中考英語(yǔ)初一至初三全程知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及練習(xí)

1、初一年級(jí)（上）【知識(shí)梳理】i. 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. sit down 2. on duty 3. in english 4. have a seat 5. at home 6. look like 7. look at 8. have a look 9. come on 10. at work 11. at school 12. put on 13. look after 14. get up 15. go shopping ii. 重要句型1. help sb. do sth. 2. what about ?3. let s do sth.4. it s time to do sth.5. it

2、s time for 6. what s ? it is / it s7. where is ? it s.8. how old are you? i m .9. what class are you in? i m in .10. welcome to.11. what s plus ? it s.12. i think13. who s this? this is.14. what can you see？ i can see.15. there is (are) .16. what colour is it (are they)? it s (they re) 17. whose is

3、this? it s.18. what time is it? it s.iii. 交際用語(yǔ)1. good morning, miss/mr.2. hello! hi! 3. nice to meet you. nice to meet you, too. 4. how are you? i m fine, thank you/thanks. and you? 5. see you. see you later. 6. thank you! you re welcome.7. goodbye! bye! 8. what s your name? my name is .9. here you

4、are. this way, please. 10. who s on duty today?11. let s do.12. let me see. iv. 重要語(yǔ)法1. 動(dòng)詞 be 的用法；2. 人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法；3. 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的用法；4. 冠詞的基本用法；5. there be 句型的用法。【名師講解】1. in/on 在表示空間位置時(shí)，in 表示在某個(gè)空間的范圍以內(nèi)，on 表示在某一個(gè)物體的表面之上。例如：there is a bird in the tree. 樹上有只鳥。there is a picture on the wall. 墻上有張圖。2. this/

5、that/these/those (1)this 常常用來(lái)指在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)上更接近講話人的人和事，these是 this 的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 that常常用來(lái)指在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)上離講話人更遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)的人和事，those時(shí) that 的復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：you look in this box and i ll look in that one over there.你看看這個(gè)盒子，我去看那邊的那個(gè)盒子。i want this car, not that car. 我想要這輛小汽車，不是那一輛。take these books to his room, please. 請(qǐng)把這些書拿到他房間去。this is mi

6、ne; that s yours. 這個(gè)是我的，那個(gè)是你的。these are apples; those are oranges. 這些是蘋果，那些是橘子。(2)在打電話的用語(yǔ)中，this 常常指的是我，that 常常指的是對(duì)方。例如：this is mary speaking. who s that? 我是瑪麗。你是誰(shuí)？3. there be/ have there be 有，其確切含意為某處或某時(shí)存在某人或某物。其結(jié)構(gòu)是： there be + 某人或某物+ 表示地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。there be 后面的名詞實(shí)際上是主語(yǔ)，be 動(dòng)詞的形式要和主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致，be 動(dòng)詞后面的名詞是單數(shù)

7、或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)用is，名詞是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用are。例如：(1) there is a big bottle of coke on the table. 桌上有一大瓶子可樂。(2) there is a doll in the box. 那個(gè)盒子里有個(gè)娃娃。(3) there are many apples on the tree. 那樹上有許多蘋果?？傊?， there be 結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一種客觀存在的有。have 表示 擁有， 占有， 具有 ，即：某人有某物 (sb. have / has sth.)。主語(yǔ)一般是名詞或代詞，與主語(yǔ)是所屬關(guān)系。例如：(4) i have two brothers an

8、d one sister. 我有兩個(gè)兄弟，一個(gè)姐姐。(5) that house has four rooms. 那所房子有四個(gè)房間。4. look/ see/ watch (1)look 表示 “ 看、瞧 ” ，著重指認(rèn)真看，強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作，表示有意識(shí)地注意看，但不一定看到，以提醒對(duì)方注意。，如：look! the children are playing computer games. 瞧！孩子們?cè)谕骐娔X游戲。look! what s that over there? 看！那邊那個(gè)是什么？單獨(dú)使用是不及物動(dòng)詞，如強(qiáng)調(diào)看某人/物，其后接介詞at，才能帶賓語(yǔ)，如：he s looking at

