物流外文文獻(xiàn)與翻譯

1、文獻(xiàn)出處 : Mahpula A. The Research of Regional Logistics Competitiveness J. Journal of Transport Geography, 2015, 15(2): 30-34. 原文The Research of Regional Logistics CompetitivenessMahpula AAbstractAt present, the development of logistics is the logistics demand rapid increase, the expanding market capac

2、ity, accelerates the construction of logistics infrastructure, third-party logistics fast growth the tendency, the whole logistics industry is developing in the direction of the information, globalization and specialization. At the same time, with the rapid increase of logistics demand, the developm

3、ent of the regional logistics more rapidly. Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy, the existence and development of regional logistics is the premise of existence and development of regional economy, no regional economy there would be no regional logistics. Regional logistics a

4、nd regional economic development level, is closely related to the scale and the level of the different regional economic shape, size and industry, determines the level of regional logistics, the scale and structure form. Regional economic integration can make the area and regional logistics incline

5、to reasonable, adapt to reasonable layout of industrial structure, to reduce logistics cost, promote the development of regional logistics. On the other hand, the regional economic development is inseparable from the development of regional logistics and regional logistics to provide support and gua

6、rantee for the development of regional economy, the development of the regional logistics will drive and promote the further development of regional economy. Therefore, the development of the regional logistics has become to improve the regional investment environment and industry development enviro

7、nment, expanding the scope of the regional influence, the key to enhancing regional competitiveness. Keywords : Regional logistics; Regional logistics competitiveness; Evaluation index1 IntroductionThe rapid development of world economy and the progress of modern science and technology, the logistic

8、s industry as an emerging service industry, is developing rapidly in the global scope. Internationally, logistics industry is considered to be the economic development of the artery and basic industry, its development degree become to measure a country's modernization degree and comprehensive na

9、tional strength, one of the important marks is known as the "third profit source" of the enterprise, its role is more and more big, became the current after the IT industry, financial industry's hottest emerging industry a new growth point of national economy, and caused widespread soc

10、ial attention. Regional logistics is an important component of regional economy, is the important force in the formation and development of regional economy, it is to improve the efficiency and economic benefit in the field of regional circulation, improve the competitive ability of regional market,

11、 etc., plays a positive role in active. Behind the rapid development of modern logistics, however, there are still many problems; including logistics competitiveness level is lower than the level of logistics development is particularly prominent. Choosing logistics competitiveness development level

12、 evaluation index, since there is no uniform standard, can only use freight or freight turnover scale to measure logistics. Implementation of goods transport is the process of logistics spatial displacement at the center of the link, with the two indicators to measure logistics scale has certain sci

13、entific, but it can't reflect the outline of the regional logistics. Estimates of logistics demand, typically based on GDP and total retail sales of social consumer goods such as index of national economic accounting. This is just a simple measure of the macro level, the proportion of different

14、researchers use different, ranging from teens to twenty percent, there are large difference between the results and gives theoretical analysis greater difficulties. At the same time, the logistics industry's economic statistical data shortage, there is no comprehensive logistics demand statistic

15、s, which made us qualitative understanding of the level of understanding of logistics.2 Literature reviewAbout the Core Competence theory, Core Competence (Core Competence) of the original intention is the Core skills or Core skills, this concept is in 1990 by the American strategic management exper

16、ts made (C.K.P rahalad) and Britain's strategic management experts hamer (c. amel), refers to the enterprise organization of accumulating knowledge, especially about how to coordinate different production skills and integrate a variety of technical knowledge, and on the basis of advantage over o

17、ther competitors unique ability, namely Core Competence is built on the basis of enterprise Core resources, is the enterprise intelligence, technology, products, management, culture and other elements in the reflection of comprehensive advantage in the market. At present there are three typical acad

18、emic argument: the ability theory represented by Rossby and Christie's school; School represented by porter's theory of market structure; Represented by Werner Phil and Penrose's theory of resource school. Core competitiveness is value, the ability to integrated, uniqueness, extensibilit

