精神分析的釋夢ppt課件

1、精神分析的釋夢武漢中德心思醫(yī)院李孟潮一個(gè)夢的解釋需求的資料，能夠的假設(shè)夢者，女，青年，未婚，夢見前男友拿這一支槍對(duì)著本人。其他部分遺忘associationsnIn the dream,a former lover point the gun at me.I only remember this scene.nYou are right.Yes,the lover is a man and we have never admitted we were lovers from end to end.In the dream,he just pointed the gun at me,holdin

2、g the gun in his hand,without firing.I was not frightened at all at that moment,yet I was very upset when I woke up early in the morning.nnMy sex?Im merely a female person. nIm usually in a merry mood.But recently I am in a melancholy mood.nI answer your questions so late because I feel strong resis

3、tance and finally I overcome it.I am in a melancholy mood partly because of the dream,partly because of something else.It occurs to me that I happened to see him walking in front of me in the street on that day while he couldnt see me.We havent seen each other in the street for a very long time.But

4、I didnt call him and just kept looking at his back until he was out of sight.nThere are some misunderstandings between him and I.To my sadness I couldnt find any way to clarify them.The only thing I can do is to give up.And I believe those misunderstandings will be eliminated one day.But I dont know

5、 when the day will come.I feel confused and oppressed.My age?Im neither too young nor too old.nGun means force.In the dream he held the gun in his hand.The following association is as follows:he held the gun in his handmeans that he held the force in his hand.Maybe he had enough force to protect him

6、self and even to attack me.Maybe I was too weak to protect myself,then I wanted to lend some force from him.Maybe force was very important to him and he was afraid of lose his force at the sight of me,so he held the gun in his hand very tightly.nnthanks,and I have another association.The gun being p

7、ointed at me without firing in the dream is just like a big penis in erection and without ejaculation.It occurs to me that I used to avoid pennis,especially big penis in the past.But in the dream I began to face it with braveness.This is a great progress which I have ever made in my life,I think.n弗洛

8、伊德提出釋夢技術(shù)程序的選擇方案：na.分析者按時(shí)間順序分析，夢者對(duì)夢的內(nèi)容陳說順序進(jìn)展聯(lián)想；b分析者的專挑選夢中的特殊要素進(jìn)展分析；c.直接問夢者就其對(duì)夢聯(lián)想到前一天哪些事件；d.如夢者熟習(xí)釋夢技術(shù)，讓他本人決議從那兒開場聯(lián)想。Freudn1夢是被壓制的愿望變相的滿足。所以在釋夢之前要牢記一點(diǎn)是，其中的愿望在什么地方？這個(gè)“愿望在中弗洛伊德一古腦地劃歸為力比多，特別是童年的力比多，后來他更改了說法，說夢既來自本我，也來自自我，那么愿望就不僅僅是力比多了，還有其他的天性愿望，死天性、自我保管天性等等。n2夢分為愿望夢、焦慮夢和懲罰夢，其本質(zhì)都是愿望的滿足。但還有創(chuàng)傷夢，這是愿望滿足實(shí)際的例外。n

9、3夢的資料和來源有四方面：做夢前一天的殘念白日剩余；睡眠中軀體方面的刺激；幼年閱歷；人類歷史閱歷的累積類似于榮格的集體無認(rèn)識(shí)。n4單獨(dú)的資料構(gòu)成不了夢，需求和壓制的愿望結(jié)合才構(gòu)成夢。這是中談到的，但后來少提。n5夢的作用是維持睡眠。n6夢的內(nèi)容構(gòu)造分為顯夢和隱夢兩個(gè)層面，釋夢是治療師利用患者對(duì)夢中原意的自在聯(lián)想，提示出隱夢的意義。經(jīng)過稽查作用和夢的偽裝，隱藏的愿望才干認(rèn)識(shí)進(jìn)入組成顯夢。 n7稽查作用使隱夢所包含的無認(rèn)識(shí)激動(dòng)進(jìn)一步偽裝和轉(zhuǎn)化成顯夢的內(nèi)容。這種轉(zhuǎn)化過程即夢的任務(wù)包括以下幾個(gè)機(jī)制：凝縮作用(Condensation)；移置作用(Displacement);用視覺籠統(tǒng)表現(xiàn)籠統(tǒng)思想;修飾

10、作用(Secondary elaboration)。n8夢中的情感反映總是真實(shí)的，假設(shè)夢的情感反響與顯夢內(nèi)容不協(xié)調(diào)，闡明其構(gòu)成時(shí)發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)化和意味，而與隱夢一致。n10夢的多重決議作用，一個(gè)夢可以有多方面的解釋。見釋夢n(11)夢是自我和本我交戰(zhàn)的地方，所以可以在夢中看到?jīng)_突的愿望。 n9意味作用：對(duì)意味作用的強(qiáng)調(diào)是弗洛伊德在發(fā)表后對(duì)夢實(shí)際進(jìn)展的很大一個(gè)補(bǔ)充。對(duì)意味的熟習(xí)可以讓人很快的釋夢，減少聯(lián)想的資料，弗洛伊德指出意味作用或許是夢實(shí)際中最引人注目的部分，意味作用使我們?cè)谀承┣樾沃袩o需訊問夢者來對(duì)夢進(jìn)展解釋。假設(shè)我們熟習(xí)了普通夢的意味和夢者的人格，他生活的環(huán)境以及夢發(fā)生前的印象等，我們時(shí)?？梢?/p>

