很全的英語(yǔ)句子成分講解及句子類型[中小學(xué)校]

1、取得英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法成功的基石取得英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法成功的基石1教育類B詞類詞類作作 用用例例 詞詞1. （n.）名名 詞詞表示人或事表示人或事物的名稱。物的名稱。I bought a book .She is a student.2. (pron.）代詞代詞代替名詞、代替名詞、數(shù)詞等。數(shù)詞等。This is my friend. He likes that book becauseit is very useful to him. Parts of Speach2教育類B3. （adj.）形容詞形容詞表示人表示人或事物或事物的特征的特征或性狀?；蛐誀睢e is small but he is clever.

2、 The red pen is useful for the teacher. He painted the wall white yesterday.3教育類B4. (num.）數(shù)詞數(shù)詞表示數(shù)表示數(shù)目或順目或順序。序。There are ten apples on the table and I will take the first one.5. （v.）動(dòng)動(dòng) 詞詞表示動(dòng)表示動(dòng)作或狀作或狀態(tài)。態(tài)。We are working hard at English.I want to become an engineer.4教育類B6. （adv.）副副 詞詞表示動(dòng)表示動(dòng)作的特作的特征或性征或性狀

3、特征。狀特征。I like English very much.The teacher treats us kindly .The train goes fast. He seldom comes to see us. 7. (prep.）介介 詞詞表示名表示名詞、代詞、代詞和其詞和其他詞之他詞之間的關(guān)間的關(guān)系。系。He usually stay at home on Sundays.5教育類B8. （conj.）連詞連詞連接詞與詞連接詞與詞或句與句的或句與句的作用。作用。He and I are in the same class and we are good friends. Two o

4、r three of us can dance well but I cant .9. (interj.）感嘆詞感嘆詞表示強(qiáng)烈的表示強(qiáng)烈的感情感情Oh ! How beautiful the scene is! What a good idea! Goodness !10. （art.）冠詞冠詞用來(lái)限制名用來(lái)限制名詞的意義詞的意義I have a pet dog . The dog is very lovely. He is an old man but very strong.6教育類B一、主語(yǔ)一、主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)（主語(yǔ)（subject）：）：句子說(shuō)明的人或事物。句子說(shuō)明的人或事物。主語(yǔ)一般位于主語(yǔ)

5、一般位于_ 。1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after school is great fun.句首句首7教育類B 1. We love China. 2. She seems tired. 3. He can speak English 4. We have finished reading this book.二、謂語(yǔ)二、謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ):說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么做什么或或怎么樣怎么樣。通常由。通常由_ 充當(dāng)充當(dāng).動(dòng)詞常分

6、為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞常分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞.動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞（V.）8教育類B情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和和助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ),必須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)必須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ).They can speak English well.They are playing over there.9教育類B1）狀態(tài)狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞，用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)，只有，用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)，只有be （am,is ,are,was,were,been,being）一詞）一詞 He is a te

7、acher. 2）持續(xù)持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞，用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或系動(dòng)詞，用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有態(tài)度，主要有keep, remain, stay He always kept silent at meeting. 他開會(huì)時(shí)總保持沉默。他開會(huì)時(shí)總保持沉默。 系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞10教育類B3）表像表像系動(dòng)詞，用來(lái)表示系動(dòng)詞，用來(lái)表示看起來(lái)像看起來(lái)像這一概念，主要這一概念，主要有有seem, appear, look, 例如：例如：He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad.4）感官感官系動(dòng)詞，主要有系動(dòng)詞，主要有feel, smell, so

8、und, tasteThis flower smells very sweet. 11教育類B5）變化變化系動(dòng)詞，表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣，主要有系動(dòng)詞，表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, comeHe became mad after that. 6）終止終止系動(dòng)詞，表示主語(yǔ)已終止動(dòng)作，主要有系動(dòng)詞，表示主語(yǔ)已終止動(dòng)作，主要有prove, turn outThe rumor proved false. 這謠言證實(shí)有假。這謠言證實(shí)有假。His plan turned out a success. 他的計(jì)劃終于成功了。他的計(jì)劃終于成功了。12