19、y and inherent characteristics.Related theory, the study of regional logistics, the logistics research of Europe and the United States, Japan and other developed countries, focus on the enterprise level, is committed to providing enterprise optimization strategy. And regional logistics system and co

20、mpetitiveness research, involved. According to literature review, the regional international logistics field of research mainly includes the following aspects: (1) from the perspective of multinational company research the global logistics resources configuration and coordination problems. Specific

21、include logistics infrastructure, market competition mechanism and the problem of logistics supply chain operation. Such research quantification technology such as using the operational research tools, more for the global network of supply chain facility location positioning, and coordinate the fact

22、ory more support, strategic distribution system design problem. This is an extension of the logistics enterprise level optimization study, the commonly used methods include mathematical analytical method, system simulation method and heuristic methods, etc. If only one method and graphical method so

23、lving the problem of the layout of the site; Mixed integer programming solve the problem of site selection of logistics center and logistics planning, etc.(2) from the perspective of urban economy and the environment, the research of urban traffic network Settings. For example Tanjguchietal from the

24、 city level, using a dynamic traffic simulation model, quantitative research economic growth, the transport demand, as well as the related road congestion and environmental pollution.(3) from the point of view of the city government, study its role in macro logistics development and utility. For exa

25、mple MeirJ. R and Senblatt, studied the global supply chain management in infrastructure financing, transportation and regional trading rules, corporate tax law of the government subsidies, and other effects of the main factors of global production and distribution network, etc.3 Introduction to the

26、 theory of regional logistics related3.1 The definition of regional logisticsAcademic definition of regional logistics has not yet unified, a more accepted view is that regional logistics is the geographical environment in a certain area, with large and medium-sized cities as the center, based on th

27、e regional scale and scope economy, combined with effective logistics service scope, area inside and outside of all kinds of goods from the supplier to accept to effective entity flow; Is the transport, storage, loading and unloading, handling, distribution, packaging, circulation processing, inform

28、ation processing, such as integrated logistics activities, to service in the composite system of regional economic development. It requires the integration, the integration of logistics management, namely to meet user needs for the purpose, to the goods, services and related information from the sup

29、plier to accept to the efficient flow of planning, execution, and control activities, is the organic unity of cash-flow, information flow and cash flow.3.2 Relationship of regional logistics subject, object and carrierRegional logistics has the characteristics of multi-level and multi-dimensional st

30、ructure, its basic elements include logistics main body, object and logistics carrier, and the structure of the basic elements and their complete system, each element show different features, thus forming the function of the regional logistics. Regional logistics main body is directly involved in or

31、 specialized is engaged in the economic organization of regional logistics activity, including the owner of the goodsFlow, the third party logistics enterprise, storage and transportation enterprise, etc. Logistics is the supply chain logistics channels, the starting point and end point of connectio

32、n in the whole course of the regional logistics activity plays a dominant and decisive role. Elements of the integrated logistics subject is the essential characteristic of modern logistics. Therefore, the elements of logistics as one of the main body, logistics has a decisive role in the developmen

33、t of logistics industry. Similar accumulation and regional economy industry, regional logistics also emphasizes the logistics main body accumulation, logistics main body in space is beneficial to promote the logistics activities of large-scale, intensive, body development, it is also a regional logi

34、stics park, logistics center, the objective basis of the formation of distribution centers, and regional logistics park, logistics center and distribution center determines the spatial structure of the regional logistics system.3.3 Regional logistics and regional economic relationsRegional logistics

35、 is an important part of regional economy, the existence and development of regional logistics is the premise of existence and development of regional economy, no regional economy there would be no regional logistics. Regional logistics and regional economic development level, is closely related to

36、the scale and the level of the different regional economic shape, size and industry, determines the level of regional logistics, the scale and structure form. Logistics is always accompanied by business flow, the more advanced the regional economy, manufacturing and trading more active, the logistic