9、me 。他正在看著我。(2)see強(qiáng)調(diào) “ 看” 的結(jié)果，著重的是look 這個(gè)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，意思是“ 看到 ” ，see是及物動(dòng)詞，后面能直接跟賓語(yǔ)。如：what can you see in the picture? 你能在圖上看到什么？look at the blackboard. what did you see on it? 看黑板！你看到了什么？(3)watch“ 觀看， 注視 ” ，側(cè)重于場(chǎng)面， 表示全神貫注地觀看、觀察或注視某事務(wù)的活動(dòng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程，常用于“ 看電視、看足球、看演出” 等。如：yesterday we watched a football match on tv.

10、昨天我們從電視上看了一場(chǎng)足球比賽。4. put on/ / in put on 意為 “ 穿上，戴上 ” 。主要指 “ 穿上 ” 這一動(dòng)作 , 后面接表示服裝、鞋帽的名詞。in 是介詞，表示“ 穿著 ” 強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。在句中可以做定語(yǔ)、標(biāo)語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。如：it s cold outside, put on your coat. 外面冷，穿上你的外衣。he puts on his hat and goes out. 他戴上帽子，走了出去。the woman in a white blouse is john s mother.穿白色襯衣的那個(gè)婦女是john 的媽媽。5. house/ home/fami

11、ly house ：“ 房子 ” ，指居住的建筑物; home: “家 ” ，指一個(gè)人同家人共同經(jīng)常居住的地方; family: “ 家庭 “ ，“ 家庭成員 ” 。例如：please come to my house this afternoon. 今天下午請(qǐng)到我家來(lái)。he is not at home. 他不在家。my family all get up early. 我們?nèi)叶计鸬煤茉纭?. fine, nice, good, well四者都可用作形容詞表示好之意， 但前三者既可作表語(yǔ)又可作定語(yǔ)，而后者僅用作表語(yǔ)。主要區(qū)別在于：(1) fine 指物時(shí)表示的是質(zhì)量上的精細(xì) ，形容人時(shí)表示

12、的是身體健康 ，也可以用來(lái)指 天氣晴朗 。例如：your parents are very fine. 你父母身體很健康。thats a fine machine. 那是一臺(tái)很好的機(jī)器。its a fine day for a walk today. 今天是散步的好時(shí)候。(2)nice 主要側(cè)重于人或物的外表，有美好 ，漂亮 的意思，也可用于問候或贊揚(yáng)別人。例如：lucy looks nice. 露西看上去很漂亮。these coats are very nice. 那些裙子很好看。nice to meet you. 見到你很高興。its very nice of you. 你真好。(3)go

13、od形容人時(shí)指 品德好 ，形容物時(shí)指質(zhì)量好 ，是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用語(yǔ)。例如：her son is a good student. 她兒子是一個(gè)好學(xué)生。the red car is very good. 那輛紅色小汽車很好。(4)well 只可用來(lái)形容人的身體好 ，但不能作定語(yǔ)，它也能用作副詞作狀語(yǔ)，多放在所修飾的動(dòng)詞之后。例如：im very well, thanks. 我身體很好，謝謝。my friends sing well. 我的朋友們歌唱得好?！究键c(diǎn)掃描】中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要集中在：1. 動(dòng)詞 be 的用法；2. 人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法；3. 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的用法；4

14、. 冠詞的基本用法；5. there be 句型的用法。6. 本單元學(xué)過(guò)的詞匯、短語(yǔ)和句型；7. 本單元學(xué)過(guò)的日常交際用語(yǔ)。考試形式可以是單項(xiàng)填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子?！局锌挤独?. (2004 年北京市中考試題) mary, please show _ your picture. a. my b. mine c. i d. me 【解析 】答案： d。該題考查的是人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法。本題中動(dòng)詞show 后面跟雙賓語(yǔ)，空白處應(yīng)填入人稱代詞的賓格me 作賓語(yǔ)。2. (2004 年上海市徐匯區(qū)中考試題) _ orange on the desk is for you, mike.

