情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法歸納5頁(yè)

1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法歸納情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化；不能單獨(dú)使用，必須與其后的動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)一、 can, could1) 表示能力（體力、知識(shí)、技能）。Can you lift this heavy box?（體力）Mary can speak three languages.（知識(shí)）Can you skate?（技能）此時(shí)可用be able to代替。Can只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

2、和一般過(guò)去式；而be able to則有更多的時(shí)態(tài)。Ill not be able to come this afternoon.當(dāng)表示“經(jīng)過(guò)努力才得以做成功某事”時(shí)應(yīng)用be able to，不能用Can。如：He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.2) 表示請(qǐng)求和允許。-Can I go now?- Yes, you can. / No, you cant.此時(shí)可與may互換。在疑問(wèn)句中還可用could,might代替，不是過(guò)去式，只是語(yǔ)氣更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答語(yǔ)中。- Cou

3、ld I come to see you tomorrow?- Yes, you can. ( No, Im afraid not. )3) 表示客觀可能性（客觀原因形成的能力）。Theyve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.This hall can hold 500 people at least.4) 表示推測(cè)（驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度），用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和感嘆句中。Can this be true?This cant be done by him.How can this be true?二、 may, might

4、1) 表示請(qǐng)求和允許。might比 may語(yǔ)氣更委婉，而不是過(guò)去式。否定回答時(shí)可用cant或mustnt，表示“不可以，禁止”。-Might/ May I smoke in this room?- No, you mustnt.- May/Might I take this book out of the room?- Yes, you can. (No, you cant / mustnt. )用May I.？征徇對(duì)方許可時(shí)比較正式和客氣，而用Can I.？在口語(yǔ)中更常見(jiàn)。2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May you succeed!3) 表示推測(cè)、可能性（不用于疑問(wèn)句）。might不是過(guò)去式，

5、它所表示的可能性比may小。1He may /might be very busy now.2Your mother may /might not know the truth.三、 must, have to1) 表示必須、必要。You must come in time.在回答引出的問(wèn)句時(shí)，如果是否定的，不能用mustnt（禁止，不準(zhǔn)），而用neednt, dont have to（不必）.- Must we hand in our exercise books today?- Yes, you must.- No, you dont have to / you neednt.2) mus

6、t是說(shuō)話人的主觀看法， 而have to則強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。Must只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)， have to 有更多的時(shí)態(tài)形式。1 he play isnt interesting, I really must go now.2 I had to work when I was your age.3) 表示推測(cè)、可能性（只用于肯定的陳述句）1 Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best.2 Your mother must be waiting for you now.四、 dare, need1) dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí), 常用

7、于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件從句中, 過(guò)去式形式為dared。1 How dare you say Im unfair?2 He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?3 If we dared not go there that day， we couldnt get the beautiful flowers.2) need 作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí), 常用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。1You neednt come so early.2. - Need I finish

8、 the work today?- Yes, you must. / No, you neednt.3) dare和 need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用時(shí)， 有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接帶to的不定式。在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中，dare后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。而need后面只能接帶to的不定式。1. I dare to swim across this river.2. He doesnt dare (to) answer.3. He needs to finish his homework today.五、 shall, should1) shall 用于第一人稱，征求對(duì)方的意

9、見(jiàn)。What shall we do this evening?2) shall 用于第二、三人稱，表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。1. You shall fail if you dont work hard.(警告)2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允諾)3. He shall be punished.(威脅)六、 will, would1) 表示請(qǐng)求、建議等，would更委婉。Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?2) 表示意志、愿望和決心。1. I will never do

10、that again.2. They asked him if he would go abroad.3) would表示過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向。would表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣時(shí)比used to正式，且沒(méi)有“現(xiàn)已無(wú)此習(xí)慣”的含義。1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.2. The wound would not heal.4) 表示估計(jì)和猜想。It would be about ten oclock when she left home.七、 should, ought to1) should, ought to表示“

11、應(yīng)該”，ought to表示義務(wù)或責(zé)任，比should語(yǔ)氣重。1. I should help her because she is in trouble.2. You ought to take care of the baby.2) 表示勸告、建議和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑問(wèn)句中常用should。1. You should / ought to go to class right away.2. Should I open the window?3) 表示推測(cè)should , ought to (客觀推測(cè)), must(主觀推測(cè))。1.He must be ho

12、me by now. (斷定他已到家)2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽)4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)從高考題看情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法 最近幾年高考試題中常常借助語(yǔ)境來(lái)考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法及其區(qū)別，因此在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)準(zhǔn)確理解和掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法十分重要。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法復(fù)雜多變，在高考試題中，命題者常常利用語(yǔ)境和句子之間意義上的細(xì)微差別來(lái)考查學(xué)生對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的理解和掌握。對(duì)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，除了要求考生能夠準(zhǔn)確掌握它們的

