初中英語現(xiàn)在完成時實用教案

1、春天(chntin)還會遠嗎 ?will it still be far in spring?冬天(dngtin)已經(jīng)來了,Winter has already come, 第1頁/共25頁第一頁，共26頁?，F(xiàn)在完成(wn chng)時態(tài)Winter has already come.第2頁/共25頁第二頁，共26頁?，F(xiàn)在(xinzi)完成時的構(gòu)成形式 have done has助動詞過去分詞第3頁/共25頁第三頁，共26頁。助動詞have/has可和前面(qin mian)的主語縮略為ve,s.如 theyve, weve, hes, its; youve has not=hasnthave

2、 not=havent第4頁/共25頁第四頁，共26頁。過去分詞的變化(binhu)1、一般動詞，在詞尾加 +ed work, plant,call2.以字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，詞尾加+d live, change, like, love, agree, save hate, move, arrive, skate, hope, use3.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音(fyn)字母的 雙寫輔音(fyn)字母ed. 如：plan, stop,drop,fit(適合), prefer(更喜歡), travel4.以輔音(fyn)字母y，結(jié)尾，變y為ied try, study, carry, hu

3、rry, cry, worry,copy第5頁/共25頁第五頁，共26頁。1.肯定句:主語+have/has(助動詞）+過去分詞+(其他(qt)）。2. 否定句: 主語+have/has+not +過去分詞+(其他(qt)）。 3.一般疑問句 Have/has+ 主語+過去分詞? Yes, 主語+have/has. No, 主語+have/hasnt.第6頁/共25頁第六頁，共26頁。用來表示之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，而其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系: 動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去(guq),但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在。 They have left. -他們已經(jīng)離開了,也就是說現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里 I have

4、 had my lunch. -我已經(jīng)吃過午飯了,也就是說我現(xiàn)在不餓現(xiàn)在完成(wn chng)時的含義也可表示持續(xù)(chx)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。 He has learned English since 2001. -從2001年開始學的,現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù)學著呢第7頁/共25頁第七頁，共26頁。nowpastfuture一般(ybn)過去時現(xiàn)在(xinzi)完成時現(xiàn)在完成(wn chng)時表示的是在過去某個時間開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作/狀態(tài),或者發(fā)生在過去卻對現(xiàn)在造成的影響They have left.He has learned English since 2001.第8頁/共25頁第八頁，共2

5、6頁。和現(xiàn)在(xinzi)完成時連用的時間狀語MeaningExamplealready已經(jīng)已經(jīng)I have already done my homework.yet還（未）還（未）I have not finished my homework yet.never從不，從沒從不，從沒I have never read this story.ever曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng)Have you ever watched this film?recently最近最近We have not seen Nancy recently.just剛剛剛剛He has just seen Nancy.for+時間段時間段時間時間

6、She learned English for nine years.since+時間點時間點自從自從I have not eaten anything since 9 a.m.in the past在過去的在過去的He has changed a lot in the past three years.第9頁/共25頁第九頁，共26頁。1.Mr. Black left China in 1990. Mr. Black _China since 1990.2.The hero died five years ago. The hero _ for five years.3.The meetin

7、g began two minutes ago. The meeting _ for two minutes.4.We borrowed two books last week. We _ the two books for a week.5. Sally joined the League two years ago. Sally _ the League for two years. has been away from has been deadhas been onhave kepthas been in第10頁/共25頁第十頁，共26頁。 延續(xù)性動詞：表示可以延續(xù)一段時間的動作或狀態(tài)

8、。如：be,drink,fly,eat,keep,lie,live,rain等。 瞬間(shn jin)性動詞：表示不能延續(xù)的動作，即動作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如：begin,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,finish,go,leave,lend,mary,reach,receive,open,start,stop等。 瞬間(shn jin)性的動詞是不能持續(xù)的，所以不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。比較延續(xù)性動詞(dngc)與瞬間性動詞(dngc) 第11頁/共25頁第十一頁，共26頁。 since 用來說明動作(dngzu)起始時間 “自從” for

9、用來說明動作(dngzu)延續(xù)時間長度 “長達”I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born.My aunt has worked in a company since 1949. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.比較(bjio)since和for第12頁/共25頁第十二頁，共26頁。二、用since和for填空(tinkng)1._two years 2._two years ago3._last month 4._

10、19995._yesterday 6._4 oclock7_4 hours 8._an hour ago9._we were children 10._ lunch time11._ she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.13. Ive known him _ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.15. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.16

11、. Its about ten years _ she left the city.第13頁/共25頁第十三頁，共26頁。瞬間性動詞例如come,go,leave等，不和表示延續(xù)性的時間狀語連用，例如for two hours或者是since last month。如果我們(w men)想用它們來表達延續(xù)性的狀態(tài)，就要把他們轉(zhuǎn)化成對應的延續(xù)性動詞。Verb Used for a continuous stateExamplebuyhave/has hadHe has had the watch for over two years.borrow have/has keptShe has kep

