羅馬條例1中英雙文

1、.EC CONVENTION ON THE LAW APPLICABLE TO CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS(Rome 1980)歐盟關(guān)于合同債權(quán)法律適用的公約（ 1980 羅馬第一條例）Title I - Scope of the Convention第一篇 公約的適用范圍Article 1- Scope of the Convention第條公約的適用范圍Article 2- Application of law of non-contracting States第條 非締約國法律的適用Title II - Uniform Rules 第二篇 統(tǒng)一規(guī)則Article 3-

2、 Freedom of choice 第條 選擇的自由Article 4- Applicable law in the absence of choice第條 無選擇情況下的適用法律Article 5- Certain consumer contracts 第條 某些消費(fèi)者合同Article 6- Individual employment contracts第條雇傭合同Article 7- Mandatory rules 第條強(qiáng)制性規(guī)則Article 8- Material validity第條 實(shí)質(zhì)上的效力Article 9- Formal validity第條 形式上的效力Article

3、 10- Scope of the applicable law 第條 適用法律的范圍Article 11- Incapacity 第條無行為能力Article 12- Voluntary assignment第條自愿轉(zhuǎn)讓Article 13- Subrogation 第條代位求償權(quán)Article 14- Burden of proof, etc.第條舉證責(zé)任等Article 15- Exclusion of renvoi 第條 反致的排除Article 16- "Ordre public"第條 “公共政策”Article 17- No retrospective effe

4、ct第條無追溯效力Article 18- Uniform interpretation第條統(tǒng)一解釋Article 19- States with more than one legal system第條具有一個(gè)以上法律制度的國家Article 20- Precedence of Community law 第條共同體法律的優(yōu)先適用Article 21 - Relationship with other conventions第條與其他公約的關(guān)系A(chǔ)rticle 22- Reservations 第條保留TITLE III FINAL PROVISIONS第三篇 最后條款A(yù)rticle 23至 A

5、rticle 33PREAMBLE序言THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES to theTreaty establishing the EuropeanEconomicCommunity,ANXIOUS to continue in the fieldof private internationallaw the work of unification of lawwhich has already been done within the Community, inparticular in thefield of jurisdictionand enforcement

6、of judgments,WISHING toestablishuniform rulesconcerningthe lawapplicable to contractual obligations, HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS:歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體條約的各締約國，渴望在國際私法領(lǐng)域中繼續(xù)開展已經(jīng)在共同體內(nèi)進(jìn)行的法律統(tǒng)一工作，特別是在管轄權(quán)和執(zhí)行判決方面已進(jìn)行的統(tǒng)一，希望就合同債務(wù)的適用法律訂立統(tǒng)一規(guī)則，茲同意如下：TITLE I SCOPE OF THE CONVENTION第一篇公約的適用范圍.Article 1 Scope of the Convention第條公約的適用范圍

7、1. The rules of this Convention shall apply to contractual obligations in any situation involving a choice between the laws of different countries.本公約的規(guī)則適用于任何情形下涉及需在不同國家的法律之間進(jìn)行選擇的合同債務(wù)。2. They shall not apply to:本公約的規(guī)則不適用于：(a) questions involving the status or legal capacity of natural persons, witho

8、ut prejudice to Article 11;涉及自然人的地位或法律行為能力問題，但不得妨礙本公約第條的適用；(b) contractual obligations relating to:關(guān)于下列諸項(xiàng)的合同債務(wù)：- wills and succession, 遺囑和繼承；- rights in property arising out of a matrimonial relationship,- rights and duties arising out of a family relationship, parentage, marriage or affinity, inclu

9、dingmaintenance obligations in respect of children who are not legitimate; 由婚姻關(guān)系而產(chǎn)生的財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)；由家庭關(guān)系、親子關(guān)系、婚姻或姻親關(guān)系而產(chǎn)生的權(quán)利和義務(wù)，包括對(duì)非婚生子女的扶養(yǎng)義務(wù)；(c) obligations arising under bills of exchange, cheques and promissory notes and other negotiable instruments to the extent that the obligations under such other negotia

10、ble instruments arise out of their negotiable character;由匯票、支票、本票以及由于票據(jù)的可轉(zhuǎn)讓性而產(chǎn)生債務(wù)的其他流通票據(jù)所產(chǎn)生的債務(wù)；(d) arbitration agreements and agreements on the choice of court;仲裁協(xié)議和選擇法院協(xié)議；(e) questions governed by the law of companies and other bodies corporate or unincorporatesuch as the creation,by registrationor

11、 otherwise,legal capacity, internalorganizationorwindingup of companiesand otherbodies corporateor unincorporateand thepersonalliability of officers and members as such for the obligations of the company or body;公司法和其他法人或非法人組織法所管轄的問題，例如，公司和其他法人組織或非法人組織通過登記或其他方式的設(shè)立，其法律行為能力、內(nèi)部組織或結(jié)業(yè)清理，以及作為公司和其他法人組織或非法人