37、s industry as a service industry will have a good customer base and market infrastructure, the greater the chance of large-scale development. On the other hand, the regional economic development is inseparable from the development of regional logistics and regional logistics to provide support and g

38、uarantee for the development of regional economy, the development of the regional logistics will drive and promote the further development of regional economy. Thus, regional logistics and regional economy is the unity of interdependence. Regional economy is the premise and foundation of regional lo

39、gistics development, is the dominant force in the regional logistics development; Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy, is the regional economic support system, and serve the regional economy. Regional logistics development goal and strategy must obey and serve the regional ec

40、onomic development goals and strategies.4 Regional logistics competitivenessRegional logistics competitiveness refers to a certain space range (general administrative area as the border, across regions), the logistics industry are different from other areas of the assignment of resources was made in

41、 the advantage, the logistics enterprises, government policy support and industrial innovation ability, eventually embodied through regional internal benign competition will be more than all kinds of resources, the ability to effectively integrate to form a complementary and integrated ability syste

42、m, reflect the regional comparison of competitive power in the logistics activity, reflect the size of the regional logistics service ability and the logistics industry development level of high and low. The competitiveness of the regional logistics is mainly composed of six basic elements constitut

43、e: social and economic development level, scale of logistics demand and supply condition of logistics, the logistics development of logistics industry in the enterprise information development level, development level, the macro environment.4.1 The social and economic development levelComprehensive

44、social and economic development level reflects the regional logistics competitiveness level of social economic basis, is the guarantee of development of regional logistics competitiveness, to provide support for the sustainable development of regional logistics, from the other side also reflects the

45、 competitiveness of regional logistics development potential and power.4.2 The logistics demand scaleLogistics demand scale is mainly refers to the logistics services in the field such as production, consumption and circulation quantity and scale, to some extent, restricted by local resource conditi

46、ons, it reflects a region, the demand for logistics service level and size: the size of the logistics demand, determines the size of the logistics market capacity, is the premise of existence and development of regional logistics industry and the foundation.4.3 Logistics supply conditionThe supply c

47、ondition of logistics refers to the logistics infrastructure provided for the development of the logistics industry, all kinds of logistics technology and equipment, is engaged in the logistics services enterprises and the corresponding professionals such as the number and size of traffic capacity a

48、nd regional situation, the comprehensive reflection of regional logistics supply capacity and service level, reflects the effect on the development of the logistics industry to promote and satisfaction, is the main factor of the formation and development of regional logistics competition.4.4 Logisti

49、cs enterprise development levelLogistics enterprise comprehensive development level reflects the regional logistics main body's ability to provide logistics services and meet customer demand, embodies the subject of logistics operation level, mainly including the enterprise competition ability,

50、profit ability and performance level, reflect a certain period of logistics enterprises inthe area of the overall level ofdevelopment, is the key factor for the formation of regional logistics competitiveness.4.5 Information development levelMainly refers to the regional information development leve

51、l of information degree and the level of information technology. Logistics is based on information flow, logistics has become more and more rely on the whole process of access to information. Many logistics enterprises have established their own information management system as a crucial to the deve

52、lopment of its core competitiveness, the development level of information is the one important factor for the formation of regional logistics competitiveness level.4.6 Logistics macro environmentMacro environment refers to the logistics industry development of logistics industry development planning

53、, land use policy, tax policy, market access policy, talent training, such as the soft environment, affecting the development of logistics industry reflects the external environment for the development of the logistics industry to provide favorable conditions and the environment support.譯文區(qū)域物流競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力研究作