15、 a. a b.an c. / d. the 【解析 】答案： d。該題考查的是冠詞的基本用法。因?yàn)槭翘刂刚n桌上的那個(gè)橘子，所以用定冠詞the。3. (2004 年哈爾濱市中考試題) -what _ the number of the girls in your class? -about twenty. a. is b. am c. are d. be 【解析 】答案： a。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞be 的用法和主謂一致。the number 作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)該是單數(shù)第三人稱，動(dòng)詞be 變?yōu)?is。4. (2004 年陜西省中考試題) there _ a football match on tv this

16、 evening. a. will have b. is going to be c. has d. is going to have 【解析 】答案： b。該題考查的是there be 句型和動(dòng)詞have用法區(qū)別。 there be句型本身就表示 “ 在某個(gè)地方存在某個(gè)人或物” ，不能和動(dòng)詞have混在一起用。【滿分演練】一. 單項(xiàng)填空1. -what colour is the bike? - it s _ orange.a. an b. a c. / d. the 2. that isn t her bag. it s _.a. my b. i c. mine d. me 3. -oh,

17、 your kite is very nice. -_. a. that s right b. no, it s not nice c. yes, it is d. thank you4. the woman is sixty, but she _ young. a. is b. sees c. looks d. watches 5. it s time _ lunch. let s go home.a. to b. in c. for d. on 6. -_ is your coat? -the black one. a. what b. where c. which d. how 7. -

18、_ is the toy? - it s on the bed.a. who b. where c. what d. whose 8. the shoes are too old. put _ over there. a. it b. they c. their d. them 9. excuse me. can you _ my watch, please? a. look b. look like c. look after d. look at 10. look _ the blackboard and listen _ the teacher. a. / / b. at; to c.

19、after; / d. on; after 11. -whose dress is this? -it s _.a. lucy b. lucy s c. jim d. jim s12. the girl _ the purple coat is his sister. a. at b. in c. on d. with 13. there is a bird _ the tree. a. in b. on c. to d. of 14. there are many _ in our school. a. woman teachers b. woman teacher c. women tea

20、cher d. women teachers 15. -is there a ball under the desk? -_. a. yes, it is b. yes, theresc. no, there isn t d. no, there is16. there _ some books and a pencil on the desk. a. am b. is c. are d. be 17. -let me help you. -_. a. you re welcome b. thanks very much c. don t worry d. yes, thanks18. _ o

21、ld man is _ english teacher. a. the; an b. an; an c. the; the d. a; a 19. -what _ five plus six? -it s eleven.a. am b. is c. are d. / 20. -what _ you see in the picture? -i can see some flowers. a. must b. can c. are d. do 二. 完形填空this is a picture of kat s _1_. what can we _2_ in the picture? look _

22、3_ it, please. the man _4_ the black coat is kate s father, mr. green. the _5_ in the red sweater is mrs. green. they _6_ young. the baby is kate. the little boy is kate s _7_, jim. _8_ the man behind mrs. green? oh, he s _9_ brother, mr. read. he _10_ young, too. 1. a. families b. family c. parents

23、 d. brothers 2. a. look b. do c. see d.put 3. a. at b. after c. for d. up 4. a. on b. of c. in d. to 5. a. man b. girl c. women d. woman 6. a. are b. is c. look like d. looking 7. a. sister b. brother c. father d. aunt 8. a. what s b. where s c. who sd. how is 9. a. his b. her c. our d. their 10. a.

