主謂一致01之歐陽術創(chuàng)編

1、歐陽術創(chuàng)編 2021.02.02歐陽美創(chuàng)編 2021.02.02主謂一致時間：2021.02. 02創(chuàng)作：歐陽術二. 槪念：倒子的主培和謂培在人稱和數(shù)上保持一 致。三遵循的原則:1培法一致2. 意義一致3. 就近原則（鄰近原則）三. 用法：1.單復數(shù)同形的名詞means, headquarters （總 部）,series （系列），species （種類）， works （工廠）作主語時，謂語動詞根據(jù)意 義一致的原呱。eg.®These glass works are near the railway station.This glass works（玻璃廠）was set up

2、in 1990.注:remains作遺休講，謂培動詞用復數(shù);作遺速、利余 物講，謂培動詞用單數(shù)或復數(shù)。2.只有復數(shù)形武的名詞scissors（剪子）,glasses（眼 鏡）,clothes,shorts（短褲）,trousers（褲子）,goods（貨 物）,earnings（收入）,shoes, chopsticks 等作主培 時，謂培動詞用復數(shù)。egZi Where are my spectacles（眼鏡）?I can't find them. 3'One pair of scissors isn't enough.3.以s結尾的名詞作主培時:以s結尾的不可數(shù)名

3、詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。eg.Whafs the news?（2）以s結尾的專有名詞作主語時:a. 以s結尾的表示國家，組級等名稱或書名作主 培時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如:the Netherlands（荷蘭）,thc United States（美國）,the United Nations（聯(lián)合國）, The Cantebury Tales（坎特伯雷的故事）, American Notes（美國筆記），The Arabian Nights（一千零一夜）b. 以s結尾的表示山脈，群島，海峽，瀑布等地理名稱作主培時，謂培動詞用復數(shù)形式。如:the Alps（阿爾卑斯山）,the Hima

4、layas（喜 馬竝雒山脈）,the Philippine Islands（菲 律賓群島）,the Niagara Falls（尼亞加拉 大瀑布）c. 以s結尾的疾病、游戲名稱等作主培，謂培 動詞用單數(shù)。如:diabetes（糖尿?。?darts（投 t® 游戲）, marbles（打彈子游戲）d. 以ics結尾的學科名稱作主培，謂語動詞用 單數(shù)。如:physics,mathematics, politics,economics4. 集體名詞作主語時:表示整體IS念，謂培動詞用單數(shù)形式;表示個體 成員，謂培動詞用復數(shù)形式例如 army,audience,band,board（董事會）

5、，cast（全體 演員）,class,committee, crew（全體 船員）,crowd, family, generation,government,group,party,population,public,schoo1,staff,team,company 等。注:泄些詞前如有whole修飾IJ表示整體，謂語動詞 用單數(shù)。（2）只當復數(shù)看待的集體名詞如cattle,folk（人（I）, people,youth,poultry（家禽），vermin（害 fi）, militia（民兵）謂培動詞用復數(shù)。注:people作民族講,謂培動詞可用單數(shù)。eg.Every people has

6、 its own ways of living.（3）常作不可數(shù)名詞、表示總稱的集體名詞作主培時, 謂培動詞用單數(shù)，例如 furniture,luggage（行 李）,merchandise（商 iw）,equipment, foliage（葉 子）,machinery （機 械）、clothing, jewelry （珠寶）等。5. 主培為外來的復數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞作單數(shù)，例如data （數(shù)據(jù)）（謂語動詞也可用復數(shù)）,agenda （議程）等。6. 表示時間、距離、金錢的復數(shù)名詞作主語時, 意義一致，把復數(shù)名詞看作整體,謂培動詞用單 數(shù)。egThree years has passed.&#

7、169;Four hundred miles is long distance.3 Fifty dollars is dear.7如果主語由 more than one.,many a.,a/an/one.and a half 與名詞構成，謂培動 詞用單數(shù)。one and a half+ g詞復數(shù)，謂培動詞 視名詞而定。more than +名詞復數(shù)或morc+名 詞復數(shù)+thanone結構后，謂培動詞用復數(shù)。egMore than one question was asked at the meeting.©Many a ship has been damaged in the s