12、t this book for two weeks.arrivehave/has been in/atKitty has been in Nanjing for a month.leavehave/has been awayShe has been away from home for ten years.join have/has been in/a member of Simon has been a member of the Football Club since last year.diehave/has been deadThe fish has been dead for two

13、 days.get marriedhave/has been marriedThey have been married for more than twenty e/gohave/has been in/atMy cousin has been in Beijing for a month.begin/starthave/has been onThe meeting has been on for half an hour.stophave/has been overThe conference has been over since last Sunday.第14頁/共25頁第十四頁，共2

14、6頁。He died 10 years ago. - He _ _ _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He _ _ the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He _ _ the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago. - He _ _ here since three days ago.5. They turned off

15、the light 2 hours ago. - The light _ _ _ for 2 hours.6. He left here 2 years ago. - He _ _ _ from here for 2 years.7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film _ _ _ for 30 minutes.8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour.9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _

16、 for an hour.10. He joined the army last year. - He _ _ a _ for a year. - He _ _ _ the army for a year. - It _ a year _ he joined the army. 延續(xù)性動詞(dngc)和瞬間性動詞(dngc)之間的轉(zhuǎn)化第15頁/共25頁第十五頁，共26頁。He died 10 years ago. - He has been dead for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. -

17、 He has kept the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He has had the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago. - He has been here since three days ago.5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. - The light has been on for 2 hours.6. He left here 2 years ago. - He h

18、as been away from here for 2 years.7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film has been on for 30 minutes.8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The door has been open for an hour.9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door has been closed for an hour.10. He joined the army last year. - He has

19、been a soldier for a year. - He has been in the army for a year. - It is a year since he joined the army. 延續(xù)性動詞和瞬間(shn jin)性動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化 (keys)第16頁/共25頁第十六頁，共26頁。He has gone to Shanghai.他(已經(jīng)(y jing)去上海了。He has been to Shanghai.他(曾經(jīng)(cngjng) 去過上海。比較(bjio) have/has been to have/has gone to第17頁/共25頁第十七頁，共26頁

20、。He went to Shanghai last week. 他(曾經(jīng))到/去過上海 在他人生中曾經(jīng)有過這樣的經(jīng)歷,但他人現(xiàn)在肯定(kndng)不是在上海而是回來了他已經(jīng)去上海了 也許剛動身出發(fā),也許已經(jīng)到了,也許還在路上(l shng),反正他人不在這里上周他做了一件事:那就是(jish)去了上海He has been to Shanghai.He has gone to Shanghai.He has been in Shanghai for 10 years.他呆在上海迄今為止已經(jīng)10年了 現(xiàn)在還在上海沒有離開呢He lived in Shanghai for 10 years.以前他

21、在上海住過10年 現(xiàn)在不在上海了辨析這些句子由時態(tài)導致的含義上的差別第18頁/共25頁第十八頁，共26頁。練習1.I like Guilin. I _ there twice. A. go B. went C. have gone D. have been 此題中的twice（兩次）表示經(jīng)歷，要用現(xiàn)在完成時，因此選D。 2. Where”s Li Lei? He _ Beijing. A. goes to B. went to C. has gone to D. has been to 此題的語境是李雷不在說話的地方，因此要選 C。 3. He went to Toronto two year

22、s ago, so he _ Toronto for two tears. been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. has gone 題目有for two years這一個(y )段時間，而have been to 和have gone to都不能和段時間連用，因此選C has been in 。第19頁/共25頁第十九頁，共26頁。 現(xiàn)在完成(wn chng)時與一般過去時的比較 1）一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)(qing dio)動作； 現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)(qing dio)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)(qi

23、ng dio)的是影響。I saw this film yesterday.（強調(diào)(qing dio)看的動作發(fā)生過了。）I have seen this film. （強調(diào)(qing dio)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）第20頁/共25頁第二十頁，共26頁。2）一般過去時 常與具體的表示過去的時間狀語(zhungy)連用; 現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語(zhungy)連用，或無時間狀語(zhungy)。一般過去時的時間狀語: yesterday, last week，ago, in1990, in October, just now, - 具體(jt)的時間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀

24、語: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -模糊的時間狀語句子(j zi)中如有過去時的時間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時 （錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.第21頁/共25頁第二十一頁，

25、共26頁。3）現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 一般過去(guq)時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。 She joined the League three years ago. (加入的動作不是(b shi)延續(xù)的) She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago). (在團內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)) She h

26、as been a League member for three years (since three years ago).(是團員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))第22頁/共25頁第二十二頁，共26頁。家庭作業(yè)(ji tn zu y)一、選擇填空 ( )1.Jims been to the Great wall before ,_he?(A)isnt (B)wasnt (C)hasnt (D)doesnt( )2.Shes never been to England, _she?(A)has (B)hasnt (C)isnt (D)is( )2._has Hanmei been in the library.(A)How long (B)How soon (C)How far (D)How often( )3.How long _he_ the library book .(A)has, borrow (B)has ,kept (C)has, bought (D)did, buy( )4.Mr Green isnt in the office , He _to the library(A)has gone (B)went (C)has been (D)will go( )5.Mr smith _to Tokyo and he will be