世界大師談英語學(xué)習(xí)的方法

1、英文學(xué)習(xí)方法指導(dǎo)                                                

2、0;                來自世界大師的智慧1)   怎樣學(xué)習(xí)和提高口語和聽說能力?    Lance Knowls：      Among the world's foremost experts on the development and use of multimedia ELT c

3、ourseware, Lance's insights on language learning based on neuroscientific research, and his teacher training expertise, are widely sought. He has led the design of more than ten multimedia courses, including the world's first interactive language learning program on CD-ROM in

4、1987, and the award-winning course, New Dynamic English.    Used in over 70 countries worldwide, many of Lance's courses have been approved by nationalMinistries of Education, including France and Malaysia. His courses have won more than 30 major awards. &

5、#160;                  具體步驟：1)      聽 聽磁帶, 不看書面文字和課本。（Listeninglisten to the tapes, without referring to the textbook） 2）理解理解基本句型和其功能。（Understanding understand the b

6、asic sentence patterns and its functions） 3） 復(fù)述模仿所聽內(nèi)容，不看文字材料。（Repeatingimitate what you have heard without the textbook）    4) 造句運(yùn)用所學(xué)句型造句。   （Making- make sentences and apply the patterns into practice） 2)   為什么要這樣做?  &#

7、160;   Steven Pinker：        Steven Pinker is the Johnstone Family Professor in the Department ofPsychology at Harvard University. Until 2003, he taught in the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences at MIT. He conducts re

8、search on language and cognition, writes for publications such as the New York Times, Time, and Slate, and is the author of six books, including The Language Instinct, How the Mind Works, Words and Rules, and The Blank Slate. 工作記憶與長期記憶 

9、0;                   Working Memory & Long Term Memory工作記憶把短期記憶得到的信息與長期記憶聯(lián)系在一起。   工作記憶按一定步驟運(yùn)行。緩沖塊作為處理器在無意識的情況下平行工作，并與集成信息的工作記憶溝通。其它類型的緩沖塊還有許多，包括拼寫，語音及情感。 Working Memory is serial.&#

10、160; The buffers are dedicated processors that work in parallel in the unconscious way and communicate with the working memory which integrates the data.  There are many other buffers as well, including orthographic, phonological, and emotional. 值得注意的是，長期記憶也能修正或干擾處理器的工作。由于人捫預(yù)期的語音

11、能對實際聲音輸入產(chǎn)生干擾，閱讀文字也能對聽力產(chǎn)生干擾。Note that long-term memories can also modify or interfere with sensory processors.  Hence, seeing text can interfere with listening, since ones expected pronunciation can interfere with the actual auditory input. 3)   我們學(xué)習(xí)語言的過程是怎樣的?  

12、;                                語言的習(xí)得過程Language Acquisition Steps Preview     1. 泛聽 逐漸熟悉基本內(nèi)容。初步理解。&

13、#160;      Listen become familiar with the general content. General Comprehension.2. 精聽重點了解細(xì)節(jié)和結(jié)構(gòu)。細(xì)致理解。       Focus on the details of meaning and structure.  Detailed Comprehension.3.  復(fù)述和記憶每

14、個句子。形成正確語音和流利表達(dá)。       Say and record each sentence.  Build oral fluency and pronunciation.4. 定期回顧和總結(jié)和總結(jié)。通過聽說讀寫延伸和鞏固重要內(nèi)容。         Review and summarize each section on a regular basis.  

15、Extend and personalize     the deep content through the 4-Skills Path.  4)   如何能提高效率? 不能“只見樹葉，不見樹干和樹枝”。應(yīng)把樹干和樹枝看作支撐英語的骨架，單詞則是樹葉。樹干和樹枝受到刺激時，它門會具有粘性，新的單詞就有了著落。離開樹干和樹枝，樹葉就會被遺忘和丟失，就象計算機(jī)內(nèi)有文檔，而文件夾卻雜亂無章，沒有頭緒。要提高記憶效率，必須有清楚的目標(biāo)。（Lance Knowls）Dont learn the

16、 leaves without the branches to support and organize them.  Think of the trunk and branches as the conceptual underpinnings (supports) of the target language, and the vocabulary as the leaves.  As the branches are exercised, they become sticky and new vocabulary items have a

17、 place to go.  Without the branches, the leaves are easily forgotten and drop away, just as a file on a computer which has a disorganized file structure. Items must be properly tagged in order to be remembered quickly.  (Lance Knowles)   5)  什么是英語的“樹干”和“樹

18、枝”?  AS Hornby：      AS Hornby (1898 - 1978) had a profound and enduring influence on English Language Teaching, not only through his publications and ideas on teaching methods but also through the Educational Hornby Trust, set up in 1961. 

19、     His publications with Oxford University Press include the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary and theOxford Student's Dictionary. The Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary has become one of the best-selling books of all time.

20、60; 英語的“樹干”就是英語的5個基本句型，“樹枝”就是基本句型的擴(kuò)展和延伸。1.1        英文句子的五個基本句型            會當(dāng)凌絕頂，一覽眾山小按謂語的特點分類， 英文有五個基本句型。它們是：             

21、60;                （I）   “主 + 系 + 表”                         

22、;         （II）  “主 + 動 + (狀)”                                 （II

23、I） “主 + 動 + 賓”                                 （IV） “主 + 動 + 賓 + 賓” &#

24、160;                               （V）  “主 + 動 + 賓 + 補(bǔ)” 解說所有完整的英文句子必須有主語（Subject）和謂語（Predicate）兩個部分。

25、主語是句子的核心，它指明句子講的是什么；謂語是對主語加以說明的部分，它提供有關(guān)主語的新信息。概括地說，英文句子 = 主語 + 謂語。在頭腦中形成這種造句的基本模式，即可形成英文的思維方式。 抽象形式：                     具體形式：  1.     