13、基本用法外，還要充分利用高考試題所設(shè)置的語(yǔ)境來(lái)分析句子之間所體現(xiàn)的特殊關(guān)系。下面就近幾年來(lái)高考試題中出現(xiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行歸納分析，以便同學(xué)們復(fù)習(xí)掌握。一、用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done”結(jié)構(gòu)表示對(duì)過(guò)去動(dòng)作的推測(cè)，高考試題中常用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)或過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)給以暗示。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的這一用法可以用 “對(duì)立統(tǒng)一”來(lái)概括。1當(dāng)試題的前句和后句在動(dòng)作和意義上相互補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，且整個(gè)句意在動(dòng)作和時(shí)間上是一個(gè)整體時(shí)，我們可用“統(tǒng)一”關(guān)系來(lái)解決這樣的試題。常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)有：must have done： 表示對(duì)過(guò)去動(dòng)作的肯定推測(cè)，常譯作“一定做了”，只能用于肯定句中。其否定形式為cantcouldnt have done

14、疑問(wèn)式為CanCould.have done？。could might have done：表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的可能性推測(cè)，常譯作“可能做了”。如：1) Sorry Im late I have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again (北京 2000春)A might B should C can D will該題前句說(shuō)明了結(jié)果，后句接著說(shuō)出了產(chǎn)生這種結(jié)果的可能性，對(duì)前句進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。分析選項(xiàng)可知本題應(yīng)選A。2) My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afte

15、rnoon, so he your lecture (上海 2000)A couldnt have attendedB neednt have attendedC mustnt have attendedD shouldnt have attended該題前句敘說(shuō)一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，后句對(duì)前句進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，分析選項(xiàng)可知C是錯(cuò)誤的 而B(niǎo)、D兩項(xiàng)不符合題意。故本題選A。又如：Jack yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me (上海97)A mustnt have arrivedB shouldnt have arrivedC cant have arrive

16、dD need not have arrived （C）2當(dāng)試題的前后句在動(dòng)作和意義上構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系時(shí)，常借助“but, however, instead”等詞來(lái)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作與客觀事實(shí)不符，這時(shí)我們就可以用“對(duì)立”關(guān)系來(lái)解決這樣的試題。這種結(jié)構(gòu)常見(jiàn)的有：should have done ought to have done：表示過(guò)去本應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有做。should not have done ought not to have done：表示過(guò)去本不應(yīng)該做某事但事實(shí)上卻做了。need have done：表示過(guò)去本來(lái)有必要去做某事，但事實(shí)上沒(méi)有做。need not have done：

17、表示過(guò)去本來(lái)沒(méi)有必要做某事，但事實(shí)上卻做了。如：3) I was really anxious about you You home without a word (NMET2001)A mustnt leave B shouldnt have leftC couldnt have left D neednt leave分析該題前后句之間的關(guān)系和語(yǔ)氣可知，事實(shí)上是 “本不應(yīng)該離家出走卻走了”，故本題選B。4) I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I for her (NMET94)A had to write it outB must have

18、written it outC should have written it outD ought to write it out由句中的連詞but可知前后句之間是對(duì)立關(guān)系，分析題意可知本題應(yīng)選C。二、考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞基本用法之間的比較和辨析。最近幾年高考試題中常借助具體的語(yǔ)境來(lái)考查考生對(duì)那些最常見(jiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法的理解和掌握，因此在做這樣的試題時(shí)應(yīng)認(rèn)真分析語(yǔ)境中所含的實(shí)際意義，并結(jié)合情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本含義和用法做出正確的選擇。6) I hear youve got a set of valuable Australian coins _ I have look?Yes, certainly (北

19、京2002春)A Do B May C Shall D Should分析語(yǔ)境可知這是在征求對(duì)方的許可，may表示“允許、可以”，語(yǔ)氣比較委婉 shall常用于第一、三人稱作主語(yǔ)的疑問(wèn)句中,表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)和指示，如果此空用shall，則意為“要（我）看一下嗎？”，不符合上下文意思。故本題選B。7) Mr Bush is on time for everything How it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？ (上海2001春)A can B should C may D mustmust be 表示肯定的猜測(cè)，只能用于肯定句中，由題

20、意可知本題應(yīng)選A。8) Are you coming to Jeffs party?Im not sure I go to the concert instead (NMET2000)A must B would C should D might由題意和下句中的 “Im not sure” 可知這段對(duì)話中存在一種可能性推測(cè)，might可以用來(lái)表示一種比較委婉的可能性判斷，故本題選D。9) Johnny, you play with the knife, you hurt yourself (NMET96)A wont; cant B mustnt; mayC shouldnt; must D cant; shouldntmustnt 表示“不可以；禁止”，分析題意可知第二個(gè)空表示某種可能性，故本題選B。10) Will you stay for lunch？Sorr