生產(chǎn)培訓(xùn)知識(shí)教材

1、培訓(xùn)教材文件編號(hào)DOCUMENT NO：發(fā)行版本VERSION：頁(yè)數(shù)PAGINATION:69APPROVALREVIEW/CHECKDRAFTINGISSUE DATE核準(zhǔn)審核擬制發(fā)行日期培訓(xùn)教材目錄第一章基礎(chǔ)培訓(xùn)教材第一節(jié)常用術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋（一）·························· 11組裝圖··

2、3;··························12軸向引線元件······················&#

3、183;····13單端引線元件···························14印刷電路板················

4、;············15成品電路板····························16單面板········

5、;······················17雙面板···························

6、···18層板·······························29焊盤··············

7、3;···············210元件面·····························211焊接面···

8、3;·························212元件符號(hào)·······················

9、83;····213母板······························214金屬化孔（ PTH） ············&#

10、183;············215連接孔·····························216極性元件······&

11、#183;·····················217極性標(biāo)志 ···························

12、;··218導(dǎo)體······························219絕緣體················

13、·············220半導(dǎo)體·····························321雙面直插 ·····

14、3;·······················322套管··························

15、;····323阻腳 ·······························324管腳打彎············

16、3;···············325預(yù)面型 ······························3第一節(jié)常用術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋（二）·&#

17、183;··························41空焊······················

18、3;········42假焊·······························43冷焊·········&#

19、183;·····················44橋接···························

20、3;···45錯(cuò)件·······························46缺件··············&#

21、183;················47極性反向·····························48零件倒置··&#

22、183;··························49零件偏位······················&#

23、183;······410錫墊損傷 ·····························411污染不潔 ···········

24、3;·················412爆板 ······························413包焊·

25、;·····························414錫球 ····················

26、;···········415異物 ·······························416污染······

27、························417蹺皮·························&

28、#183;····418 板彎變形 · ·····························419撞角、板傷············&

29、#183;···············420爆板 ·······························421跪腳·&#

30、183;····························422浮高 ····················&#

31、183;··········423刮傷······························424 PCB板異物· ·····

32、3;·····················425修補(bǔ)不良···························

33、83;426實(shí)體······························527過程··················

34、;············528程序······························529檢驗(yàn)······&

35、#183;·······················530合格·························&#

36、183;····531不合格······························532缺陷·············

37、83;················533質(zhì)量要求····························534自檢···

38、83;··························535服務(wù) ······················

39、83;········5第二節(jié)電子元件基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)·····························6（一）阻器和電容器·········

40、;·····················61種類····························&

41、#183;··62電阻的單位····························63功率·················&#

42、183;·············64誤差·······························65電阻的標(biāo)識(shí)方法···&

43、#183;·····················6-86功率電阻···························

44、;··87電阻網(wǎng)絡(luò)····························8-98電位器·················

45、3;············99熱敏電阻器····························910可變電阻器·······&

46、#183;····················9（二）電容器 ····························

47、;····101概念和作用···························102電路符號(hào)················&#

48、183;···········103類型······························104電容量······

49、83;······················105直流工作電壓··························

50、106電容器上的工程編碼·······················107習(xí)題························&

51、#183;····11-12二、變壓器（ Transformer）和電感器（ Inductor ） ·················13（一）變壓器····················

52、·········13（二）電感器·····························13三、二極管 (diodc)········&

53、#183;······················141穩(wěn)壓二極管··························

54、;··142發(fā)光二極管 (LED)··························14四、三極管 (triode)·················

55、;··············151習(xí)題·································16五、晶體（ crys

56、tal） ·······························17六、晶振（振蕩器）················&#

57、183;··············17七、集成電路（ IC ） ·······························17八、穩(wěn)壓器

58、83;··································18九、 IC 插座（ Socket ） ············

59、··················18十、其它各種元件······························&#

60、183;·191開關(guān) (Rwitch)·····························192繼電器 (Relayo)··············

61、83;·············203連接器 (Connector)··························204混合電 (mixed circuit)····

62、;····················205延遲器 ····························

63、3;···206篇程連接器 ······························207保險(xiǎn)絲 (fuse)·············

64、················208光學(xué)顯示器 (optic monitor)······················209信號(hào)燈 (signal lamp)····

