英語現(xiàn)實主義文學(xué)

1、現(xiàn)實主義REALISM 漢語言1班 2組CATALOGREALISMBackgroundBeginningResourceDevelopmentMagnum opusintroducedcharacteristicCharacteristicArtisticOurthoughtsBACKGROUND Realism (Realism), is also called Realism, Generally it that in human cognition, our understanding and perception of objects are same as the actual e

2、xistence of objects which are independent of our hearts. Generally considered realistic pays more attention to reality and actual reject idealism. 現(xiàn)實主義（Realism），又稱“寫實主義”，認(rèn)為在人類的認(rèn)知中，我們對物體的理解與感知，與物體獨立于我們心靈之外的實際存在是一致的。一般認(rèn)為現(xiàn)實主義關(guān)心現(xiàn)實和實際而排斥理想主義。BEGINNING Realism is the literature ideological trend which too

3、k place in French and British. Then the trend of Realism speeded to places such as Russia, northern Europe and the United States. Finally it has become the mainstream in the 19th century European and American literature and contributed to the peak of the modern European and American literature. 現(xiàn)實主義

4、是19世紀(jì)30年代首先在西歐的法國、英國等地出現(xiàn)的文學(xué)思潮，以后波及俄國、北歐和美國等地，成為19世紀(jì)歐美文學(xué)的主流，也造就了近代歐美文學(xué)的高峰。 RESOURCE Realism Originated from the wests most ancient literary theory, which is the greeks that art is the direct retrieval of natural or imitation of nature. The criteria of success are that the works verisimilitude and the

5、 level of similarity. 最初源于西方最古老的文學(xué)理論，即古希臘人那種“藝術(shù)乃自然的直接復(fù)現(xiàn)或?qū)ψ匀坏哪７隆钡臉闼氐挠^念，作品的逼真性或與對象的酷似程度成為判斷作品成功與否的準(zhǔn)則。發(fā)展歷程發(fā)展歷程現(xiàn)實主義文學(xué)十九世紀(jì)法國司湯達(dá)紅與黑巴爾扎克人間喜劇英國查爾斯狄更斯大衛(wèi)科波菲爾俄國托爾斯泰戰(zhàn)爭與和平美國馬克吐溫 百萬英鎊二十世紀(jì)東歐米蘭昆德拉不能承受的生命之輕南歐北歐克努特哈姆生大地碩果拉丁美帕斯太陽石社會主義高爾基母親新主義維加諾安妮絲之死DEVELOPMENTRealistic literatureNineteen CenturyFranceBalzacThe humanc

6、omedyEnglishDickensTale of two citiesRussiaTolstoyWar and pieceAmericaMarkTwain MillionpoundTwenty CenturyEasternEuropeMilan KunderageSouthernEuropeNorthernEuropeKuntHamsunLatinAmericaPazSocialistGolgiMotherNewdoctrineVeganDeath ofAnnisMAGNUM OPUS 人間喜劇The Human Comedy 作者：巴爾扎克Balzac 國別：法國France 介紹：人間

7、喜劇，巴爾扎克著，一共有91部，包含了各式各樣的長、中、短篇小說和隨筆，總名為人間喜劇。人間喜劇展示了法國社會的整個面貌，其社會歷史內(nèi)容可以歸納為貴族衰亡、資產(chǎn)者發(fā)跡、金錢罪惡，被稱為三大主題。THE HUMAN COMEDY Introduced： The human comedy, Balzac, a total of 91 units, contains a variety of long, medium and short stories and essays, always called the human comedy. Human comedy shows the whole a

8、ppearance of the French society, its social and historical content can be summarized as noble decay, bourgeoiss fortune, money evil, is known as the three major themes.THE HUMAN COMEDY 特點： 1、高度的典型性，再現(xiàn)典型環(huán)境中的典型人物。 2、細(xì)節(jié)真實，突出人物性格，更具感染力。 3、強(qiáng)烈的現(xiàn)實性，立意高，視野闊，挖掘深。 Characteristic： 1、 A high degree of typical,

