考研英語(yǔ)應(yīng)試學(xué)理論研究(6選5論據(jù)找論點(diǎn))

1、考研英語(yǔ)應(yīng)試學(xué)理論研究連載七：新題型速成勝經(jīng)（6選5論據(jù)找論點(diǎn)）一、怎么考？（1）大綱規(guī)定在一篇長(zhǎng)度約500詞的文章前有6個(gè)概括句或小標(biāo)題。這些標(biāo)題分別是對(duì) 文章某一部分的概扌g(shù)要求考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，從這6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最恰當(dāng)?shù)?個(gè)標(biāo)題填入 文章的空白處。（2）命題形式該題型一般是一篇有七個(gè)段落的文章，除首末兩段外，其余五個(gè)段落每段 前都有一個(gè)空格，要求考生從選項(xiàng)中選出可以概扌舌這個(gè)段落的句子或短語(yǔ)，充當(dāng)這個(gè)段落的 小標(biāo)題。選項(xiàng)共有五個(gè)，多余的一個(gè)也是和某個(gè)段落內(nèi)容有關(guān)，但并不一定是這個(gè)段落的概 括，可能只是其中一部分的概括，這點(diǎn)要引起注意。二、怎么學(xué)?（1）以綱為準(zhǔn)，依題定法：認(rèn)真閱讀2006

2、年考試大綱和考試分析里有關(guān)本題型的相關(guān)規(guī)定, 仔細(xì)分析、反復(fù)研究考試分析里的樣題，從樣題的分析中去尋找和探究命題者的心態(tài)，從而 發(fā)現(xiàn)解答此類題型的方法?？荚嚪治鲋兄赋?，該題型考査的是考生把握主旨大意，進(jìn)行概括總結(jié)的能 力。如樣題所示，該題型要求考生為文章中的若干段落選出最恰當(dāng)?shù)男?biāo)題。其實(shí)，就是耍 求考生選出最能概括段落主題或要點(diǎn)的標(biāo)題。從考試分析中可以看岀，這個(gè)題型的fi的在于檢測(cè)考生的歸納能力。其實(shí) 這種能力的練習(xí)我們己經(jīng)做過(guò)許多，最典型的就是中學(xué)語(yǔ)文課文中的概括每段大意練習(xí)；還 有就是我們平常做閱讀理解時(shí)碰到的某個(gè)段落說(shuō)明了什么這種練習(xí)。岡此，這種概括能力我 們每個(gè)人都有，這種練習(xí)也不陌

3、生。不同的就是現(xiàn)在面對(duì)的是一些英語(yǔ)文章，而且大意都己 給出，只是要求與各段相配。雖然語(yǔ)言不同，但是做法是相同的，就是通讀文章的每一段, 分析清楚重點(diǎn)說(shuō)的是什么，然后對(duì)之進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)，再和選項(xiàng)配對(duì)?？荚嚨臉宇}分析也是這樣進(jìn)行的，首先通讀全文，明晰文中講了兒個(gè)主體 意思。然后再細(xì)看每個(gè)段落，每個(gè)段落分別說(shuō)明了一個(gè)方面，將這個(gè)方面的大意概括出來(lái)。最后再看選項(xiàng)，將選項(xiàng)與概插出的大意相對(duì)照，選出一致的答案?；痉椒ň褪沁@樣。(2)大量練習(xí)，掌握規(guī)律：主旨題，實(shí)際上就是根據(jù)文章中己經(jīng)給岀的論據(jù)去從選項(xiàng)中去 尋找支持該論據(jù)的論點(diǎn)。這樣的題型，就是要掌握一定的方法，也就是提煉、概插的方法, 然后做大量練習(xí)，逐

4、漸掌握規(guī)律。二、怎么解？(1)解題步驟a. 看選項(xiàng)，從選項(xiàng)中就對(duì)以推斷岀相關(guān)段落大致的內(nèi)容是關(guān)于什么的。b. 讀所考段落，抓住每段主題句和核心詞匯。正確答案常常是主題句的改寫。c. 將從段落中提煉岀的主題句和選項(xiàng)相對(duì)照，選岀答案。(2)解題技巧a. "重點(diǎn)詞原則”：閱讀整個(gè)段落，將段落中的重點(diǎn)詞句找出，重點(diǎn)詞句主要是指： a反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞b括號(hào)里的詞c引號(hào)里的詞b. “干擾排除原則”：段落中未展開(kāi)詳細(xì)例證說(shuō)明的選項(xiàng)往往是干擾選項(xiàng)，應(yīng)該予以排除;c. “排除原則”：某段話的答案確定后，將該選項(xiàng)劃去，以防止影響其他題fi的作答。四、大綱樣題directions:you are going