12、組織的高級(jí)職員和成員對(duì)公司和法人或非法人組織債務(wù)的個(gè)人責(zé)任；仲裁協(xié)議和選擇法院協(xié)議；(f) the question whether an agent is able to bind a principal, or an organ to bind a company or body corporate or unincorporate, to a third party;(g) the constitution of trusts and the relationship between settlors, trustees and beneficiaries;(h) evidence an

13、d procedure, without prejudice to Article 14.（）關(guān)于代理對(duì)第三人的行為是否能約束其委托人，或者一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)第三人的行為是否能約束一個(gè)公司、法人組織或非法人組織的問題；（）信托的設(shè)立以及信托設(shè)立人、受托人和受益人之間的關(guān)系；（）證據(jù)和程序，但不得妨礙本公約第條的適用；.3. The rules of this Convention do not apply to contracts of insurance which cover risks situatedin the territories of the Member States of the

14、European Economic Community. In order to determine whether a risk is situated in these territories the court shall apply its internal law.本公約規(guī)則不適用于承保在歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體成員國領(lǐng)土內(nèi)發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的保險(xiǎn)合同。為了確定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是否處于這些領(lǐng)土之內(nèi)，法院應(yīng)適用其國內(nèi)法。4. The preceding paragraph does not apply to contracts of re-insurance.前款不適用于再保險(xiǎn)合同。Article 2 Applica

15、tion of law of non-contracting States第條非締約國法律的適用Any law specified by this Convention shall be applied whether or not it is the law of a Contracting State.凡本公約所指定的法律，不論該法律是否為締約國的法律，均應(yīng)適用。TITLE II UNIFORM RULES第二篇統(tǒng)一規(guī)則Article 3 Freedom of choice第條選擇的自由1. A contract shall be governed by the law chosen by

16、 the parties. The choice must be expressed or demonstrated with reasonable certainty by the terms of the contract or the circumstances of the case. By their choice the parties can select the law applicable to the whole or a part only of the contract.合同應(yīng)適用當(dāng)事人選擇的法律。此項(xiàng)選擇必須是明示的，或者由合同條款或具體情況合理確定地表明。當(dāng)事人可以

17、選擇適用于全部合同或僅適用于部分合同的法律。2. The parties may at any time agree to subject the contract to a law other than that which previously governed it, whether as a result of an earlier choice under this Article or of other provisions of this Convention. Any variation by the parties of the law to be applied made

18、after the conclusion of the contract shall not prejudice its formal validity under Article 9 or adverselyaffect the rights of third parties.當(dāng)事人在任何時(shí)候都可以約定使其合同適用原先并非適用于它的法律，無論原先適用于該合同的法律是根據(jù)本條還是本公約其他條款所選擇。但在合同訂立后，當(dāng)事人對(duì)適用法律所做的任何變動(dòng)，都不得有損于本公約第條規(guī)定的合同形式上的效力，亦不得對(duì)第三人的權(quán)利產(chǎn)生不利影響。3. The fact that the parties have

19、chosen a foreign law, whether or not accompanied by the choice of a foreign tribunal, shall not, where all the other elements relevant to the situation atthe time of the choice are connected with one country only, prejudice the application of rulesof the law of that country which cannot be derogated

20、 from by contract, hereinafter called "mandatory rules".當(dāng)事人選擇了某一外國法律，不論其是否同時(shí)選擇了外國法院；如果在選擇時(shí)，一切與當(dāng)時(shí)情況有關(guān)的其他因素都只與一個(gè)國家有聯(lián)系，這個(gè)事實(shí)不應(yīng)影響該國法律中不得由合同所減損的那部分法律規(guī)則的適用，以下稱之為“強(qiáng)制性規(guī)則”。4. The existence and validity of the consent of the parties as to the choice of the applicable law shall be determined in accord

21、ance with the provisions of Articles 8, 9 and 11.當(dāng)事人對(duì)于適用法律的選擇表示同意的事實(shí)和效力，應(yīng)依照本公約第條、第條和第條的規(guī)定予以確定。Article 4 Applicable law in the absence of choice第條無選擇情況下的適用法律1. To the extent that the law applicable to the contract has not been chosen in accordance with Article 3, the contract shall be governed by the

22、 law of the country with which it is most closely connected. Nevertheless, a severable part of the contract which has a closer connection withanother country may by way of exception be governed by the law of that other country.在當(dāng)事人未根據(jù)第三條的規(guī)定選擇合同的適用法律的情況下，該合同應(yīng)適用與它有最密切聯(lián)系的國家的法律。但是，如果合同的可分割部分與另一個(gè)國家有更密切的聯(lián)