8、torm.3 An apple and a half was eaten.（=One and a half apples were eaten.）4 One and a half years has passed.（整體概念）8. 代詞作主語時：(1 )表示數(shù)量的不定代詞much,little作主培時， 謂語動詞用單數(shù)；many , (a)few, both, several作主培時，謂培動詞用復數(shù)。eg.：1 Much of our food comes from plants. Only the few are likely to enjoy the music.(2 ) such,the

9、 same起指示代詞作用時，謂培動詞根 據(jù)其所指內容決定單復數(shù)(意義一 致)。eg.(1 Such is our plan. Such are his words.(3 ) most (of), none (of), some (of), all (of)作主語 時，謂培動詞根據(jù)意義一致的原呱。一 般來說，all指人時，謂培動詞用復數(shù)； 指事情時謂培動詞用單數(shù)。eg.All are right.(所有人都身體健康) All is right.(- 進展 1 利)(4 ) each(of), either (of), neither (of), the other, another,以及 som

10、e,every,any,no+thing, body,one構成的合成代詞作壬語時，謂 培動詞用單數(shù)(主語為none,jg語動詞現(xiàn) 多用復數(shù)，也可用單數(shù))。each赦在代詞后面作同位語，謂培動詞由代詞決 宀疋Oeg. We each have a reference book.(5 )關系代詞who, which, that等在定培從旬中 作主培時，謂培動詞的數(shù)與先行詞的數(shù) 保持一致。eg. Those who want to go please sign your name here.(6 )疑間代詞who, what, which作主語時，謂 語動詞根據(jù)說話人要表達的意思決定單復 數(shù)(意義

11、一致)。eg. Which is (are) your books?9. 表示不定數(shù)量的名詞短語作主語時:(1 ) a (great) number of, many, a few+ 可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) 作主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)；(a) little, much, a great deal of+不可數(shù)名詞作壬培 時，謂培動詞用單數(shù)。注：A. a ( large ) quantity of +可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞的形式通常視of后 名詞的具體情況而定，該名詞是不可 數(shù)名詞時謂語用單數(shù)形式,該名詞時 復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時謂語通常要采用復數(shù) 形式;(large ) quantities of +

12、 可數(shù)名 詞復數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用復 數(shù)。B. a large/great amount/sum of +不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動 詞用單數(shù)； large/great amounts/sums of +不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。(2 )表示“種類、廿量單位，啲名詞kind, sort, type, form, pair, cup, glass, piece, box, chain, series(單數(shù)、復數(shù)形式同形)、species(單 數(shù)、復數(shù)形式同形)，ton, meter等與of連用 構成主培時，由of之前表示“種類、廿量單 位”的名詞決定謂培動詞的形式。a portion/pile/

13、panel (組 “commitlee/boarcl of + 可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)作主培時，謂培動詞用單 數(shù)。如:a kind /sort/type of, this kind /sort/type of+ 名詞單/ 復數(shù)，謂培動詞用單數(shù);these/those kind(s) /sort(s)/type(s) of+名詞復數(shù),謂語動詞用復 數(shù);what kind of+名詞單數(shù)，謂培動詞用單 數(shù);what kinds of+名詞單數(shù)，謂語動詞用 復數(shù)。eg. There has been a whole series of accidents on the stretch of road rece

14、ntly.(最近 在這一 段路上發(fā)生了一連串事故)(3 ) the number of + 可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，the amount of+不可數(shù)名詞,the quantity of +可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞 作主培時，謂培動詞用單數(shù)。(4 ) a lot of, lots of, a heap of, heaps of (許多)，half of, plenty of, the rest of, the remainder of+ 可 數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞作壬語，謂培動詞根據(jù)of后 面的名詞決定。eg 1 Half of the students have read the novel.Half of

