2022年2022年《英語演講與辯論》期末考試復習重點

1、精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載優(yōu)秀教案歡迎下載英語演講與辯論復習重點一.三種演講的定義introductory speech: the speechis writteninmanuscript formand is designed to fulfilltwopurposes.thefirstis to give you a brief、initial exposure to speaking before an audience.the second is to provide a piece oforiginalprose that can be used to help diagno

2、se your strengths and weakness as a writer.informative speech:is the one in which the speaker provide the audience with new and/or useful information about a significant topic.persuasivespeech: this is a speech designed to persuade the audience for or against a question or policy.二.演講稿三大板塊1.introduc

3、tionrelate topic to the audiencepresent the topic to the audienceattract attentionbuild credibilitypresent main points2.conclusion sum up3.bodyinformative speech1) visual aids精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載優(yōu)秀教案歡迎下載kinds of visual aida. objects and modelsb. photographs and drawingsc. graphsd. chartse. videos

4、f. the speakerg. powerpointtips for preparing visual aidsa. keep visual aids simpleb. make sure visual aids are large enoughc. use fonts that are easy to readd. use color effectively2) organization patterna. chronological order時間次序b. spacial order空間次序c. topical order話題次序persuasive speech精品學習資料精選學習資料

5、 - - - 歡迎下載1) question of fact2) question of value話題次序精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載3) question of policy（ passive agreement & immediate actiona. problem-solution pattern order問題出路法精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載優(yōu)秀教案歡迎下載b. problem-cause-solution order問題成因出路法c. comparative advantages order優(yōu)惠對比法 pros&cons）d.

6、 motivated sequence動機序列法seek immediate action and more detaile）dfive steps of motivated sequencei. attentionii. need iii. satisfactioniv. visualizationv. action三.supporting material 的運用（分析題會用到）problems:1. foreign languages、foreign laws、customs and regulations2. exchange rates varies3. numerous cultu

7、ral differences4. first-hand accurate information is comparatively hard to obtain.精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載brief example簡潔例證精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載1. examplesextended examplehypothetical example延展例證假設精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載優(yōu)秀教案歡迎下載single statistics2. statistics.multiple statisti

8、csa. use representative statisticsb. identify the sources of statisticsc. use statistics from reliable sourcesd. round off complicated statisticse. explain statisticsf. use visual aids to clarify statisticsexpert3. testimonypeela. decide whether to quote or paraphraseb. quote or paraphrase accuratel

9、yc. use testimony from qualified sources精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載優(yōu)秀教案歡迎下載d. use testimony from unbiased sourcese. identify the people you quote or paraphrase四.簡答1.intercultural competence2.mental dialogue3.使用 visual aids 的好處 4.為什么確定 specific purpose特殊重要5.為什么道德標準很重要五.methods of persuasion1. building cr

10、edibility1) factors of credibilitya. competenceb. character2) enhancing your credibilitya. explain your competenceb. establish common ground with your audiencec. deliver your speeches fluently.expressively and with conviction2. using evidencea. use specific evidenceb. use novel evidence新奇的）精品學習資料精選學

11、習資料 - - - 歡迎下載優(yōu)秀教案歡迎下載c. use evidence from credible sourcesd. make clear the point of your evidence3. reasoningis aprocess ofdrawingaconclusiononthe basis of evidence）1) reasoning from specific instancefrom a number of particular facts to a general conclusion）（歸納）a. avoid generalizing too hastilyb.

12、makesuretheinstancesyoupresentarefair、unbiasedand representative.c. reinforce your argument with statistics or testimony.2) reasoning from principle from a general principle to a specific conclusion（演繹） 留意：causal reasoning analogical reasoning fallaciesa. red herring 轉移話題（熏青魚）（ a fallacy that introd

13、uces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussionb. ad hominem人身攻擊a fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載優(yōu)秀教案歡迎下載c. bandwagon主流思想謬誤a fallacy that assumes that because something is popular、it is therefore good、correct or desirabled. slippery slope斜坡謬誤（不合理地使用連串的因果關系）a fallacythat assumesthat taking a firststep willlead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented4. appeali