短文填空優(yōu)質(zhì)課

1、吳川一中實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校主講老師：譚小翠指導(dǎo)老師：葉勇He is_.He is _.She is_.She is_.walking writingsingingdancingWhat is he /she doing?What does he do?He is a/an _.doctorWhat does she do?She is a/an _. teacherWhat does she do?She is a/an_.nurseWhat is the bear doing?It is_.playing basketball1.1.September September 10th is 10th i

2、s Day.Day.2.In autumn after a strong wind, the ground is 2.In autumn after a strong wind, the ground is often covered with fallen often covered with fallen . .TeachersTeachersleavesleaves首先考慮名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)，然后注意名詞所有格。首先考慮名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)，然后注意名詞所有格。3.Last Sunday3.Last Sunday，we played we played in the park, in the pa

3、rk, though we were very tired. though we were very tired. 4.Summer is the 4.Summer is the season of the year.season of the year.happilyhappilyhottesthottest注意形容詞、副詞的比較等級(jí)的變化。注意形容詞、副詞的比較等級(jí)的變化。5. Help 5. Help to some fishto some fish，Jim.Jim.6.This book belongs to Mary. It is 6.This book belongs to Mar

4、y. It is . .yourselfyourselfhershers此處考代詞用法。此處考代詞用法。7.We could not run faster than cheetahs , so we 7.We could not run faster than cheetahs , so we ( (發(fā)明發(fā)明)cars and now we can move the )cars and now we can move the fastest.fastest.8.When you laugh ,you will 8.When you laugh ,you will your mouth your

5、 mouth and your teeth.and your teeth.openopen考慮動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)變化?？紤]動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)變化。9.For years, we played other peoples songs, 9.For years, we played other peoples songs, now we play mostly our own songs.now we play mostly our own songs.10.10.She didnt go to school yesterday She didnt go to school yesterday ， she was

6、 ill.she was ill.butbutbecausebecause此處考連詞此處考連詞invented 短文填空是2012年廣東中考出現(xiàn)的一個(gè)新題型，其特點(diǎn)是短文中留出10個(gè)空，分值共15分。 要求考生根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容以及上下文的意思，在空白出填入意思、語(yǔ)法都正確的單詞，一空只能填一個(gè)詞（有些空的答案可能不是唯一的）。 短文的題材很廣泛，可以是故事、文化習(xí)俗、科普小品、體育等，考試一般會(huì)選取考生比較熟悉的材料。 短文填空是中考中一個(gè)難度比較大的題型。它所涉及的知識(shí)面廣，靈活性高，綜合性也很強(qiáng)。它不僅考查考生在詞匯、語(yǔ)法和習(xí)慣用法等方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，還考查學(xué)生理解、推導(dǎo)、分析等綜合能力。 從

7、表面上看它是考查考生對(duì)單詞的辨認(rèn)能力，而實(shí)質(zhì)上它既考查了考生掌握單詞的數(shù)量及準(zhǔn)確性，又考查了他們對(duì)上下文以及詞義的理解和判斷能力，由此考查考生的知識(shí)記憶與再現(xiàn)能力。一、解題步驟一、解題步驟 1 1、跳過(guò)空格，通讀短文，了解大意、跳過(guò)空格，通讀短文，了解大意 解題時(shí)先跳過(guò)空格，通讀短文填空的短文，了解全篇的內(nèi)容和要旨。要重視首句，善于以首句的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣為立足點(diǎn)，理清文脈，推測(cè)全文時(shí)態(tài)、主題及大意。 2 2、復(fù)讀短文，確定語(yǔ)義，判斷詞性、復(fù)讀短文，確定語(yǔ)義，判斷詞性 （1）把握短文大意后再認(rèn)真復(fù)讀短文，利用上下文的語(yǔ)境，結(jié)合所學(xué)過(guò)的知識(shí)，先確定空格處所需詞語(yǔ)的意義。 （2）根據(jù)空格在句子中的位置，