9、教育類B謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)（V.）實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞13教育類B三、賓語(yǔ)三、賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)：動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么。一：動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么。一般放在般放在_或或_后面后面.1.We study English. 2.Our teacher said that he would go there.3.He is looking at the dog.雙賓語(yǔ)雙賓語(yǔ)：指人的是間接賓語(yǔ)，指物的是直接賓語(yǔ)。：指人的是間接賓語(yǔ)，指物的是直接賓語(yǔ)。 He gave me two books.及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞介詞介詞14教育類B表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)：跟在：跟在連系動(dòng)詞連系

10、動(dòng)詞后面的詞語(yǔ)或從句后面的詞語(yǔ)或從句,用用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份,特征特征,狀態(tài)狀態(tài).The trees turn green.The flowers are beautiful .My job is to teach you English.The question is how we can get there.四、表語(yǔ)四、表語(yǔ)15教育類B定語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾限定定語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾限定_. This is a red car. The building is their teaching building. The woman doctor is my wife. I have somet

11、hing to tell you. The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li. Every student has an English book.五、定語(yǔ)五、定語(yǔ)名詞名詞16教育類B狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)：修飾修飾動(dòng)動(dòng)詞、詞、形形容詞、容詞、副副詞或詞或全全句句，說(shuō)明，說(shuō)明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、因果、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、因果、條件、讓步、方向、程度、目的條件、讓步、方向、程度、目的等。等。 六、六、狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)17教育類BJohn often came to chat with me As he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday.

12、 She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. My father worked in this school ten years ago.Though he is young, he knows a lot.He came running. (程度程度 目的目的)（地點(diǎn)（地點(diǎn) 伴隨）伴隨） （地點(diǎn)（地點(diǎn) 時(shí)間）時(shí)間）（讓步）（讓步）（方式）（方式）(原因原因)18教育類B 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)是用于補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明是用于補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)或或賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)的身份或的身份或特征。特征。七、七、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)Everyone calls him Jack. （賓補(bǔ)）（賓補(bǔ)）He

13、is called Jack.（主補(bǔ)）（主補(bǔ)）19教育類B 同位語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)是位于是位于名詞或或代詞后后面的個(gè)別名詞面的個(gè)別名詞或名詞詞組，對(duì)前者進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或名詞詞組，對(duì)前者進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明 The Great Wall, one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large number of foreign friends.八、八、同位語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)20教育類B1. The sun rises in the east. （ ） 2. He likes dancing. （ ）3. Two will be enough.( ) 4. Seeing is be

14、lieving. （ ） 6. To see is to believe. （ ） 7. When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet. ( )8. What he needs is a book. （ ）9. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （ ）名詞名詞代詞代詞數(shù)詞數(shù)詞動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞不定式不定式疑問詞疑問詞+不定式不定式從句從句It作形式主語(yǔ)，作形式主語(yǔ)，that從句是真正的主語(yǔ)從句是真正的主語(yǔ)21教育類B當(dāng)當(dāng)不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句不定式、動(dòng)

15、名詞或從句在某個(gè)句子中作主語(yǔ)在某個(gè)句子中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)前后平衡，避免頭重腳輕，時(shí)，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)前后平衡，避免頭重腳輕，因此常用因此常用it作形式主語(yǔ)作形式主語(yǔ)置于置于句首句首，而將真正的，而將真正的主語(yǔ)放在句尾。此時(shí)主語(yǔ)放在句尾。此時(shí)it只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，本只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，本身無(wú)詞義。身無(wú)詞義。什么情況下用什么情況下用it作形式主語(yǔ)？作形式主語(yǔ)？22教育類B 你能劃出下列句子的真正的主語(yǔ)嗎你能劃出下列句子的真正的主語(yǔ)嗎?你懂得翻你懂得翻譯下列句子嗎？譯下列句子嗎？1) It is wrong to tell a lie. ( ) 2) It is no use arguing a