65、3;····················20十一、靜電防護(hù)知識(shí)····························

66、;····201手帶·······························212腳帶·············&

67、#183;·················213工作臺(tái)表層材料··························214導(dǎo)電地板膠和導(dǎo)電臘··

68、83;·····················215導(dǎo)電框 ···························&#

69、183;··216防靜電袋·····························227空氣電離器················

70、;············228抗靜電鏈·····························22十二、儲(chǔ)蓄過程 ······

71、····························23十三、元件符號(hào)歸類····················&

72、#183;···········23一、 公司產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)工藝流程·························24二、 插件技術(shù)·········&

73、#183;·····················241 電阻的安裝 · ·························&#

74、183;··242 電容的插裝 · ···························25-263 二極管的插裝 · ··············

75、·············274 三極管的安裝 · ···························275 晶體的安裝 · ····&

76、#183;·······················276 振蕩器的安裝 · ·······················&

77、#183;···277 IC 的安裝·····························278 電感器的發(fā)裝 · ············

78、83;··············279 變壓器的安裝 · ···························27三、 補(bǔ)焊技術(shù)····

79、···························28四、 測(cè)試技術(shù)·····················

80、83;········28-29第二章品質(zhì)管制的演進(jìn)史 ······························30第一節(jié)、品質(zhì)管制演進(jìn)史······

81、83;····················30一、 品質(zhì)管制的進(jìn)化史···························&#

82、183;30第二節(jié)、品管教育之實(shí)施·······························31一、 品質(zhì)意識(shí)的灌輸··············&

83、#183;··············31二、品管方法的訓(xùn)練及導(dǎo)入··························32三、全員參與，全員改善····

84、3;······················33第三節(jié) 品管應(yīng)用手法·························

85、3;····34一、層別法 ·································34二、柏拉圖法··········

86、·····················35/36三、特性要因圖法···························

87、;···37（一）特性要因圖使用步驟·························37（二）特性要因圖與柏拉圖之使用················

88、3;·····38（三）特性要因圖再分析··························38四、散布圖法···············&

89、#183;················39五、直方圖法································

90、;40六、管制圖法································41（一）管制圖的實(shí)施循環(huán)··············&#

91、183;···········41（二）管制圖分類 ·····························421 計(jì)量值管制圖 · ····

92、83;······················422 計(jì)數(shù)值管制圖 · ························

93、83;··42（三） X R管制圖 · ·····························43七、查核表（ Check Sheet ） ···········&#

94、183;·············44/45第四節(jié) 品管抽樣檢驗(yàn)····························46（一）抽樣檢驗(yàn)的由來(lái)····

95、;·······················46（二）抽樣檢驗(yàn)的定義·························

96、;··46（三）用語(yǔ)說明······························461 交貨者及檢驗(yàn)收者··············&#

97、183;···········462 檢驗(yàn)群體······························463 樣本 ······

98、;··························464 合格判定個(gè)數(shù)······················&

99、#183;·····465 合格判定值·····························466 缺點(diǎn) ············

100、83;···················467 不良品 ·····························&

101、#183;·47四、抽樣檢驗(yàn)的型態(tài)分類···························471規(guī)準(zhǔn)型抽樣檢驗(yàn)·················&#

102、183;··········472選別型抽樣檢驗(yàn)····························473調(diào)整型的抽樣檢驗(yàn)········

103、;···················474連續(xù)生產(chǎn)型抽樣檢驗(yàn)··························47五、 抽樣檢驗(yàn)與全數(shù)檢驗(yàn)之采用

104、·······················481 檢驗(yàn)的場(chǎng)合 · ························&

105、#183;···482 適應(yīng)全數(shù)檢驗(yàn)的場(chǎng)合· ························48六、 抽樣檢驗(yàn)的優(yōu)劣·················

106、;···········481 優(yōu)點(diǎn) · ·······························482 缺點(diǎn) · ···&

107、#183;···························48七、 規(guī)準(zhǔn)型抽樣檢驗(yàn)····················&

108、#183;·······481 允收水準(zhǔn)（ Acceptable Quality Level） ················482 AQL型抽樣檢驗(yàn) ··················

109、·········49八、 MIL-STD-105E抽樣步驟·······················49/50九、 抽取樣本的方法············

110、················50第三章 5S 活動(dòng)與 ISO9000知識(shí)第一節(jié) 5S活動(dòng) ·····························