23、系，則該部分合同則可作為例外，適用那個(gè)國家的法律。2. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 5 of this Article, it shall be presumed that the contract is most closely connected with the country where the party who is to effect the performance which is characteristic of the contract has, at the time of conclusion of the contr

24、act, his habitual residence, or, in the case of a body corporate or unincorporate, its central administration. However, if the contract is entered into in the course of that party's trade or profession, thatcountry shall be the country in which the principal place of business is situated or, whe

25、re under the terms of the contract the performance is to be effected through a place of business otherthan the principal place of business, the country in which that other place of business is situated.除另依本條第款的規(guī)定，合同特定履行的當(dāng)事人在訂立合同時(shí)，其慣常居所地的國家，或者當(dāng)事人是法人組織或非法人組織時(shí)，其管理中心所在地的國家，應(yīng)推定為與該合同有最密切聯(lián)系的國家。但是，如果合同是在當(dāng)事人

26、的貿(mào)易和職業(yè)活動(dòng)過程中訂立的，則與該合同有最密切聯(lián)系的國家應(yīng)是主要營業(yè)地所在的國家，或者，如果根據(jù)合同規(guī)定，合同將在主要營業(yè)地以外的另一營業(yè)地履行，則與該合同有最密切聯(lián)系的國家應(yīng)是另一營業(yè)地所在國。3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2 of this Article, to the extent that the subject matter of the contract is a right in immovable property or a right to use immovable property itshall be

27、presumed that the contract is most closely connected with the country where the immovable property is situated.盡管有本條第款的規(guī)定，但如果合同的標(biāo)的是不動(dòng)產(chǎn)產(chǎn)權(quán)或不動(dòng)產(chǎn)使用權(quán)，則應(yīng)推定不動(dòng)產(chǎn)所在地國家是與合同有最密切聯(lián)系的國家。4. A contract for the carriage of goods shall not be subject to the presumption in paragraph 2. In such a contract if the country

28、in which, at the time the contract is concluded, the carrier has his principal place of business is also the country in which the place of loading or the place of discharge or the principal place of business of the consignor is situated, it shall be presumed that the contract is most closely connect

29、ed with that country. In applying this paragraph single voyage charter -parties and other contracts the main purpose of which is the carriage of goodsshall be treated as contracts for the carriage of goods.第款的規(guī)定不應(yīng)適用于貨物運(yùn)輸合同。如果在訂立這種合同時(shí)，承運(yùn)人設(shè)有主要營業(yè)地的國家同時(shí)也是裝貨地或卸貨地或托運(yùn)人主要營業(yè)地所在的國家，則應(yīng)推定該國是與合同.有密切聯(lián)系的國家。在適用本款時(shí)，

30、單程租船合同和其他以貨物運(yùn)輸為主要目的合同均應(yīng)視為貨物運(yùn)輸合同。5. Paragraph 2 shall not apply if the characteristic performance cannot be determined, and the presumptions in paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 shall be disregarded if it appears from the circumstancesas a whole that the contract is more closely connected with another country.如果

31、合同的特定履行不能確定，則不適用第款，并且，如果總的情況顯示出合同與另一個(gè)國家有更密切的聯(lián)系，則不應(yīng)適用第款、第款和第款的推定。Article 5 Certain consumer contracts第條某些消費(fèi)者合同1. This Article applies to a contract the object of which is the supply of goods or services to aperson ("the consumer") for a purpose which can be regarded as being outside his tra

32、de or profession, or a contract for the provision of credit for that object.本條適用于向某人（消費(fèi)者）提供其行業(yè)或職業(yè)以外的貨物或服務(wù)的合同，或者為了該目的提供信貸的合同。2. Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 3, a choice of law made by the parties shall not have the result of depriving the consumer of the protection afforded to him by the

33、 mandatoryrules of the law of the country in which he has his habitual residence: - if in that country the conclusion of the contract was preceded by a specific invitation addressed to him or by advertising, and he had taken in that country all the steps necessary on his part for the conclusion of t

34、he contract, or- if the other party or his agent received the consumer's order in that country, or- if the contract is for the sale of goods and the consumer travelled from that country to another country and there gave his order, provided that the consumer's journey was arrangedby the selle

35、r for the purpose of inducing the consumer to buy.盡管有第條的規(guī)定，當(dāng)事人所做的法律選擇不得剝奪消費(fèi)者慣常居所地國法律的強(qiáng)制性規(guī)則對(duì)其提供的保護(hù)：如果合同在該國訂立，在訂立合同前向消費(fèi)者發(fā)出了專門邀請(qǐng)或刊登了廣告，而且消費(fèi)者在該國對(duì)訂立合同已采取了一切必要的步驟；或者如果另一方當(dāng)事人或其代理人在該國收到了消費(fèi)者的訂單；或者如果合同是為了貨物的銷售，而消費(fèi)者是從該國到另一國并在那里遞交其訂單的，并且消費(fèi)者此項(xiàng)旅程是賣方為了吸引消費(fèi)者購買貨物而安排的。3. Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 4, a