8、判斷其在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，從而確定所填詞的詞性，再依據(jù)詞語(yǔ)搭配和語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，判斷所填的詞的正確形式。動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞：注意動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)固定搭配、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、主謂一致、 謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等；名詞：名詞：注意名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)及名詞的所有格形式；形容詞：形容詞：注意固定搭配、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式及構(gòu)詞規(guī)則；副詞：副詞：注意插入語(yǔ)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式，關(guān)注句與句之間的連貫性；連詞、關(guān)系詞：連詞、關(guān)系詞：注意狀語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句等在語(yǔ)篇中的運(yùn)用；代詞：代詞：關(guān)注上下文，注意代詞的前后照應(yīng)關(guān)系；介詞、冠詞：介詞、冠詞：注意習(xí)慣用法。如果所填的詞在句首，注意首字母要大寫如果所填的詞在句首，注意首字母要大寫。解析：根據(jù)短文可知此處

9、需要填入一個(gè)名詞，再根據(jù)下文從而可確定homework/schoolwork/work。例（2012年廣東）I have had a lot (73) every day .I understand that it is important to do my homework.homework/schoolwork/work3. 3. 三讀短文，上下參照，驗(yàn)證答案三讀短文，上下參照，驗(yàn)證答案 在短文的空白處分別填上一個(gè)詞后，將完成的短文再細(xì)讀一遍，上下參照，連貫思考。可從上、下文內(nèi)容是否協(xié)調(diào)一致、順利成章，語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確無(wú)誤等進(jìn)行綜合驗(yàn)證，凡有疑問(wèn)必須重新推敲考慮。二、解題技巧二、解題技巧

10、1 1、從上下文的結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)境方面考慮：、從上下文的結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)境方面考慮：有的空格必須根據(jù)上下文的結(jié)構(gòu)才能判斷應(yīng)該填什么單詞。解析：根據(jù)句意可知要填形容詞much，又根據(jù)上文“The longer”可確定此處考查的是形容詞比較級(jí)的常用句型“the+比較級(jí)，the +比較級(jí)”，表示“越越”。古此處應(yīng)填more. 例例：(1).（2012年廣東） The longer the holidays are , the (78)_ homework I get. I really feel bad about it .more2.2.從語(yǔ)法方面考慮：從語(yǔ)法方面考慮： 短文填空題所涉及的語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容通常包括：名詞

11、的單復(fù)數(shù)、形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)、主謂一致、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)、冠詞、介詞和連詞的選用等。(2).(2012廣東）I am looking forward to a holiday (79)_homework so that I can relax and have some time for my hobbies .without解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中缺少定語(yǔ)，故這里應(yīng)填一個(gè)介詞，與homework 一起構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)。又根據(jù)下文“I can relax and have some time for my hobbies”可知本空應(yīng)填表示”沒(méi)有“作業(yè)的without。(3).（201

12、2年廣東）Im upset these days . I have(71)_ problem,.a解析：名詞前面一般填冠詞或形容詞，句中已有Im upset,故可確定應(yīng)填一個(gè)冠詞。Problem在此是第一次提及，故應(yīng)用不定冠詞a.4.4.先易后難先易后難 在做題過(guò)程中遇到個(gè)別空格填不出的，可以適當(dāng)跳過(guò)，待全部完成后，再考慮填不出的空格，這樣未知的信息就越來(lái)越少。5.5.檢查錯(cuò)誤檢查錯(cuò)誤 在填完后，應(yīng)該將短文重新審讀一次，檢查答案是否有不符合題意的或有語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤等。3.3.從習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配方面考慮從習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配方面考慮例：（2012年廣東）I almost have no free ti

13、me for my hobbies,(77)_as playing volleyball and ping-pong.such解析：such as 意為“例如”，是固定搭配，故第77空填as. (一） 2013年廣東省初中畢業(yè)生學(xué)業(yè)考試JunethesaveDear Mary, How are you? I had great fun last Wednesday， 71 12th ,2013. It was a traditional Chinese festival called Dragon Boat Festival that day. This festival is in memo

14、ry of Qu Yuan， one of 72 greatest Chinese poets. He killed himself by calendar(陰歷)，278BC. People there moved the boat to 73 him. But it was too late. They were very sad and then threw rice into the74 to feed the fishes so that they would stay away from his body.75 then on， every year on this day， pe