24、 looks b. am c. look d. very 三. 在 b 欄中找出a 欄英語(yǔ)句子的正確答語(yǔ)(a) (b) 1. how are you? a. i am in row 6. 2. can you spell it, please? b. fine, thank you. 3. how do you do? c. yes, b-o-o-k, book. 4. what row are you in? d. it is ten. 5. what s two plus eight? e. nice to meet you, too.6. nice to meet you. f. i a

25、m 14. 7. how old are you? g. wang ping is. 8. who s not here? h. it s here.9. where is the bag? i. it s a book.10. what is this in english? j. how do you do? 四. 完成對(duì)話：在對(duì)話后面的句子中選出正確的填入空白處jim: excuse me, ann. whose black dog is this? is it yours? ann: let me have a look._1_. i think it s sam s. my dog

26、is brown.jim: sam, look at the dog behind the tree._2_? sam: sorry, it isn t mine. my dog is black and white. i think it looks like mary s.jim: _3_? sam: she s my friend. look! she s over there. let s go and ask her.jim: _4_. sam: hi, mary! is that dog yours? mary: _5_. sam: it s a lovely dog! don t

27、 lose it!mary: yes, thank you. a. who s maryb. ok, let s goc. oh, no it s not mined. oh, yes. it s minee. is it yours 五. 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. _ (he) pen is in _ (i) pencil-box. 2. _ (you) shoes _ (be) under the bed. 3. _ (who) new ruler is this? 4. -are these trousers _ (you)? - no, they aren t _ (we)5. i

28、t s time _ (go) and play games. 6. this is my pen. please give it to _ (i). 7. i have two _ (baby). 8. look! that is a _ (china) car. 9. it is _ (my teacher) sweater. 10. now her _ ( parent) are in america. 六. 閱讀理解(a) bob was born in a big and rich family. his father is a university professor. he te

29、aches american history. his mother is a very capable woman. she is the manager of a big company. she earns a lot of money, of course. bob has two sisters and a brother. his elder sister, jenny, is fourteen. she studies in a middle school. his younger sister, ann, is ten. she studies in a private pri

30、mary school. she has a very good memory. she is clever. his younger brother, dick, is only six. he has just started going to school. bob gets on well with his family. he is on good terms not only with his parents, but also with his sisters and brother. (have a friendly relationship with sb.) he is,

31、in a word, an apple in their eyes. 根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容，判斷下列句子的正誤：正確地答“a”，錯(cuò)誤的答 “b”。1. bob was born in a small and rich family. 2. he has two brothers and a sister. 3. there are five people in his family. 4. dick is only six. he studies in a private primary school. 5. “ he is an apple in their eyes” means “ they

32、love him very much”.(b) look at the clothes line in the twins bedroom. there are some clothes on it. you can see a green blouse and a yellow skirt. the trousers on the clothes line are black. they are not new but clean. are they lilys clothes? no. i know they are lucys. lilys clothes are on a clothe

33、s tree near the window. her trousers are brown, her blouse is white and her skirt is blue. there is a new hat on the clothes tree, but its not lilys, its lucys. there is an old hat on lucys bed in the room, its lilys. there are no clothes on the other bed, the bed is lilys. 1. what can you see in th

34、e bedroom? i can see _. a. a clothes line b. a tree c. a bed 2. what colour are lucys trousers? they are _. a. green b. black c. brown 3. where is lucys hat? its on _. a. the clothes tree b. the clothes line c. lilys bed 4. how many beds are there in the room? _. a. only one b. three c. two 5. are t

35、here any things on lilys bed? _. a. yes, there is a hat on it b. no, there is not anything on it c. sorry, i dont know (c) its a fine sunday morning. ann and her mother are in a big bus. there are many people in it. some of them come from america, and some come from england and canada. they are all

36、their friends. they are going to the great wall. there are two chinese in the bus. one is woman. she is driving the bus. the other is a young man. he speaks good english. he is now talking about the great wall. the other people are all listening to him. they like the great wall. they want to see it

37、very much. 1. ann and mother are going to the great wall _. a. by bike b. by car c. by plane d. by bus 2. there are _. a. only one chinese in the bus b. only two chinese in the bus c. only two chinese on the bike d. only one chinese in the car 3. the driver is _. a. a man b. a woman c. a canadian d.