54、者 Mahpula A摘要當(dāng)前 ，物流的發(fā)展正呈現(xiàn)出物流需求快速上升 、市場(chǎng)容量不斷擴(kuò)大 、物流 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)加速 、第三方物流快速成長(zhǎng)的趨勢(shì) ， 整個(gè)物流產(chǎn)業(yè)正朝著信息化 全球化和專業(yè)化的方向發(fā)展 。同時(shí) ，隨著物流需求的快速增加 ，區(qū)域物流的發(fā) 展更加迅猛 。 區(qū)域物流是區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要組成部分 ， 區(qū)域物流的存在和發(fā)展是 以區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)的存在和發(fā)展為前提的 ， 沒(méi)有區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)也就沒(méi)有區(qū)域物流 。 區(qū)域物 流與區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的水平 、 規(guī)模密切相關(guān) ， 不同區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)的水平 、 規(guī)模和產(chǎn)業(yè) 形態(tài) ，決定了區(qū)域物流的水平 、規(guī)模和結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài) 。區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化能使區(qū)域內(nèi) 和區(qū)域間的物流趨向合理 ，適應(yīng)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)

55、構(gòu)的合理布局 ，從而降低物流成本 ，促 進(jìn)區(qū)域物流發(fā)展 。反之 ，區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展也離不開(kāi)區(qū)域物流的發(fā)展 ，區(qū)域物流 為區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展提供支撐與保障 ， 區(qū)域物流的發(fā)展將帶動(dòng)和促進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)的 進(jìn)一步發(fā)展 。因此 ，區(qū)域物流的發(fā)展己成為改善區(qū)域投資環(huán)境和產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展環(huán)境 擴(kuò)大區(qū)域影響范圍 、提升區(qū)域競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的關(guān)鍵 。 關(guān)鍵詞:區(qū)域物流 ，區(qū)域物流競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力 ，評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo) 1 引言世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展和現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步 ， 物流產(chǎn)業(yè)作為一個(gè)新興的服 務(wù)性產(chǎn)業(yè) ，正在全球范圍內(nèi)迅速發(fā)展 。在國(guó)際上 ，物流產(chǎn)業(yè)被認(rèn)為是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展 的動(dòng)脈和基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè) ， 其發(fā)展程度成為衡量一國(guó)現(xiàn)代化程度和綜合國(guó)力的重要標(biāo) 志之一 ，被譽(yù)

56、為企業(yè)的 “第三利潤(rùn)源泉 ”，其發(fā)揮的作用越來(lái)越大 ，成為了繼 IT 業(yè)、金融業(yè)之后的當(dāng)前最熱門的新興產(chǎn)業(yè)和國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)新的增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn) ，引起了社會(huì) 的普遍重視 。 區(qū)域物流是區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要構(gòu)成要素 ， 是區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)形成與發(fā)展的 重要力量 ，它對(duì)提高區(qū)域流通領(lǐng)域的效率和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益 ，提高區(qū)域市場(chǎng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能 力等，發(fā)揮著積極的能動(dòng)作用 。然而 ，現(xiàn)代物流快速發(fā)展的背后仍然存在較多 的問(wèn)題 ， 其中物流競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力水平低于物流發(fā)展水平顯得尤為突出 。 選擇物流競(jìng)爭(zhēng) 力發(fā)展水平評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)時(shí) ，由于沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ，只能利用貨運(yùn)量或貨運(yùn)周轉(zhuǎn)量 來(lái)衡量物流規(guī)模 。運(yùn)輸是物流過(guò)程中實(shí)現(xiàn)貨物空間位移的中心環(huán)節(jié) ，用這兩個(gè) 指標(biāo)來(lái)