15、ople enjoy 76 Zongzi which is made of rice with meat， eggs and so on. In the past we ate it only 77 a year， but now we regard it as our daily food. We have it any time we like. Have you ever78 the dragon boat race on TV. It is another important part of this festival.Fromeatingoncewatchedriver Severa

16、l teams row their dragon-shaped boats as 79 as they can. The first team to reach the finish line wins. If you have a plan to visit China next year， would 80 like to spend this festival with us. Best wishes Xiao Qiangyouquickly/fast語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文介紹了中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日端午節(jié)的一些習(xí)俗及來(lái)歷。71.June考查名詞。根據(jù)常識(shí)，2013年的端午節(jié)是在六月份。72.the考查

17、冠詞。形容詞最高級(jí)greatest前要加the，表示“最偉大的”。73.save考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意：人們劃船是為了救他。74.river/water考查名詞。根據(jù)句意：人們非常傷心，然后把米飯投入河/水中喂魚(yú)，讓魚(yú)遠(yuǎn)離他的軀體。75.From考查短語(yǔ)。from then on 表示“從那以后”。76.eating/having考查動(dòng)詞。enjoy doing sth 表示“喜歡做某事”。根據(jù)句意:人們喜歡吃粽子。77.once考查副詞。根據(jù)句意：在過(guò)去人們一年只吃一次粽子，而現(xiàn)在我們把它看成我們的日常食物。78.watched/seen考查動(dòng)詞。表示“觀看”用“watch”。根據(jù)句意:你在電視

18、上有看過(guò)龍舟賽嗎？79.fast考查副詞。劃龍舟快表示速度快，應(yīng)用“fast”。80.you考查代詞。根據(jù)句意：你希望和我們過(guò)這個(gè)節(jié)嗎？ I am Jackie Lee, an American Chinese. Let me tell you about my grandfathers life story. My grandfather was 71 in 1932 and grew up in a poor village in Fujian, China. At the age of 14, he first heard of America. It was said to be th

19、e land of gold and poor people could easily become 72 there. So, my grandfather came to America.“I had thought it was easy to 73 money in America,” （二） 2014年廣東省初中畢業(yè)生學(xué)業(yè)考試bornrichmake he told me. “But when I 74 in Los Angeles, I realized it was not true. I couldnt find a good job because I spoke littl

20、e English. I wanted to go to a language school to learn English,75 I couldnt afford it. Later, I worked in a small 76 , serving the guests, cleaning up the tables, washing the dishes and sweeping the floors. I was such 77helpful and honest worker that my boss was pleased with me. I was popular with

21、my workmates, 78 . Life became easier and in the end I entered an evening school to learn English.butrestaurantatooarrived My grandfather kept working hard , and finally made 79 dream come true. Things do not come easily in life. That is what I have learned 80 my grandfather. fromhis語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文介紹了作者爺爺在美

22、國(guó)創(chuàng)業(yè)的生活經(jīng)歷故 事。71.born考查動(dòng)詞詞組。根據(jù)句子知道是be born in+地點(diǎn),生于某地。72.rich考查形容詞。句中有the land of gold 以及poor people可以推斷出。73.make考查動(dòng)詞詞組。根據(jù)句意：賺錢容易。考查詞組make money。74.arrived考查動(dòng)詞詞組。根據(jù)句意是考查動(dòng)詞詞組 “到達(dá)”arrive in。75.but考查連詞。根據(jù)空后面的一句I couldnt afford it可知是意義轉(zhuǎn)折。76.restaurant考查名詞。根據(jù)后面一句“serving the guests, cleaning up the tables,

23、 washing the dishes and sweeping the floors”推斷是飯店。77.a考查冠詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)such后面跟名詞短語(yǔ)，helpful and honest worker，其中worker可數(shù)單數(shù)名詞。78.too考查副詞。從77所在句子和78所在句子可知是爺爺不僅誠(chéng)實(shí)，樂(lè)于助人，也受工友歡迎。79.his考查代詞。這里his指代的是爺爺。80.from考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。learn from sb. 向某人學(xué)習(xí)。 從上面的分析來(lái)看，短文填空主要考查以下幾個(gè)方面： (1)借助于圖對(duì)上下文(整篇)的理解和把握；(解答的基礎(chǔ)) (2)理解及推測(cè)句子的含義，絕大部分答案可