26、   S  +  Vlink  +  P            I  am Edward Green.2.        S  +  Vi  +  ( adv)  

27、60;      I  start at Bibury Systems today.3.        S  +  Vt     +  O            I  met Derek i

28、n the R &D department.4.        S  +  Vt    +  Oi   +  Od      Derek showed me the latest product.5.        S&#

29、160; +  Vt    +  Oi   +  C     They call it Big Boss.  第一基本句型：  S  +  Vlink  +  P       I  am Edward

30、 Green. 特點第一基本句型以系動詞為中心，主要表示主語具有何種性質(zhì)或處在何種狀態(tài)。該句型可以用來表達(dá)人們對萬事萬物的判斷和認(rèn)識，即： “是” ，“怎樣”。從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，這個句型的謂語部分由系動詞充當(dāng)，表語部分可以由名詞、副詞、形容詞、動詞不定式等充當(dāng)。 （BBC）教材 Starting Business English基本句型舉例：My name is Edward Green.I am here to see Don BradleyIm Jenny Ross.Im the Head of Admin

31、istration office in the Marketing Department.My boss is Don Bradley.It is cold this morning.Well, its getting late.It looks impressive.Please feel free to interrupt.I am afraid Mr. Smith isnt in the office tomorrow.Clive, it is essential th

32、at we have these on the shelves by the end of this week. 第二基本句型：S  +  Vi  +  ( adv)          I  start at Bibury Systems today.特點第二基本句型以不及物動詞為中心，表示主語在何種情況下自身發(fā)出何種動作。這個結(jié)構(gòu)中的狀語不是必備的部分，但實際使用中通常帶有狀

33、語。英文中有大量的動詞既可作不及物動詞又可作及物動詞，上列句子中的change， eat， start，就屬于這種情況。為了掌握好這個句型，應(yīng)逐步養(yǎng)成記憶動詞用法的習(xí)慣，有意識地記住哪些動詞可以接賓語（S + Vt + O），哪些動詞不能接賓語（S + Vi），哪些動詞既可以接賓語也可以不接賓語。 （BBC）教材 Starting Business English基本句型舉例：I agree.Tray again.Yes, hang on.Edward Green starts today.Ca

34、n we meet?But I have lived in the UK for five years.I shall begin by talking about the market research.No, please wait.Then lets go to the French restaurant.Ill ring again tomorrow.News travels fast in the toy industry.I think you ought to stay&

35、#160;at head office.Tonight I must sleep.It will cost three times as much as Big Boss.Thats very kind of you, but I would like to walk. 第三基本句型： S  +  Vt     +  O      I  met D

36、erek Jones in the R &D department.特點第三基本句型以及物動詞為中心詞， 表示主語針對某一對象發(fā)出某種動作。這個句型的謂語動詞主要說明主語“干某事”，如“打球”、“讀書”、“看電視”等。由于人們在生活中從事許多活動，可用于這個結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞十分豐富。隨著動詞的復(fù)雜化，動詞后的接續(xù)關(guān)系也會產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的變化。在這個句型中，充當(dāng)賓語的成分可以是名詞，不定式短語，動名詞短語等相當(dāng)于名詞的成分。 （BBC）教材 Starting Business English基本句型舉例： He has no experie

37、nce.Do you understand the problem?I know you have a busy itinerary.And you have met Geraldine, our receptionist?Do you like it?You could try ringing this afternoon.Okay, Ill try to explain that more simply.I enjoy coming to Britain.I really

38、 enjoy going to the theatre.I like meeting visitors.We like to keep our staff hungry.At this stage of presentation we want to present a broad company profile.I would like to stay an extra day if that is possible.Well I hope we have a change to talk again.

39、I hope to return your hospitality when you come to Japan next month.I was planning to go to the theatre to see the “Twelfth Night”.I am trying to arrange the meeting with Mr. Sakai.I intend to start looking for a company that values new ideas.I promise to 

40、;keep it brief.I need to speak to my boss.How often do you manage to play golf?Because of the market profile of your catalogue, we have decided to offer you an extra 2.5% commission on sales through the catalogue in exchange for exclusivity. 第四基本句型：S + Vt + Oi + Od

41、     Derek showed me the latest product.特點第四基本句型以及物動詞為中心，表示主語針對何人何物發(fā)出何種動作。這個句型中的動詞主要具有給予（give）和告之（tell）的含義。人們在社會中總是不斷地促使物質(zhì)或信息流動，如：什么人給我什么，什么人告訴我什么；我給何人何物，我告訴何人何事等等。這些事情看起來很紛繁，而用句型來表達(dá)則相當(dāng)有規(guī)律。（BBC）教材 Starting Business English基本句型舉例： So give him the trigger.I must

42、 assure you that it wont happen again.They asked the development team how much it would cost to manufacture the product.They asked the Marketing Department two questions.Could you tell me the best way of getting there?And here we have some copy that tells us what the product can do.Ill show you what I mean.Will you be able to offer him a game?Can I offer you a lift? 第五基本句型：