9、typical characters in the typical environment. 2、The details of the real, prominent character, more infectious. 3、Realistic, strong conception of high, wide view, deep mining.MAGNUM OPUS 大衛(wèi)科波菲爾David Copperfield 作者：查爾斯狄更斯Charles Dickens 國別：英國 English 介紹：大衛(wèi)科波菲爾是英國小說家查爾斯狄更斯的第八部長篇小說，被稱為他“心中最寵愛的孩子”，于一八四九

10、至一八五零年間，分二十個部分逐月發(fā)表。全書采用第一人稱敘事，融進(jìn)了作者本人的許多生活經(jīng)歷。小說講述了主人公大衛(wèi)從幼年至中年的生活歷程，以“我”的出生為源，將朋友的真誠與陰暗、愛情的幼稚與沖動、婚姻的甜美與瑣碎、家人的矛盾與和諧匯聚成一條溪流，在命運的河床上緩緩流淌，最終融入寬容壯美的大海。其間夾雜各色人物與機(jī)緣。語言詼諧風(fēng)趣，展示了19世紀(jì)中葉英國的廣闊畫面，反映了狄更斯希望人間充滿善良正義的理想。DAVID COPPERFIELD Introduced： David Copperfield is a British novelist, Charles Dickenss eighth nove

11、ls, called him the most beloved children in the heart, in between 1849 and 1849, twenty parts published every month. The book USES the first-person narrative, morph into many life experiences of the writer. Novel tells the story of the hero David from youth to middle age, life history, with I was bo

12、rn as the source, the friends sincerity and dark, and the love of childish and impulse, sweet marriage and trivial, family conflict and harmony together into a stream, flows slowly in the fate of the riverbed, eventually into the grandeur of the sea. Along with different people and chances. Witty hu

13、mor, shows the broad picture, the middle of the 19th century Britain reflects dickens hope that the world is full of kindness and justice ideal.DAVID COPPERFIELD 特點： 1、在藝術(shù)魅力上，現(xiàn)實的生活氣息和抒情的敘事風(fēng)格。 2、在環(huán)境描寫上，氣勢磅礴，生動逼真。 3、在語言上，詼諧幽默，夸張勾勒。 Characteristic: 1、In the artistic charm, the realistic life breath and

14、 the lyrical narrative style. 2、In describing the environment of great momentum, and vivid. 3、In language, humorous, exaggerated outline.MAGNUM OPUS 戰(zhàn)爭與和平 作者：列夫尼古拉耶維奇托爾斯泰 國別：俄國 介紹： 戰(zhàn)爭與和平是俄國作家列夫尼古拉耶維奇托爾斯泰的代表作之一。為了完成這部劃時代的巨著，托爾斯泰前后耗費十余年的光陰，并本書于1865年到1869年出版，講述歐洲拿破侖時期的俄國（今俄羅斯）所發(fā)生的事。戰(zhàn)爭與和平自從問世以來，一直被認(rèn)為是世界

15、上最偉大的小說之一。 故事以1812年俄國法國戰(zhàn)爭為中心，反映了1805年至1820年的重大事件，包括奧斯特利茨大戰(zhàn)、波羅底諾會戰(zhàn)、莫斯科大火、拿破侖潰退等。通過對四大家庭以及安德烈、皮埃爾、娜塔莎在戰(zhàn)爭與和平環(huán)境中的思想和行動的描寫，展示了當(dāng)時俄國社會的風(fēng)貌。在戰(zhàn)爭與和平中，人物就多達(dá)559個，每一個都是活生生的血肉之軀，各有其獨特的個性，且充滿了生命的悸動，人的歡樂、痛苦、各種內(nèi)心思緒在這幅畫里都應(yīng)有盡有。而書中史詩般的輝煌節(jié)奏與寬闊視界，也只有荷馬的作品可以相提并論。WAR AND PEACE Author: Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy Country: Russi

16、a Introduced: War and peace is one of the representative works of Russian writer Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy. In order to complete the epoch-making masterpiece, Tolstoy and spent more than ten years of time, and book in 1865 to 1869 published, the era of Napoleon in Europe about Russia (now Russia) thi

17、ngs. War and peace has been regarded as one of the greatest novels in the world since its advent. Story in 1812 the Russian war with France as the center, reflecting the major events of the 1805 and 1820, including Austerlitz war, Polo bottom battle of Connaught, the burning of Moscow, Napoleon retr