24、以根據(jù)句意得出；(答題的要點(diǎn)) (3)習(xí)慣用法和常用搭配(短語(yǔ))的掌握情況(每年均考查 23題的固定搭配)； (4)邏輯推理及根據(jù)生活常識(shí)判斷。 根據(jù)上面的分析我們歸納出實(shí)用的短文填空的解題技巧，同學(xué)們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的練習(xí)中可以采用以下的方法多加練習(xí)。 I am a Chinese boy. My English name is Bob. I live far from (1) . I often go to school by bike. I do not like to be (2) . I always get to school on time. One morning, I went to

25、school (3) my bicycle as usual. Suddenly there was something (4) with the wheel of my bike. I could not ride it, so I (5) to get off the bike. （一）（一）schoollateonwronghad I tried my (6) , but it still did not work. I was very worried and did not know what to do. Just at the moment, an old man came ov

26、er. He asked me what had (7) . I told him the sad thing. He said that he could help me. A few minutes (8) , he mended the bike well. I was very glad and said, “Thank you very much!” But the old man went away (9) saying any words. Then I rode to school as (10) as I could. Luckily, I reached the class

27、room in time. besthappenedlaterwithoutfast （二）Dear Mary, I cant wait until you get here! I am meeting you at the airport 1 1:00 on Friday. From there we are going right home, so you can meet my 2 .After you rest 3 a few minutes, we are all going to dinner at a Japanese restaurant. We want you to com

28、fortable on your first day in New York. dinner, well probably go to a movie.atfamilyfeelforAfter Saturday we can sleep late if you want to. In the afternoon, we can take a boat ride around New York, so you can see 6 it looks like. Later we are 7 a couple of museums, Jerry and Tom want to have dinner

29、 with 8 Saturday night. Well probably meet them at an Italian restaurant on 56th Street. Im sorry you have to go to Washington so soon, I am going to the airport with you on Monday morning to say 9 . Have a safe 10 , Mariawhatvisitingusgoodbyetrip復(fù)習(xí)方法復(fù)習(xí)方法 短文填空是綜合性較強(qiáng)的考題，想要在中考得到高分必須在平時(shí)多下功夫積累好基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。下面我們

30、列舉一些積累的學(xué)習(xí)方法。 一、熟記單詞。 包括單詞的形、音、義和詞性，還要記住它的同義詞、反義詞，同時(shí)注意詞形和詞性的轉(zhuǎn)變。請(qǐng)同學(xué)們認(rèn)真識(shí)記好每一個(gè)考綱單詞。需要記住的單詞: 1. 雨傘 2. 相機(jī) 3. 鋼琴 4. 大衣 5. 毛衣 6. 音樂(lè)會(huì) 7. 野炊 8. 自豪的 9. 口渴的 10. 饑餓的 11. 推 12. 困難的 13. 不同 14. 參觀 15. 重要的 16. 細(xì)心的 17. 保護(hù) 18. 通過(guò) 19. 健康的 20. 拉 21. 理解 22. 相信 23. 收到 24. 負(fù)擔(dān)得起umbrellacamerapianocoatsweaterconcertpicnicpro

31、udthirstyhungrypushdifficultdifferentvisitimportantcarefulprotectpasshealthypullunderstandbelievereceiveafford 需要記住的動(dòng)詞及過(guò)去式: 1.buybought 買 2.feelfelt 感覺(jué) 3.fallfell 摔倒 4.hearheard 聽(tīng)到 5.loselost 丟失 6.makemade 制造，使得 7.saysaid 說(shuō) 8.seesaw 看見(jiàn) 9.telltold 告訴 10.breakbroke 打破 11.givegave 給 12.wakewoke 醒來(lái) 13.c

