高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)之It的用法總結(jié)(共3頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)之It 的用法總結(jié)1It is + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that . 該句型是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。將被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)。強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)如果是人，that可以由who換用。如果把這種句型結(jié)構(gòu)劃掉后，應(yīng)該是一個(gè)完整無(wú)缺的句子。這也是判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與其它從句的方法。 It was they that (who) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father. 2It was not until + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 +

2、 that .該句型也是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。主要用于強(qiáng)凋時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，譯成漢語(yǔ)直到才，可以說(shuō)是 not . until . 的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.= Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.= I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off h

3、er dark glasses. 3It is clear ( obvious, true, possible,certain.) that .該句型中it 是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，常譯為清楚（顯然，真的，肯定）是主語(yǔ)從句最常見的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. = That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear.4. It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural.) tha

4、t .由于主句中的形容詞不同，that 后的從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should + 動(dòng)詞原形），should 可以省去。It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 5. It is said (reported, learned.) that .該句型中的it 仍是形式主語(yǔ)，真正主語(yǔ)是that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。該結(jié)構(gòu)常譯為據(jù)說(shuō)（據(jù)報(bào)道，據(jù)悉）。 It is said that he has come to Beijing. 6

5、. It is suggested ( ordered . ) that .主句中的過(guò)去分詞是表示請(qǐng)求，建議，命令等詞時(shí)，that后的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should + 動(dòng)詞原形），should 可以省。常譯為據(jù)建議；有命令 It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours. 7. It is a pity ( a shame . ) that .該句型中，that后的從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should + 動(dòng)詞原形

6、），should可省去表示出乎意料，常譯為竟然。沒有這種意義時(shí)，則不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. It is a pity that he is ill. 8. It is time ( about time ,high time ) that .該句型中that 后的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，值得注意的是 常用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)表示虛擬 有時(shí)也用should + 動(dòng)詞原形，should 不能省。常譯為是（正是）的時(shí)侯。 It is time that children should go to b

7、ed. = It is time that children went to bed. 9. It is the first ( second . ) time that .該句型中的 that 從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而用完成時(shí)態(tài)。至于用什么完成時(shí)態(tài)，由主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)決定。如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，后面從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)；如果是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，后面從句則用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。該結(jié)構(gòu)中 that 可以省去；it有時(shí)用 this / that 替換常譯為這是某人第幾次做某事了。 It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I ha

8、ve been here. 10 It is the +形容詞最高級(jí)+ 名詞 + that + .該句型中的 that 從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而用完成時(shí)態(tài)。至于用什么完成時(shí)態(tài)，由主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)決定。如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，后面從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)；如果是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，后面從句則用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。該結(jié)構(gòu)中 that 可以省去；it有時(shí)用 this / that 替換常譯為這是某人做過(guò)的最的事情。This is the best film that I have ever seen . That was the worst song that he had heard . 11. It is . since

9、 .該句型主要用作處理瞬間動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)，又要和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用的問(wèn)題。主句中是時(shí)間作表語(yǔ)，其時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或完成時(shí)，since 引導(dǎo)的從句通常是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，而且是瞬間動(dòng)詞。如果主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句則用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died. 12. It is . when .該句型中的 when 引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句中的 it 指時(shí)間，表語(yǔ)由具體的時(shí)間充當(dāng)。常譯為當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候，是。 It was 5 oclock when he came here. 比較： There was a time when

10、+ 定語(yǔ)從句 （曾經(jīng)一度.； 有一個(gè)時(shí)期）There was a time when Iraq was one of the strongest countries in the world . There was a time when I was disappointed and wanted to leave here . 13. It be . before .該句型主句中的 it 指時(shí)間, 主句中的時(shí)態(tài)常是將來(lái)一般時(shí)或過(guò)去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài)主句中的表語(yǔ)多是long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等表示時(shí)間段的詞或短語(yǔ)。常譯為之后。 It was 3 days be

11、fore he went to Beijing. It will be not long before he finishes his job. 14. It happens (seems, looks, appears ) that.該句型中it是形式主語(yǔ)，that 引導(dǎo)的是主語(yǔ)從句，主句中的happen , seem等詞是不及物動(dòng)詞 It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧 It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看來(lái) 15. It looks

12、 ( seems ) as if .該句型中it無(wú)意義。 as if 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。常譯為，看起來(lái)好象如果與事實(shí)不相符合，則用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 It looks as if he is ill. It looks as if he were ill. It seemed as if he were dying. 16. It takes/costs sb. . to do sth.該句型中的不定式是真正的主語(yǔ)，it是形式主語(yǔ)，句型中的直接賓語(yǔ)是時(shí)間。常譯為做要花費(fèi)某人。 It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.

13、注意： 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)都是不定式時(shí)，不能用it 作形式主語(yǔ)代替動(dòng)詞不定式。To see is to believe . To respect others is to be respected . 17. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth.該句型中的不定式短語(yǔ)是真正主語(yǔ)，如果不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是由 of引起，主句中的形容詞必須是能表示邏輯主語(yǔ)特征的形容詞。常見的有： bad , brave , careless, clever , cruel , foolish , good （好心的）, honest , horrible , kind , lazy , modes

14、t , naughty , nice（有教養(yǎng)的）, polite, rude , silly , stupid , wise , wrong（錯(cuò)誤的）等。 這個(gè)句型可以改寫為：sb. is kind to do sth. It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so. 18. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth.如果不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是由for引起，主句中的形容詞通常是表示重要性，緊迫性，頻繁程度，難易，安全等情況的形容詞。常見的形容詞有： important, necessary, natur

15、al easy , safe , common , normal , hard , difficult , dangerous , unusual, rare , impossible , pleasant等。 在中的形容詞作表語(yǔ)可以用從句改寫，It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party19. It is no good / use / fun doing sth. It is a great pleasure / a waste of

16、time / a bore doing sth . It is useless / nice / good doing sth . 該句型中的真正主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，主句中的表語(yǔ)可以是名詞或形容詞。 It is no good learning English without speaking English. It is useless crying over spilt milk . 20 . It doesnt matter whether ( if ) .該句型中whether(if) 引導(dǎo)的從句是真正主語(yǔ)，該句型常譯為不論（是否）沒關(guān)系。 It doesnt matter if

17、 they are old. 21. We think it important to learn a foreign language.該句型中的it 作形式賓語(yǔ)。為了記憶方便我們可稱該句型為"6123結(jié)構(gòu)"。6：指主句中常用的動(dòng)詞：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel ( 另外表示人的心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞還有：like , love , hate , appreciate , dont mind , depend on 等)1：指的是形式賓語(yǔ)it； 2：指的是賓補(bǔ)的兩種形式：形容詞或名詞；3：指的是真正賓語(yǔ)的三種形式：不定式短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。 We think it our duty to clean our classroo