38、 an american 4. the people _. a. are singing b. are talking c. are listening d. are looking at the wall 5. they _. a. can see the great wall b. can speak english very well. c. want to talk with the man very much d. want to see the great wall very much 初一年級(jí)（下）【知識(shí)梳理】i. 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. a bottle of 2. a little 3

39、. a lot (of) 4. all day 5. be from 6. be over 7. come back 8. come from 9. do one s homework10. do the shopping 11. get down 12. get home 13. get to 14. get up 15. go shopping 16. have a drink of 17. have a look 18. have breakfast 19. have lunch 20. have supper 21. listen to 22. not at all23. put aw

40、ay24. take off 25. throw it like that 26. would like 27. in the middle of the day 28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening 29. on a farm 30. in a factory ii. 重要句型1. let sb. do sth. 2. could sb. do sth.? 3. would like sth. 4. would like to do sth. 5. what about something to eat? 6. how do you spell ?7

41、. may i borrow?iii. 交際用語(yǔ)1. thanks very much! youre welcome. 2. put it/them away. 3. whats wrong? 4. i think so. i dont think so. 5. i want to take some books to the classroom. 6. give me a bottle of orange juice, please. please give it / them back tomorrow. ok. 9. whats your favourite sport? 10. don

42、t worry. 11.i m (not) good at basketball.12. do you want a go? 13. thats right./ that s all right./ all right.14. do you have a dictionary / any dictionaries? yes, i do. / no, i don t.15. we / they have some cds. we / they don t have any cds.16. -what day is it today / tomorrow? -it s monday.17. -ma

43、y i borrow your colour pens, please? -certainly. here you are. 18. -where are you from? -from beijing. 19. whats your telephone number in new york? 20. -do you like hot dogs? -yes, i do. ( a little. / a lot. / very much.) -no, i dont. ( i dont like them at all.) 21. -what does your mother like? -she

44、 likes dumplings and vegetables very much. 22. -when do you go to school every day? -i go to school at 7:00 every day. 23. -what time does he go to bed in the evening? -he goes to bed at 10:00. iv. 重要語(yǔ)法1.人稱代詞的用法；2. 祈使句；3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成和用法；4動(dòng)詞 have的用法；5一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)構(gòu)成和用法；6可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的構(gòu)成和用法【名師講解】1.thats right./ tha

45、t s all right./ all right.that sright 意為 “ 對(duì)的 ” ，表示贊同對(duì)方的意見、看法或行為，肯定對(duì)方的答案或判斷。例如：i think we must help the old man. 我想我們應(yīng)該幫助這位老人。 thats right.或 youre right. 說(shuō)得對(duì) 。that sall right.意為 “ 不用謝 ” 、“ 沒關(guān)系 ” ，用來(lái)回答對(duì)方的致謝或道歉。例如：many thanks. thats all right. sorry. its broken. thats all right. all right.意為 “ 行了 ” 、“

46、 可以 ” ，表示同意對(duì)方的建議或要求。有時(shí)還可以表示“ 身體很好 ”please tell me about it. 請(qǐng)把此事告訴我。 all right. 好吧。 is your mother all right? 你媽身體好嗎2. make/do 這兩個(gè)詞都可以解釋為“ 做” ，但含義卻不同，不能混用。make 指做東西或制東西，do指做一件具體的事。can you make a paper boat for me? 你能為我做個(gè)紙船嗎？he s doing his homework now.他正在做他的作業(yè)。3. say/speak/talk/tell say：是最口語(yǔ)化的最普通的一個(gè)

47、詞，意為“ 說(shuō)出 ” 、“ 說(shuō)道 ” ，著重所說(shuō)的話。如：“ i want to go there by bus” , he said . 他說(shuō)， “ 我要坐汽車到那里去?！眕lease say it in english . 請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)。speak : “說(shuō)話 ” ，著重開口發(fā)聲，不著重所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容，一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞(即后面不能直接接賓語(yǔ)) 。如：can you speak about him? 你能不能說(shuō)說(shuō)他的情況？i don t like to speak like this. 我不喜歡這樣說(shuō)話。speak 作及物動(dòng)詞解時(shí)， 只能和某種語(yǔ)言等連用，表達(dá)在對(duì)話中恰當(dāng)使用詞匯的能力。如：sh