16、bout it. ( ) 3) It is uncertain who will come. ( ) 說(shuō)謊是錯(cuò)誤的。說(shuō)謊是錯(cuò)誤的。爭(zhēng)吵是沒用的。爭(zhēng)吵是沒用的。誰(shuí)要來(lái)還不確定。誰(shuí)要來(lái)還不確定。23教育類B1.She lived a happy life.( )2.I love you.( )3.We need two.( )4.Do you mind my opening the door?( )5.He began to learn English a year ago.( )6.He did not know what to say.( )7.Did you write down what

17、she said? ( )8. She felt it her duty to take good care of them.( )名詞名詞代詞代詞數(shù)詞數(shù)詞動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞不定式不定式疑問詞疑問詞+不定式不定式從句從句It作形式賓語(yǔ)，不定式是真正的賓語(yǔ)作形式賓語(yǔ)，不定式是真正的賓語(yǔ)24教育類B1. He is a teacher. ( )2. My idea is this.( )3. She was the first to arrive.( )4. I feel much better today./I must be off now. ( )5. He is out of danger.(

18、)6. The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.( )7. What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.( )名詞名詞代詞代詞數(shù)詞數(shù)詞從句從句形容詞形容詞/副詞副詞介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)分詞分詞25教育類B1.Its a red car.( )2.They live in the room above.( )3.My brother is a teacher.( )4.We belong to the third world.( )5.Lucys father is

19、 a poor worker.( )6.Mother made a birthday cake for me.( )7.The man under the tree is my teacher.( )8.The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother. ( )形容詞形容詞副詞副詞代詞代詞數(shù)詞數(shù)詞名詞所有格名詞所有格名詞名詞介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞26教育類B9.I liked the food cooked by my mother./Retired people have a go

20、od time at home.( )10.There are two things to be discussed today.（ ）11.Will you tell us about your teaching plan?（ ）12.This is the very book that I need. （ ）過去分詞過去分詞不定式不定式動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞從句從句27教育類B1. He is often late for class.( )2. We saw that picture at the cinema.( )3. He sat there smoking.( )4. They retur

21、ned tired and hungry. （ ）5. They did everything they could to save the boys life. （ ）6. Although he is young, he knows a lot. ( )7. The box is so heavy that I cant lift it. ( )副詞，程度副詞，程度介詞短語(yǔ)，地點(diǎn)介詞短語(yǔ)，地點(diǎn)分詞，伴隨分詞，伴隨不定式，目的不定式，目的形容詞，狀態(tài)形容詞，狀態(tài)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句28教育類B9. While my wife was reading the new

22、spaper, I was watching TV. （ ）10.He was angry because we were late( ）11.If it rains tomorrow, we wont go out.( ) 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句29教育類B形容詞形容詞名詞名詞介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)過去分詞過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞省略掉省略掉to的不定式的不定式不定式不定式30教育類B簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 (simple sentence)只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)They are playing baseball in the garden.

23、Her brother and sisiter are both teachers.并列句并列句 (compound sentence)Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher.I liked the story very much but Li Ming wasnt intereted in it.Hurry up,or youll be late.由由and,but,or,so這四個(gè)并列連詞連接，而這四個(gè)并列連詞連接，而“，”逗號(hào)是不能連接兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的。逗號(hào)是不能連接兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的。復(fù)合句復(fù)合句 (complex sentence)

24、If he is all right tomorrow, he will come.I went to bed afer I finished my homework.連詞主句從句（狀語(yǔ)）主句連詞從句（狀語(yǔ)）31教育類B簡(jiǎn)單句的簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型五種基本句型32教育類B 英語(yǔ)五種基本句型英語(yǔ)五種基本句型列式如下：列式如下： 基本句型一：基本句型一： （主謂）（主謂） 基本句型二：基本句型二： （主系表）（主系表） 基本句型三：基本句型三： （主謂賓）（主謂賓） 基本句型四：基本句型四： （主謂間賓直賓）（主謂間賓直賓） 基本句型五：基本句型五： （主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）（主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）33教育類B基本句型一主謂（S+V）S + V She cooks. He is working. What he said does not matter. The pen writes smoothly.34教育類B基本句型一主謂SVShecooksHeis workingWhat he saiddoes not matter.The pen writes smoothly.35教育類B基本句型二主系表 S+V+P He is happy. Every thing looks nice. Hi