15、the food is unfit to ea匸10. 數(shù)詞(由數(shù)詞構成的短語)作主語時:(1 )分數(shù)或百分比+of+名詞作主培，謂培動詞 根據(jù)of后面的名詞決定。eg. 1 Two thirds of the earth's surface is made up of vast ocean. Three fifths of the workers here are women.（2）基數(shù)詞單純表示數(shù)字作主語時，謂培動詞用單數(shù)；表示數(shù)量時，謂培動詞用復數(shù)。eg. Q.yTwelve are boys|Ten billion is a large numbe匚（3）不可數(shù)名詞前如有表數(shù)量

16、的復數(shù)詞岀現(xiàn), 做主培時，謂培用復數(shù)。eg.Thousands of tons of coal are carried out from thi s mine every month (4 ) one or two+名詞復數(shù)作主培時,謂語動詞 用復數(shù)； a/one+名詞單數(shù)+or two作主語 時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。(5)用作運算的數(shù)詞作主語時，謂培動詞一般用 單數(shù)，抽、乘運算，謂培動詞有時可用復 數(shù)。eg. ©Three plus(and) five is/makes eight.(3+5=8)(2)Ten minus six is foirno廠 Six from ten is/l

17、eaves four.( 10-6=4)3 Two multiplied by(times) nine is eighteen.(2*9=18)4 Sixteen divided by eight is /equals two.( 16/8=2) How much is eight divided by two?(8/2=?)(6 )主培由one in/one out of+復數(shù)名詞(分之一) 構成，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù),有時也可用 復數(shù)。eg. One in ten students has failed the exam.11. 名詞化的形容詞/過去分詞與定冠詞the連用作主 語時,如表示一

18、類可數(shù)的人或物，謂培動詞用 復數(shù)；如表示一類不可數(shù)事物時指個別,謂培 動詞用單數(shù)。如:the poor, the rich, the blind （瞎的）,the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the agreeable （好看的）, the oppressed （受壓迫的）,the wounded, the injured, the unemployed （失業(yè)的）,the accused（被告）,the dispossessed（被剝奪者）eg. The rich are for the plan, but the poor are against

19、 the plan.12單個的非限定動詞（動名詞、不定式）短語作主 語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù),并列的此類結構作主 語，謂語用復數(shù)。eg. 1 Crossing the river takes only a few minutes. To study English is not easy.13. 單個的名詞性從句作主語（主培從旬）時，謂培 動詞一般用單數(shù)；但what引導的壬培從句，主 句中的謂培動詞根據(jù)意義一致原則。"、旬中謂 培動詞不同時，主句中謂培動詞用復數(shù)；由多 個疑間詞引導主培從何,主旬中謂語動詞用單 數(shù)。eg. 1 Whether he will come or not is

20、uncertain.That the young man married her isn't surprising.3 What he suggested was to start to work at once4 What the boy asked for were a few apples.5 What he says and thinks are not very important to us.6 When and how he came here is not known.14. 由連接詞連接的名詞或代詞作主培時：（1 ）由and, both. and.連接并列主語時，謂培

21、動 詞用復數(shù)。（2）由and連接的并列主培，如果指的是同一個 人、同一個事物或同一欄念（如配套的物品）時，謂培動詞用單數(shù)。如:a fork and knife, a watch and chain, salt and water, bread and butter, a cart and horse （馬 車）,needle and thread （針線）,law and order （法律和秩序）等。eg. 1 Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.The poet and writer has come.（那位詩人兼

22、作家來了）3 The poet and the writer have come.（那位作家和那位作家部來了）4 Time and tide waits for no man.（歲月不饒人）注：如連接的是單數(shù)名詞時，前一個名詞有冠詞， 后一個名詞無冠詞。（3 ） A+ with/along with/together with/as well as （和）, like （像）,in addition to/besides, except/but （除 T）, but not/rather than （而不是）,including, as much as, more than, no less than （和樣），accompanied by+B結構中，句中的謂語動詞由A決定。(4 ) every/each+ 名詞單數(shù) + every/each+ 名詞單數(shù) 結構中，句中謂培動詞用單數(shù)。15. 由 or, nor, either.or., neither.nor., not only.but (also)., not.but.等連接的并列主 in、there be句型及here引導的倒裝句中，謂培 動詞根據(jù)就近原則。eg. 1 My sisters or my