111、;···51一、 5S 活動(dòng)的興起 · ······························51二、定義 ············&

112、#183;······················51三、整理整頓與5S 活動(dòng)·························

113、;··52/53四、推行5S 活動(dòng)的心得····························54五、 5S 活動(dòng)的作用 · ·············

114、83;················54第二節(jié) ISO9000基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) ···························55一、前言··

115、83;·······························55二、 ISO9000： 94 版標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的構(gòu)成 · ·············&#

116、183;··········55三、重要的術(shù)語(yǔ)·······························5556四、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)質(zhì)量管理·····

117、;·························561目標(biāo)························

118、·········562精髓·································563任務(wù)······&#

119、183;··························564要求······················

120、83;·········57ISO9001： 2000 版 · ································581 范圍 ···&

121、#183;······························582參考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)··················

122、·············583名詞與定義 ··································584品質(zhì)管理系統(tǒng)

123、································58/69XXXX科技（深圳）有限公司培訓(xùn)教材文件編碼 :XX-3-SOP-P-020 版 本： A.0頁(yè) 數(shù)：1 OF 69標(biāo)第一章基礎(chǔ)培訓(xùn)教材修訂日期：題第一節(jié)常用術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋 ( 一)第一節(jié)常用術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋（一）1.

124、組裝圖 是一種工藝文件，圖上有一些元件的目錄，告訴我們每一程序中所需的元件及元件所插的位置。2. 軸向引線元件 是一種只有兩個(gè)管腳的元件，管腳在元件的兩端反向伸出。3. 單端引線元件 元件的管腳在元件主體的同一端伸出。4. 印刷電路板（ PCB）還沒有插元件的電路板。5. 成品電路板（ PCP）已經(jīng)插好元件的印刷電路板。6. 單面板 電路板上只有一面用金屬處理。7. 雙面板 上、下兩面都有線路的電路板。文件編碼 : XX-3-SOP-P-020XXXX科技（深圳）有限公司版本： A.0培訓(xùn)教材頁(yè)數(shù)：2 OF 69標(biāo)第一章基礎(chǔ)培訓(xùn)教材制訂日期：題第一節(jié)常用術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋（一）8. 層板 除上、下兩面都

125、有線路外，在電路板內(nèi)層也有線路的電路板。9. 焊盤 PCB表面處理加寬局部引線，無(wú)絕緣漆覆蓋的部分面積，用來(lái)連接元件、明線等等?？梢园ㄔ苣_洞。10. 元件面 即是電路板上插元件的一面。11. 焊接面 電路板中元件面的反面，有許多焊盤提供焊接用。12. 元件符號(hào) 每種元件，比如說電阻和電容，都有一個(gè)元件符號(hào)，這些符號(hào)通常被標(biāo)在電路板的元件面上。不同種類的元件用不同的字母識(shí)別，在同種類的元件中，用不同的數(shù)字從所有其它項(xiàng)目中識(shí)別出來(lái)。例：電容的元件符號(hào)為 C，一塊電路板上有 7 個(gè)電容，可分別表示為 C4、C5、C10、C15、C16、C39、C40。13. 母板 插著子板的電路板是母板。子板

126、常插入母板的插座中。14. 金屬化孔（ PTH）金屬管穿過電路板孔洞的表面，連接雙面板上的兩面電路，在多層板中還起到連接內(nèi)部電路的作用。15. 連接孔 那些一般不用來(lái)插元件和布明線的金屬化孔。16. 極性元件 有些元件，插入電路板時(shí)必需定向，否則元件就有可能在測(cè)試時(shí)被融化或發(fā)生爆炸。17. 極性標(biāo)志 在印刷電路板上，極性元件的位置印有極性符號(hào)，以方便正確插入元件。18. 導(dǎo)體 是指具有良好導(dǎo)電能力的物體。如：大部分金屬材料。人也是導(dǎo)體。19. 絕緣體 指導(dǎo)電性能差的物體，通俗一點(diǎn)的說法就是不導(dǎo)電的物體。例如：塑料、竹子、木頭等。文件編碼： XX-3-SOP-P-020XXXX科技（深圳）有限公