57、衡量物流規(guī)模有一定的科學(xué)性 ， 但不能真實(shí)反映地區(qū)物流的全貌 。 估計(jì) 物流需求量時(shí) ， 通常的做法是根據(jù) GDP 和社會(huì)消費(fèi)品零售總額等國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)核算 指標(biāo) 。這僅僅是宏觀層次上的一種簡(jiǎn)單估算 ，不同的研究人員采用的比例不同 從百分之十幾到百分之二十不等 ，所得結(jié)果存在較大差異 ，給理論分析帶來(lái)了 較大的困難 。同時(shí) ，有關(guān)物流產(chǎn)業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)統(tǒng)計(jì)資料極度缺乏 ，也沒(méi)有全面的物 流需求統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù) ，這使我們對(duì)物流的理解始終處于定性的認(rèn)識(shí)水平上 。2 文獻(xiàn)綜述關(guān)于核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力理論 ，核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力 (Core Competence) 的原意是核心能力 或核心技能 ， 這一概念是 1990 年由美國(guó)的企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略管

58、理專家普拉哈拉得 (CKPrahalad)和英國(guó)的企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略管理專家哈默爾(C.Hamel)提出的,指的是企業(yè) 組織中的積累性知識(shí) ，特別是關(guān)于如何協(xié)調(diào)不同的生產(chǎn)技能和整合多種技術(shù)知 識(shí)，并據(jù)此獲得超越其他競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的獨(dú)特能力 ，即核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力是建立在企業(yè)核 心資源基礎(chǔ)之上的 ， 是企業(yè)的智力 、技術(shù)、產(chǎn)品、管理、文化等要素的綜合優(yōu) 勢(shì)在市場(chǎng)上的反映 。目前學(xué)術(shù)界有三個(gè)有代表性的論點(diǎn) :以羅斯比和克里斯蒂森 為代表的能力論學(xué)派 ;以波特為代表的市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)論學(xué)派 ;以沃納菲爾和潘羅斯為代 表的資源論學(xué)派 。核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力具有價(jià)值雙重性 、能力整合性 、獨(dú)特性 、延伸性 和時(shí)段性的特點(diǎn) 。關(guān)于區(qū)域物流的相關(guān)理

59、論研究 ， 物流發(fā)達(dá)的歐美 、日本等國(guó)研究 ， 側(cè)重于 企業(yè)層面 ，即致力于提供企業(yè)優(yōu)化策略 。而區(qū)域?qū)用娴奈锪飨到y(tǒng)及競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力研究 則涉及不多 。根據(jù)文獻(xiàn)查閱 ， 國(guó)際上區(qū)域性物流領(lǐng)域研究 ，主要包括以下幾個(gè) 方面:(1)從跨國(guó)公司角度研究全球性物流資源配置和協(xié)調(diào)問(wèn)題。具體包括物流基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施 、市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制及物流供應(yīng)鏈運(yùn)行等問(wèn)題 。此類研究多利用運(yùn)籌學(xué)等數(shù) 量化技術(shù)工具 ，為供應(yīng)鏈的全球網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)施選址定位 、多工廠協(xié)調(diào) 、戰(zhàn)略配送體 系設(shè)計(jì)等問(wèn)題提供支持 。這是企業(yè)層面物流優(yōu)化研究的擴(kuò)展 ，常用方法包括數(shù) 學(xué)解析法 、系統(tǒng)仿真法和啟發(fā)式方法等 。如位分法和圖解法解決一元網(wǎng)點(diǎn)的布 局問(wèn)題 ;混合整數(shù)規(guī)劃解決物流中心的選址以及物流規(guī)劃問(wèn)題等。 (2)從城市經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境角度 ，研究城市交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)的設(shè)置問(wèn)題 。例如 Tanjguchietal 從城市層面 ， 利用交通仿真動(dòng)力學(xué)模型 ，定量研究經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng) 、運(yùn)輸需求 ，以及道路擁擠和環(huán) 境污染的相互關(guān)聯(lián) 。 (3)從城市政府角度 ，研究其在宏觀物流發(fā)展中承擔(dān)的角色 和效用 。 例如 MeirJ.R 和 Senblatt ， 研究了全球化供應(yīng)鏈管理中設(shè)施融資 、交通 以及地區(qū)交易規(guī)則 、 企業(yè)稅費(fèi)法律中的政府補(bǔ)貼等全球生產(chǎn)