5、to read a list of headings and a text about plagiarism in the academic coniniunity. choose the most suitable heading from the list a-f for each numbered paragraph (41 -45). the first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. there is one extra heading which you do not need to use. mark your

6、answers on answer sheet 1. (10 points)a what to do as a student?b various definitions of plagiarismc ideas should always be sourced.d ignorance can be forgiven.e plagiarism is equivalent to theft.f the consequences of plagiarismscholars, writers and teachers in the modern academic community have str

7、ong feelings about acknowledging the use of another person, s ideas. in the english-speaking world, the term plagiarism is used to label the practice of not giving credit for the source of one" s ideas. simply stated, plagiarism is “the wrongful appropriation or purloinning, and publication as

8、one" s own of the ideas, or the expression of ideas of another- ”41the penalties for plagiarism vary from situation to situation. in many universities, the punishment may range from failure in a particular course to expulsion from the university- in the literary world, where writers are protect

9、ed from plagiarism by international copyright laws, the penalty may range from a small fine to imprisonment and a ruined career. protection of scholars and writers, through the copyright laws and through the social pressures of the academic and literary communities, is a relatively recent concept. s

10、uch social pressures and copyright laws require writers to give scrupulous attention to documentation of their sources.42students, as inexperienced scholars themselves, must avoid various types of plagiarism by being self-critical in their use of other scholars' ideas and by giving appropriate c

11、redit for the source of borrowed ideas and words, otherwise dire consequentces may occur. there are at least three classifications of plagiarism as it is revealed in students' inexactness in identifying sources properly- they are plagiarism by accident, by ignoranee, and by intention.43plagiaris

12、m by accident, or oversight, sometimes is the result of the writer" s inability to decide or remember where the idea came from, lie may have read it long ago, heard it in a lecture since forgotten, or acquired it second-hand or third-hand from discussions with colleagues, lie may also have diff

13、iculty in deciding whether the idea is such common knowledge that no reference to the original source is needed. although this type of plagiarism must be guarded against, it is the least serious and, if lessons learned, can be exempt from being severely punished.44plagiarism through ignorance is sim

14、ply a way of saying that inexperienced writers often do not know how or when to acknowledge their sources. the techniques for documentation-note-taking, quoting, footnoting, listing bibliography-are easily learned and can prevent the writer from making unknowing mistakes or omissions in his referenc

15、es. although there is no copyright in news, or in ideas, only in the expression of them, the writer cannot plead ignomnee when his sources for ideas are challenged45the most serious kind of academic thievery is plagiarism by intention. the writer, limited by his laziness and dullness, copies the tho

16、ughts and language of othersand claims them for his own. lie not only steals, he tries to deceive the reader into believing the ideas are original. such words as immoral, dishonest, offensive, and despicable are used to describe the practice of plagiarism by intention.the opposite of plagiarism is a

17、cknowledgement. all mature and trustworthy writers make use of the ideas of others but they are careful to ack no wledge their inde btedn ess to their sources. students, as developing scholars, writers, teachers, and professional leaders, should recognize and assume their responsibility to document

18、all sources from which language and thoughts are borrowed. other members of the profession will not only respect the scholarship, they will admire the humility and honesty.試題分析首先，通讀全文，了解大意。這篇文章是關(guān)于抄襲的，介紹了抄襲的形式, 以及如何合理引用、避免抄襲的建議。然后，再具體看每段文章各自說(shuō)明的重點(diǎn)。文章第1段是解釋抄襲是怎么 回事。第2段的第一句話己經(jīng)暗示了 41題的答案，“the penalties for plagiarism vary from situation to situation. 中 penalties 是 plagiarism 的結(jié)果，而在 6 個(gè)選項(xiàng)中， f項(xiàng)中的the consequences of plagiarism （抄襲的后果）剛好與penalties相對(duì)應(yīng)。第3 段又說(shuō)到，