127、司版本：A .0培訓(xùn)教材頁(yè)數(shù)：3 OF 69標(biāo)第一章基礎(chǔ)培訓(xùn)教材制訂日期：題第一節(jié)常用術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋（一）20 半導(dǎo)體 導(dǎo)電能力介于導(dǎo)體和絕緣體之間的物體。21 雙列直插（ DIP）在元件主體兩邊有兩列均勻排列的管腳垂直向下。如：插裝IC22 套管 絕緣管套在管腳上，防止管腳靠著其它的元件管腳、金屬線或電路。套管23 阻抗 使電流流動(dòng)緩慢。24 管腳打彎 當(dāng)元件的管腳插入電路板的洞時(shí)，管腳應(yīng)靠著洞邊打彎，所打彎的管腳與垂直方向的夾角大于 450，這樣可預(yù)防元件在焊接時(shí)掉下來(lái)。25 預(yù)面型 為了預(yù)防元件主體和板之間的接觸，可在元件沒有插入電路板之前對(duì)元件管腳預(yù)先整型，經(jīng)過預(yù)先整型的管腳插入板時(shí)有“劈啪

128、”聲，管腳不需要再打彎。文件編碼： XX-3-SOP-P-020XXXX科技（深圳）有限公司版本：培訓(xùn)教材頁(yè)數(shù)：4 OF 69標(biāo)第一章基礎(chǔ)培訓(xùn)教材制訂日期：題第一節(jié)常用術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋（二）1空焊 零件腳或引線腳與錫墊間沒有錫或其它因素造成沒有接合。2假焊 假焊之現(xiàn)象與空焊類似，但其錫墊之錫量太少，低于接合面標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。3冷焊 錫或錫膏在回風(fēng)爐氣化后，在錫墊上仍有模糊的粒狀附著物。4橋接 有腳零件在腳與腳之間被多余之焊錫所聯(lián)接短路，另一種現(xiàn)象則因檢驗(yàn)人員使用鑷子、竹簽 等操作不當(dāng)而導(dǎo)致腳與腳碰觸短路，亦或刮CHIPS腳造成殘余錫渣使腳與腳短路。5錯(cuò)件 零件放置之規(guī)格或種類與作業(yè)規(guī)定或BOM、 ECN不符者，

129、即為錯(cuò)件。6缺件 應(yīng)放置零件之位址，因不正常之緣故而產(chǎn)生空缺。7極性反向 極性方位正確性與加工工程樣品裝配不一樣，即為極性錯(cuò)誤。8零件倒置 SMT之零件不得倒置，另CR因底部全白無(wú)規(guī)格標(biāo)示，雖無(wú)極性也不可傾倒放置。9零件偏位 SMT所有之零件表面接著焊接點(diǎn)與PAD位偏移不可超過 1/2 面積。10錫墊損傷 錫墊（ PAD）在正常制程中，經(jīng)過回風(fēng)爐氣化熔接時(shí)，不能損傷錫墊，一般錫墊損傷之原因，為修補(bǔ)時(shí)使用烙鐵不當(dāng)導(dǎo)致錫墊被破壞，輕者可修復(fù)正常出貨，嚴(yán)重者列入次級(jí)品判定，亦或移植報(bào)廢。11 污染不潔 SMT加工作業(yè)不良，造成板面不潔或CHIPS腳與腳之間附有異物，或CHIPS修補(bǔ)不良、有點(diǎn)膠、防焊

130、點(diǎn)沾漆均視為不合格品。但修補(bǔ)品可視情形列入次級(jí)品判定。12 SMT爆板 PC 板在經(jīng)過回風(fēng)爐高溫時(shí)，因板子本身材質(zhì)不良或回風(fēng)爐之溫度異常，造成板子離層起泡或白斑現(xiàn)象屬不良品。13 包焊 焊點(diǎn)焊錫過多，看不到零件腳或其輪廓者。14 錫球、錫渣 PCB板表面附著多余的焊錫球、錫渣，一律拒收。15 異物 殘腳、鐵屑、釘書針等粘附板面上或卡在零件腳間，一律拒收。16 污染 嚴(yán)重之不潔，如零件焊錫污染氧化，板面殘余松香未清除，清洗不注意使 CHIPS污染氧化及清洗不潔（例如 SLOT槽不潔， SIMM不潔，板面 CHIP或 SLOT旁不潔， SLOT內(nèi)側(cè)上附有許多微小錫粒， PC板表面水紋 等）現(xiàn)象，則