48、e speaks english well. 她英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得好。talk : 與 speak 意義相近，也著重說(shuō)話的動(dòng)作，而不著重所說(shuō)的話，因此，一般也只用作不及物動(dòng)詞，不過(guò)， talk 暗示話是對(duì)某人說(shuō)的，有較強(qiáng)的對(duì)話意味，著重指連續(xù)地和別人談話。如：i would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟他談那件事。old women like to talk with children.老年婦女喜歡和孩子們交談。tell : “告訴 ” ，除較少情況外，一般后面總接雙賓語(yǔ)。如：he s telling me a story. 他在給我講故事。tell a lie

49、撒謊tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth. miss zhao often tells us to study hard. 4. do cooking/ do the cooking do cooking 作 “ 做飯 ” 解， 屬泛指。do the cooking 特指某一頓飯或某一家人的飯。cooking為動(dòng)名詞， 不能用作復(fù)數(shù)，但前面可用some, much 修飾。 從 do some cooking 可引出許多類似的短語(yǔ)：do some washing 洗些衣服do some shopping 買些東西do some reading 讀

50、書do some writing 寫些東西do some fishing 釣魚從以上短語(yǔ)可引申出另一類短語(yǔ)，不能用some, much 或定冠詞。go shopping 去買東西go fishing 去釣魚go boating 去劃船go swimming 去游泳5. like doing sth./ like to do sth. like doing sth. 與 like to do sth. 意思相同， 但用法有區(qū)別。 前者強(qiáng)調(diào)一般性的愛好或者表示動(dòng)作的習(xí)慣性和經(jīng)常性；后來(lái)表示一次性和偶然性的動(dòng)作。例如：he likes playing football, but he doesn t

51、 like to play football with li ming.他喜歡踢足球，但是他不喜歡和李明踢。6. other/ others/ the other/ another other 表其余的，別的，have you any other questions? 你還有其他問題嗎? others 別的人，別的東西in the room some people are american, the others are french. 在屋子里一些人是美國(guó)人 ,其他的是法國(guó)人。the other 表另一個(gè)（二者之中）one，the otherone of my two brothers st

52、udies english, the other studies chinese. 我兩個(gè)哥哥中的一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)英文,另一個(gè)學(xué)中文。another 表三者以上的另一個(gè)，另一些there is room for another few books on the shelf. 書架上還可以放點(diǎn)書。7. in the tree/ on the tree in the tree 與 on the tree.譯成中文均為 在樹上 但英語(yǔ)中有區(qū)別。 in the tree 表示某人、某事（不屬于樹本身生長(zhǎng)出的別的東西）落在樹上， 表示樹的枝、 葉、花、果等長(zhǎng)在樹上時(shí)，要使用 on thetree.如：there

53、 are some apples on the tree. 那棵樹上有些蘋果。there is a bird in the tree. 那棵樹上有只鳥。8. some/ any (1)some和 any 既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。但有以下兩點(diǎn)需要注意。some 常用于肯定句中，any 常用于否定句和疑問句中。如：there is some water in the glass. is there any water in the glass? there isnt any water in the glass. (2)在說(shuō)話者希望得到肯定答復(fù)的一般疑問句中，或在表示請(qǐng)求，邀請(qǐng)的疑問

54、句中，我們依然用 some。如：would you like some tea? 9. tall/ high (1)說(shuō)人，動(dòng)物，樹木等有生命的東西，主要用tall，不用 high，例如a tall woman 一個(gè)高個(gè)子?jì)D女a(chǎn) tall horse 一個(gè)高大的馬(2)說(shuō)一個(gè)不與地面接觸的人和物的高時(shí)，要用 high，而不用 tall，比如人站在桌子上時(shí)，飛機(jī)飛上天時(shí)，例如：he is high up in the tree. 他高高地爬在樹上。the plane is so high in the sky. 飛機(jī)在空中這么高。(3)指建筑物、山時(shí)要tall 或 high 都可以，不過(guò)high