18、eats and so on. Through the four families, as well as Andre, Pierre, Natasha in the war and peace in the environment of the thinking and action of the description, showing the style of the Russian society at that time. In war and peace, figure up to 559, every are living flesh flesh, each with its o

19、wn unique personality and full of throbbing with life, the joy and pain, all the inner thoughts in this picture the have everything that one expects to find. But in the book the epic magnificent rhythm and the broad vision, also only Homers work can be compared.WAR AND PEACE 特點： 1、反應(yīng)現(xiàn)實，揭示矛盾，注重細(xì)節(jié)真實。

20、2、暴露黑暗，批判罪惡，宣揚(yáng)人道主義。 3、重視環(huán)境影響，塑造典型人物。 4、擴(kuò)大描寫范圍，發(fā)展藝術(shù)特色。 Characteristic: 1、 Reactive reality, revealing contradictions, pay attention to the details of the real. 2 、Expose the darkness, criticize the evil, and promote the humanitarian. 3 、Attention to environmental impact, to shape the typical characte

21、rs. 4 、To expand the scope of the description, the development of artistic characteristics.現(xiàn)實主義文學(xué)的特點 細(xì)節(jié)真實，有真實的細(xì)節(jié)描寫，用歷史的、具體的人生圖畫來反映社會生活。 形象典型，通過典型的方法，對現(xiàn)實的生活素材進(jìn)行選擇、提煉、概括，從而深刻地揭示生活的某些本質(zhì)特征。 方式客觀，通過對現(xiàn)實生活的客觀，具體的描寫，從作品的場面和情節(jié)中自然地體現(xiàn)出作者的思想傾向和愛憎感情，而不要作者自己或借人物之口特別地說出來。 去盡謊言，去盡政治謊言、道德謊言、商業(yè)謊言、維護(hù)權(quán)貴階級謊言等。 純文學(xué)化，排除文學(xué)

22、外的其他目的（包括政治、商業(yè)、道德及階級維護(hù)）。CHARACTERISTICS OF REALISTIC LITERATURE The details are true, there are real details of the description, with the history, the specific life picture to reflect the social life. Typical image, through the typical method of real life material selection, abstraction, generalizat

23、ion, thus revealing some essential features of life. Objectively, through to the real life objective, detailed description, from the scenes of the works and the plot naturally reflects the ideological tendencies and love and hatred, and not the authors own or borrow the characters especially to spea

24、k out. To try to lie, remove Political lie, Moral lies, Business lies, Maintenance of elite class lies etc. Pure literary, exclude other purposes (including political, commercial, moral and class maintenance).現(xiàn)實主義文學(xué)的藝術(shù)手法 一、注重對生活的觀察、體驗，力求使藝術(shù)描寫在外觀上、細(xì)節(jié)上符合實際生活的形態(tài)、面貌和邏輯。 二、注重典型化方法的運用，力求在藝術(shù)描寫中，通過細(xì)節(jié)的真實表現(xiàn)生活

25、的本質(zhì)，規(guī)律。 三、作家一般不在作品中直抒感情，作品的思想傾向較為隱蔽。 四、必須去盡政治謊言、道德謊言、商業(yè)謊言、愚民謊言等謊言。THE ARTISTIC TECHNIQUE OF REALISTIC LITERATURE 1、Focus on observations of life and experience, and strive to make artistic description in appearance, details consistent with the actual life form, appearance and logic. 2、Pay attention

26、to the application of the typical methods, and strive to describe in the art, through the details of the real life of the essence of life, the law. 3、The writer is generally not in the works to express feelings, thought tendency works more subtle. 4、Must remove Political lie, Moral lies, Business lies, Maintenance of elite class lies etc.OUR VIEW OF REALISTIC LITERATURE 1.我們立足于現(xiàn)實，就必須要用現(xiàn)實的思想去考慮問題，用現(xiàn)實的語言去表達(dá)。 2.隨著社會的發(fā)展，現(xiàn)實主義文學(xué)也隨之不斷發(fā)展，變得更加多元化。 3.隨著社會的變遷，人們思想的逐漸成熟，現(xiàn)