來看，前后文屬于因果邏輯關(guān)系。因此正確選項為b19aremainsbemergescvanishesddecreases【答案】a【解析】本題為動詞辨析。選項含義為aremains（仍然）bemerges（出現(xiàn)）cvanishes（消失）ddecreases（減少）結(jié)合語境信息“but some of it _（19）in the brain, ”c和d選項跟文章含義相反。而b 選項只表示一種

22、動作。a選項表示它仍然在大腦里存在，最符合文章要求，因此正確選項為a。where it _（20）mood, behavior and physiology.20aexperiencesbcombinescjustifiesdinfluences【答案】d【解析】本題為動詞辨析。選項含義為aexperiences（經(jīng)歷）bcombines（結(jié)合）cjustifies（替某人辯護，證明合理）dinfluences（影響）。根據(jù)原文語境，“where it _（20）mood, behavior and physiology.”能夠搭配后面并列的三個賓語“情緒、行為、和生理”，只有d“影響”因此正

23、確選項為d。section reading comprehensionpart adirections:read the following four texts. answer the questions below each text by choosing a, b, c or d. mark your answers on the answer sheet. （40 points）text 1first two hours, now three hours this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people sh

24、ow up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major u.s. airports with increasingly massive security lines.americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. the crash of egyptair flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the mediterranea

25、n sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. but demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. and it should: wasted time is a drag on americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.last year, the t

26、ransportation security administration(tsa) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons both fake and real past airport security nearly every time they tried. enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving econom

27、y and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as chicago's o'hare international. it is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become but the lines are obvious.part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airl

28、ine travel, so the tsa is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute

29、 this.there is one step the tsa could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: enroll more people in the precheck program. precheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the tsa. passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes.

30、this allows the tsa to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. tsa wants to enroll 25 million people in precheck.it has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background chec

31、ks. since the beginning, this price tag has been precheck's fatal flaw. upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. but congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance precheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.the tsa cannot continue diverting re

32、sources into underused precheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. it is long past time to make the program work.21. the crash of egyptair flight 804 is mentioned toa explain americans tolerance of current security checks.b stress the urgency to strengthen securit

33、y worldwide.c highlight the necessity of upgrading major u.s. airports.d emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22. which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?a new restrictions on carry-on bags.b the declining efficiency of the tsa.c an increase in the number of trav

34、ellers.d frequent unexpected secret checks.23. the word “expedited” (liner 4, para. 5) is closet in meaning toa quieter.b cheaper.c wider.d faster.24. one problem with the precheck program isa a dramatic reduction of its scale.b its wrongly-directed implementation.c the governments reluctance to bac

35、k it.d an unreasonable price for enrollment.25. which of the following would be the best  title for the text?a less screening for more safetyb precheck a belated solutionc getting stuck in security linesd underused precheck lanes答案：21-25 acddc 21. 答案【a】explain americans tolerance of curren

36、t security checks.解析：本題目為例證題，考察論點與論據(jù)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞the crash of egypt air flight 804定位到第二段第二句。例證題中的例子為論據(jù)，所要找的答案為論點，而論點在論據(jù)之前，因此該題目的答案是第二段的第一句話。二段首句說的是美國人愿意忍受長時間的安全檢查。正確答案a的americans tolerance是原文americans are willing to tolerate的原詞復現(xiàn)，current security checks是原文的time-consuming security 的同義轉(zhuǎn)化。干擾項b的urgency to st

37、rengthen security worldwide，原文未提及worldwide，屬于擴大范圍；選項c的major u.s. major airports屬于具體信息的干擾；選項d的privacy 隱私并未提及，是常識性干擾。 22. 答案【c】an increase in the number of travelers. 解析：本題目為原因細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的long waits at major airports定位到原文第三段的第二句，原文的resulted in 與題干中的contributed to是同義轉(zhuǎn)化，所以定位內(nèi)容就是提升的安全措施以及航空旅游的增加。正確答案c的an i

38、ncrease in the number of travelers 是原文a rise in airline travel的同義替換。干擾項a的carry-on bags是在第四段的最后一句出現(xiàn)的，非定位句內(nèi)容；選項b的tsa efficiency也出現(xiàn)在第四段；選項d的unexpected secret checks未提及。 23. 答案【d】faster.解析：本題目為詞義句意題，考察上下文邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)題干，定位到第5段第3句，“passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening

39、lanes”，結(jié)合下一句中的這樣會saving time for everyone involved，即可以節(jié)省時間的安檢，與選項對應(yīng)就是答案d faster更快。干擾項a更安靜，選項b更便宜，選項c更廣泛，都無關(guān)，屬于常識性干擾。 24. 答案【d】an unreasonable price for enrollment.解析：本題目為具體細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞problem with the precheck program定位到倒數(shù)第二段的第二句話 this price tag has been the prechecks fatal flaw.本句中的代詞this代詞指代本段第一句話，