55、的程度比tall 高。(4)high 可作副詞， tall 不能。(5)tall 的反義詞為short, high 的反義詞為low. 10. can/ could (1) can 表示體力和腦力方面的能力，或根據(jù)客觀條件能做某種動(dòng)作的能力。例如：can you ride a bike ？ 你會(huì)騎自行車嗎？what can i do for you ？ 要幫忙嗎？can you make a cake？你會(huì)做蛋糕嗎？(2) can 用在否定句和疑問句中時(shí)有時(shí)表示說(shuō)話人的懷疑 猜測(cè) 或不肯定。例如：where can he be？他會(huì)在什么地方呢？can the news be true？這個(gè)消

56、息會(huì)是真的嗎？it surely cant be six oclock already ？不可能已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)鐘了吧？you cant be hungry so soon，tom ，youve just had lunch. 湯姆，你不可能餓得這么快，你剛吃過(guò)午飯。what can he mean？他會(huì)是什么意思？在日常會(huì)話中，can 可代替 may 表示 允許 ， may 比較正式。例如：you can come in any time. 你隨時(shí)都可以來(lái)。- can i use your pen？我能用你的鋼筆嗎？- of course，you can.當(dāng)然可以。you can have my s

57、eat，im going now. 我要走了，你坐我的座位吧。(3) could could 是 can 的過(guò)去式，表示過(guò)去有過(guò)的能力和可能性（在否定和疑問句中）。例如：the doctor said he could help him. （能力）醫(yī)生說(shuō)他能幫助他。lily could swim when she was four years old. （能力）當(dāng)麗麗四歲的時(shí)候她就會(huì)游泳。at that time we thought the story could be true. （可能性）那時(shí)我們以為所說(shuō)的可能是真的。could 可代替 can 表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，但語(yǔ)氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)。例如：

58、could i speak to john， please ？我能和約翰說(shuō)話嗎？could you？在口語(yǔ)中表示請(qǐng)求對(duì)方做事。例如：could you wait half an hour ？請(qǐng)你等半個(gè)小時(shí)好嗎？could you please ring again at six ？六點(diǎn)鐘請(qǐng)你再打電話好嗎？(4) can的形式只有現(xiàn)在式can 和過(guò)去式could 兩種形式。能表示一般現(xiàn)在和一般過(guò)去兩種時(shí)態(tài)，有時(shí)也能表示將來(lái)。所有其他時(shí)態(tài)（包括將來(lái)時(shí)）須用be able to 加動(dòng)詞不定式來(lái)表示。例如：they have not been able to come to beijing. 他們沒有

59、能到北京來(lái)。11. look for/ find look for 意為 “ 尋找 ” ， 而 find 意為 “ 找到，發(fā)現(xiàn) ” ， 前者強(qiáng)調(diào) “ 找” 這一動(dòng)作， 并不注重 “ 找”的結(jié)果，而后者則強(qiáng)調(diào)“ 找 ” 的結(jié)果。例如：she can t find her ruler. 她找不到她的尺子啦。tom is looking for his watch ，but he can t find it.湯姆正在尋找他的手表，但沒能找到。12. be sleeping/ be asleep be sleeping 表示動(dòng)作，意思是“ 正在睡覺 ” ；be asleep 表示狀態(tài)，意思是“ 睡著了

60、 ” 。如：-what are the children doing in the room? 孩子們?cè)诜块g里做什么？-they are sleeping.他們正在睡覺。the children are asleep now.現(xiàn)在孩子們睡著了。13. often/ usually/sometimes often 表示 經(jīng)常 ，sometimes表示 有時(shí)候 ，在表示發(fā)生頻率上often 要高于 usually，usually 要高于 sometimes。這三個(gè)詞表示的是經(jīng)常性，一般性的動(dòng)作或情況，常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用，常位于主要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面，其他謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（be 動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞）的后面，