32、atchcaught 抓住 14.findfound 找到,發(fā)現(xiàn) 15.leaveleft 離開(kāi) 16.lielay 躺下 17.drivedrove 駕駛 18.spendspent 花費(fèi) 19.teachtaught 教 20.thinkthought 想, 認(rèn)為 21.taketook 帶走, 花費(fèi) 22.bringbrought 拿來(lái) 23.ringrang (鈴)響 24.eatate 吃 二、熟記短語(yǔ)二、熟記短語(yǔ)1. 減肥 2. 摔倒 3. (醫(yī)生) 仔細(xì)檢查 (病人) 4. 傷得很重 5. 令某人感到驚訝的是 6. 嘲笑 7. 因遲到 8. 撿起，搭車載人 9. 與不同/和一樣

33、10. 與和一樣 11. 對(duì)感興趣 12. 忙于做某事 13. 能夠 lose weightfall downlook overbe (badly) hurtto ones surprise laugh atbe late for pick upbe different from the same as be interested in be busy with/doing sth. be able to 14. 詢問(wèn) 15. 趕上，追上 16. 想出，提出 17. 想起，想出 18. 及時(shí)，準(zhǔn)時(shí) 19. 玩得快樂(lè) 20. 擔(dān)心 21. 在幫助下 22. 阻止某人干某事 23. 充滿 24.

34、在回家/去學(xué)校的路上 ask forcatch up with come up with think of on/in time enjoy oneself/have a good time worry about/be worried about with the help of stop sb.from doing sth. be full of/be filled with on the way home/to school 三、熟記句型三、熟記句型1.四個(gè)“花費(fèi)” sb.+spend+時(shí)間/錢+on sth./(in)doing sth. It+takes+sb.+時(shí)間+to do s

35、th. sth.+cost+sb.+錢 sb.+pay+錢+for sth. 2.Its said+that+從句 據(jù)說(shuō) 3.so+形容詞/副詞+that+從句 如此以致于能 4.too+形容詞/副詞+to+V原 太而不能 5.Its time for sb to do sth. 是某人該做某事的時(shí)候了 6. 讓我們做/不要做 7. 最好(不)做某事 8. ? 為什么不做? 9. 請(qǐng)問(wèn)你(不)做? 10. 怎么樣? 11. 你介意(不)做? 12. 你愿意做? 13. 使某事被做 14. 寧可做而不愿做 15. 寧可做而不愿做Lets/Dont do sth. had better (not)

36、 do sth.Why not/Why dont you do sth. Would/Will/Could you please (not) do sth.? How/What about doing sth.? Would you mind (not) doing sth.? Would you like to do sth.? have /get sth.done prefer to do sth.rather than do sth. would rather do sth.than do sth. 四、熟記易混詞辨析。四、熟記易混詞辨析。 1. 相當(dāng) 安靜地 2. 甜的 汗水 3. 后

37、來(lái) 后者 最近的 4. 國(guó)外 上(船，飛機(jī)) 5. 雞 廚房 6. 單獨(dú)的 寂寞的 7. 金屬 勛章 模特 8. 除外 期望 接受 9. 地板 面粉 10. 三月 比賽 11. 故事 商店 12. 通過(guò) 盡管 13. 目的 假設(shè) quitequietsweetsweatlaterlatterlatestabroadaboardchickenkitchenalonelonelymetalmedalmodelexceptexpectacceptfloorflourmarchmatchstorystorethroughthoughpurposesuppose短文填空應(yīng)試策略短文填空應(yīng)試策略 1.1.

38、通讀全文，把握大意通讀全文，把握大意 2.2.分析空缺，掌握變化分析空缺，掌握變化 3.3.復(fù)讀短文，驗(yàn)證答案復(fù)讀短文，驗(yàn)證答案1.Review what you learned today.2.Finish off the other passages on the paper Mr. Wang had a grandson, (1) _ name is Ming. Mr. Wang loved his grandson very much. Mr. Wang was good at (2) _ and he wanted Ming to be an artist when he (3) _

39、 up, so he taught his grandson to draw when Ming was free at weekends. One Saturday morning, Mr. Wang put (4) _apples on the table and he asked Ming (5) _draw them. （一） He (6) _ his grandson that he could get a lovely teddy bear if he drew them well. After Mr. Wang left, Ming thought that it was (7) _ difficult for him to draw them. Ming thought and thought and then he had an (8) _. Ming ate two of the apples and then he finished drawing in a short while. Two hours later, Mr. Wang got back home. He was very (9) _wh