131、不予允收。17蹺皮 與零件腳相關(guān)之接墊不得有超過10%以上之裂隙， 無(wú)關(guān)之接墊與銅箔線路不得有超過25%以上之裂隙。18 板彎變形 板子彎曲變形超過板子對(duì)角長(zhǎng)度0.5%以上者，則判定拒收。29撞角、板傷 不正常緣故產(chǎn)生之板子損傷，若修復(fù)良好可以合格品允收，否則列入次級(jí)品判定。20 DIP 爆板 PC板在經(jīng)過 DIP 高溫時(shí)，因 PC板本身材質(zhì)不良或錫爐焊點(diǎn)溫度過高，造成 PC板離層起泡或白斑現(xiàn)象則屬不良品。21 跪腳 CACHE RAM、K/B B10S 等零件 PIN 打折形成跪腳。22浮件 零件依規(guī)定須插到底 （平貼）或定位孔，浮件判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為SLOT、SIMM浮高不得超過 0.5mm，傳統(tǒng)

132、零件以不超過1.59mm為宜。23 刮傷 注意 PC板堆積防護(hù)不當(dāng)或重工防護(hù)不當(dāng)產(chǎn)生刮傷問題。24 PC板異色 因回流焊造成板子顏色變暗或因烘烤不當(dāng)變黃、變黑均不予以允收。但視情形可列入次級(jí)品判定允收。25 修補(bǔ)不良 修補(bǔ)線路未平貼基板或修補(bǔ)線路未作防焊處理，亦或有焊點(diǎn)殘余松香未清理者。文件編碼： XX-3-SOP-P-020XXXX科技（深圳）有限公司版本： A.0培 訓(xùn) 教材數(shù)：5 OF 69頁(yè)標(biāo)第一章基礎(chǔ)培訓(xùn)教材制訂日期：題第一節(jié)常用術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋 （二）26實(shí)體 可單獨(dú)描述和研究的事物，如：活動(dòng)或過程、產(chǎn)品、組織、體系和人，上述各項(xiàng)的任何組合。27過程 將輸入轉(zhuǎn)化為輸出的一組彼此相關(guān)的資源和

133、活動(dòng)。（資源：可包括人員、資金、設(shè)備、設(shè)施、技術(shù)和方法。）28程序 為進(jìn)行某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)所規(guī)定的途徑。·在許多情況下，程序可形成文件，或者可為程序書。（如：質(zhì)量體系程序）·程序形成文件時(shí)，通常稱之為“書面程序”或“文件化程序”。·書面或文件化程序中通常包括活動(dòng)的目的和范圍。即：5W2H29檢驗(yàn) 對(duì)實(shí)體的一個(gè)或多個(gè)特性進(jìn)行諸如測(cè)量、檢查、試驗(yàn)或度量，將結(jié)果規(guī)定要求進(jìn)行比較，以確定各項(xiàng)特性合格情況，所進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)單的是：檢查、驗(yàn)證。30合格 滿足規(guī)定的要求。31不合格 沒有滿足規(guī)定的要求。32缺陷 沒有滿足某個(gè)預(yù)期的使用要求或合理的期望。33質(zhì)量要求 對(duì)需要表述或需要轉(zhuǎn)化為

134、一組針對(duì)實(shí)體特性的定量或定性的規(guī)定要求，以使其實(shí)現(xiàn)并進(jìn)行考核。·質(zhì)量要求應(yīng)全面反映顧客明確和隱含的需要。·“要求”包括市場(chǎng)，合同和組織內(nèi)部的要求。34自檢 由工作的完成者依據(jù)規(guī)定的規(guī)則對(duì)該工作進(jìn)行的檢驗(yàn)。35服務(wù) 為滿足顧客的需要，供方和顧客之間接觸的活動(dòng)以及供方內(nèi)部活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。文件編碼： XX-3-SOP-P-020XXXX科技（深圳）有限公司培 訓(xùn) 教材版本： A.0頁(yè)數(shù)：6 OF 69標(biāo)第一章 基礎(chǔ)培訓(xùn)教材制訂日期：題第二節(jié)電子元件基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)第二節(jié) 電子元件基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)一、電阻器（ Resistor ）和電容器（ Capacitor ）電阻器和電容器簡(jiǎn)稱為阻容元件，在各類電子元器件中，它們是生產(chǎn)量最大，使用范