11、直接來釋夢就好似一見面就可以認(rèn)出一樣。但意味法并不排斥聯(lián)想法，在處置意味元素時(shí)，既要利用夢者的聯(lián)想，又要利用“釋夢者的有關(guān)意味知識(shí)以彌補(bǔ)聯(lián)想之缺乏。n12除四種夢的任務(wù)外，還有兩個(gè)要素影響夢境的構(gòu)成：一是顯夢中的某一部分往往代表了潛認(rèn)識(shí)中完全相反的愿望；一是夢的各部分之間無邏輯關(guān)系，特別是因果關(guān)系，這一點(diǎn)啟發(fā)了皮亞杰。New findings and waysnFreuds view that dreams are the guardian of sleep must now be regarded as disproved; on the contrary, sleep is the gua

12、rdian of dreams (Wolman 1979, p.VII). This is one of the fundamental conclusions which must be drawn from the many psychobiological investigations of dream and sleep.n對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)研討的看法：it remains clear that physiological conditions and psychological meanings belong to completely different dimensions. nDreami

13、ng has a value of its own in the therapeutic process, even if the underlying dream theories have to be modified. (Strauch 1981, p.43) 5.2 Dream Thinking nDream language, which predates our development of thought language, is a picture language rich in symbolic relationships.n夢是一種退行景象 n Today we woul

14、d say rather that the work on the dream is carried out with regressive methods.n Freuds general point of view： that dreams are in essence nothing else than a special form of our thinking (1900a, p.506) n The dreamer represents the world, including his self, differently than in his waking thinking an

15、d in his everyday language. Thus the problem is not just to describe the formal characteristics of dream language; the difficulty lies in their translation. n Dream language expresses itself predominantly in visual images, and the task of therapeutic translation consists of transforming images into

16、words and thoughts. n dreams in REM sleep tend to be irrational and those in nonREM sleep rational, which suggests that the primary-process mechanisms of dream work are linked to specific physiological conditions.nSystematic studies ： Some findings indicate that there is a correspondence between day

17、dreaming and night dreaming, and it can be shown that distortion and expression of affect increase progressively from daydreams through fantasies to night dreams. n (Cohen 1976, p. 334) ：the configuration of the dream contents reflects the principal personality traits of the dreamer. nGiora (1981, p

18、.305) ： underlines the danger of taking only the clinical material into consideration and neglecting the existence of other types of dreams, e.g., logical and problem-solving dreams, when discussing the theory of dreams. 夢思總結(jié)：n currently many authors reject theories which accord dream thinking a spe

19、cial status, preferring instead to integrate dream thinking into the general principles of psychic function. Day Residue and Infantile Wish nDream as an infantile wish? ncurrent views: there are gaps in the theory of wish fulfillment with regard to demonstrating the unconscious, infantile wish eleme

20、nt, and that this leads to other problems, e.g., how to reconcile stereotypical anxiety dreams with the theory. n Koukkou and Lehmanns (1980, 1983) neurophysiological thesis: that the variation in EEG patterns in the REM phases strongly suggests that the doorway to early memories might be open sever

21、al times each night, in which case exchange processes between present and past may well take place. nFreuds idea that the infantile wish is the motor of dream formation has not been confirmed, and in light of the findings of modern research must be rejected as superfluous. nHe formulated this hypoth

22、esis before it became known that dreaming is a biologically based activity that is controlled by an internal clock and needs no foundation in the psychic economy. nAs we saw above in the discussion of dream thinking (Sect. 5.2), over the years the hypothesis that the function of dreaming is mainly t

23、o help deal with reality has lost ground to the view that it is important for the dreamers intrapsychic equilibrium and for the maintenance of his psychic functions. Self-Representation and Problem Solving nFreud n in The Interpretation of Dreams: It is my experience, and one to which I have found n

24、o exception, that every dream deals with the dreamer himself (1900a, p.322). freudn“ The fact that the dreamers own ego appears several times, or in several forms, in a dream is at bottom no more remarkable than that the ego should be contained in a conscious thought several times or in different pl

25、aces or connections e.g. in the sentence when I think what a healthy child I was. (1900a, pp. 322-323) n Freud is talking about self-representation through identificationnKohuts perception of the self-state dream. n self-state dream. With these dreams, free association leads not to deeper understand

26、ing, but at best to images which remain on the same level as the manifest content of the dream. Flying dream as self-statenKohut views dreams of flying as highly threatening representations of the grandiose self.FrenchnFrenchs (1952) suggestion that dreams should be viewed as attempts at problem sol

27、ving French and Fromm n1愿望：有成人和兒童的。n2聯(lián)想的格式塔擴(kuò)展愿望的內(nèi)涵n可解釋兩類夢n懲罰夢：超我的愿望n反復(fù)發(fā)生的夢：控制的愿望當(dāng)代釋夢說：自我表象說nWe have traced Freuds assumption (1923c, p. 120) that the dreamers ego can appear more than once in the same dream - in person and concealed behind other figures n Instead of giving verbal expression to thoughts such as I am similar to. or I wi