40、說的是passengers必須每五年pay 85美元來做background checks。正確答案d中的unreasonable price 是原文的85美元，enrollment就是原文的process background checks。干擾項a其規(guī)模的極具下滑未提及，選項c其錯誤的執(zhí)行屬于過度推理，選項c政府不愿意支持是對原文的曲解。 25. 答案【c】getting stuck in security lines解析：本題目為全文主旨題。全文的中心主題出現(xiàn)在第一段和二段首句的范圍。第一段介紹事實背景，第二段首句提及了美國人對于安全檢查方面的狀況，并在下文提及了所出現(xiàn)的問題。正確答案c

41、安檢流程線陷入困境是對原文的總結(jié)概括。干擾項a的screening 是原文的具體細節(jié)，選項b和選項d的precheck是原文最后三段的內(nèi)容。text 2“the ancient hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote queen liliuokalani, hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. star watchers were among the most esteemed members of hawaiian society. sadly, all is not well with astronomy i

42、n hawaii today. protests have erupted over construction of the thirty meter telescope (tmt), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.at issue is the tmt's planned location on mauna kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some hawaiians as the piko, that c

43、onnects the hawaiian islands to the heavens. but mauna kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. rested in the pacific ocean, mauna kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed

44、clarity. opposition to telescopes on mauna kea is nothing new. a small but vocal group of hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation. some blame for the current controversy

45、 belongs to astronomers. in their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. they did not always prioritize the protection of mauna kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands' inhabitants. hawaiian culture is no

46、t a relic of the past； it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. the same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early polynesians to hawaii's shores inspires astron

47、omers today to explore the heavens. calls to disassemble all telescopes on mauna kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. perhaps that is why we explore

48、 the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes. the astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of mauna kea. the tmt site was chosen to minimize the telescopes visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmen

49、tal impact. to limit the number of telescopes on mauna kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. there is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on mauna kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. queen liliuoka

50、lanis remark in paragraph 1 indicatesa her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.b the importance of astronomy in ancient hawaiian society.cthe regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.d her appreciation of star watchers feats in her time.27. mauna kea is deemed as an ideal

51、astronomical site due toa its geographical features.b its protective surroundings.c its religious implications.d its existing infrastructure.28. the construction of the tmt is opposed by some locals partly becausea it may risk ruining their intellectual life.b it reminds them of a humiliating histor

52、y.c their culture will lose a chance of revival.d they fear losing control of mauna kea.29. it can be inferred from paragraph 5 that progress in todays astronomy  a is fulfilling the dreams of ancient hawaiians.b helps spread hawaiian culture across the world.c may uncover the origin of ha

53、waiian culture.d will eventually soften hawaiians hostility.30. the authors attitude toward choosing mauna kea as the tmt site is one ofa severe criticism.b passive acceptance.c slight hesitancy.d full approval.答案：26-30 babcd 26. 答案【b】the importance of astronomy in ancient hawaiian society.解析：本題目為具體

54、細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞queen liliuokalani的remark定位到第一段的第一句，所indicate的內(nèi)容是在第一段的第二句話，意思是觀星者是在hawaiian社會中最受尊重的成員。正確選項b的the importance of astronomy是原文star watchers were among the most esteemed members的總結(jié)概括，in ancient hawaiian society是原文的原詞出現(xiàn)。干擾項a的historical role屬于原文信息的曲解，選項c的regrettable decline未提及，過度推理，選項d不是in her

55、 time，是她評論ancient的觀星者。 27. 答案【a】its geographical features. 解析：本題目為具體細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的大寫字母mauna kea，以及關(guān)鍵詞ideal astronomical site定位到第二段but后面的內(nèi)容。but后面說mauna kea是世界上最有力量的望遠鏡home。本題目問的是原因，定位到本段最后一句，這里提到mauna kea的頂峰高于大部分的濃密大氣層。選項a中的geographical features就是地質(zhì)特色的意思，屬于同義替換。干擾項b的受保護的周邊環(huán)境未提及，是常識性干擾；選項c的宗教暗示根據(jù)本段首句worsh

56、ip進行干擾，不在定位句里；選項d現(xiàn)有的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施未提及。 28. 答案【b】it reminds them of a humiliating history.解析：本題目屬于原因細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞the construction of the tmt以及opposed by some locals定位到第四段第二句，這里提到a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation，對曾經(jīng)主權(quán)國家遭占領(lǐng)的痛苦提醒。選項b中的remind 是原文的原詞復現(xiàn)，a humiliating history（令人恥辱的歷史）是對the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation 的同義轉(zhuǎn)化及總結(jié)概括。 29. 答案【c】may uncover the origin of hawaiian culture.解析：本題目屬于細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第5段，關(guān)鍵詞progress in todays astronomy再第五段中沒有。此種情況下，考慮段落中心，即本段的段首，段尾及轉(zhuǎn)這句。先看首句無答案，看本段尾句提到，或許那就是我們探索星際空間的原因，好像會回答有關(guān)我們自己及我們真正祖先的最