36、 contract to which this Article applies shall, in the absence of choice in accordance with Article 3, be governed by the law of the country inwhich the consumer has his habitual residence if it is entered into in the circumstancesdescribed in paragraph 2 of this Article.盡管有第條的規(guī)定，凡適用本條規(guī)定的合同，在未根據(jù)第三條作出

37、法律選擇時(shí)，如果該合同是在本條第款規(guī)定的情況下訂立的，則應(yīng)適用消費(fèi)者慣常居所地國家的法律。4. This Article shall not apply to:本條不適用于：(a) a contract of carriage;運(yùn)輸合同；(b) a contract for the supply of services where the services are to be supplied to the consumer.exclusively in a country other than that in which he has his habitual residence.提供服務(wù)的

38、合同，此種服務(wù)是在消費(fèi)者慣常居所地國家以外的國家向消費(fèi)者專門提供的。5. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 4, this Article shall apply to a contract which, for an inclusive price, provides for a combination of travel and accommodation.盡管有第款的規(guī)定，本條應(yīng)適用于以全包價(jià)格提供旅行和食宿的合同Article 6 Individual employment contracts第條雇傭合同1. Notwithstan

39、ding the provisions of Article 3, in a contract of employment a choice of law made by the parties shall not have the result of depriving the employee of the protection afforded to him by the mandatory rules of the law which would be applicable under paragraph2 in the absence of choice.盡管有第條的規(guī)定，在雇傭合同

40、中，當(dāng)事人作出的法律選擇不得剝奪受雇者在沒有作出選擇時(shí)，依照第款所要適用的法律的強(qiáng)制性規(guī)則對(duì)其提供的保護(hù)。2. Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 4, a contract of employment shall, in the absence of choice in accordance with Article 3, be governed: (a) by the law of the country in which theemployee habitually carries out his work in performance o

41、f the contract, even if he is temporarily employed in another country ; or (b) if the employee does not habitually carry outhis work in any one country, by the law of the country in which the place of business through which he was engaged is situated; unless it appears from the circumstances as a wh

42、ole that the contract is more closely connected with another country, in which case the contract shall be governed by the law of that country.盡管有第條的規(guī)定，在未根據(jù)第條作出任何法律選擇時(shí)，雇傭合同應(yīng)當(dāng)：（）適用受雇者為履行合同而慣常工作的國家的法律，即使他是在另一國家內(nèi)臨時(shí)受雇；或者（）如果受雇者并不慣常地在任何一國工作，則適用其受雇傭的經(jīng)營所在地國家的法律。除非從整個(gè)情況看，合同與另一國家具有更密切的聯(lián)系，則在這種情況下，該合同應(yīng)適用那個(gè)國家的法律

43、。Article 7 Mandatory rules第條強(qiáng)制性規(guī)則1. When applying under this Convention the law of a country, effect may be given to the mandatory rules of the law of another country with which the situation has a close connection,if and in so far as, under the law of the latter country, those rules must be applied

44、 whatever the law applicable to the contract. In considering whether to give effect to these mandatoryrules, regard shall be had to their nature and purpose and to the consequences of their application or non -application.在依照本公約適用某國法律時(shí)，若情況與另一國家有密切聯(lián)系，而且如果該國法律規(guī)定，無論合同適用什么法律，這些強(qiáng)制性規(guī)則都必須予以適用，則可以適用該國法律的強(qiáng)制性

45、規(guī)則。在考慮是否適用這些強(qiáng)制性規(guī)則時(shí)，應(yīng)注意到其性質(zhì)和目的，以及適用或不適用這些強(qiáng)制性規(guī)則所產(chǎn)生的后果。2. Nothing in this Convention shall restrict the application of the rules of the law of the forumin a situation where they are mandatory irrespective of the law otherwise applicable to the contract.本公約任何條款不得限制法院地法強(qiáng)制規(guī)則的適用，不論合同適用什么法律。Article 8 Materi

46、al validity第條實(shí)質(zhì)上的效力1. The existence and validity of a contract, or of any term of a contract, shall be determined by the law which would govern it under this Convention if the contract or term were valid.合同或合同任何條款的存在及效力，應(yīng)由在合同或其條款有效的情況下，根據(jù)本公約所指定的適用法律來確定。2. Nevertheless a party may rely upon the law o

47、f the country in which he has his habitual residence to establish that he did not consent if it appears from the circumstances that it wouldnot be reasonable to determine the effect of his conduct in accordance with the law specified in the preceding paragraph.但是，如果情況表明按照前款規(guī)定的法律確定當(dāng)事人行為的效力不合理時(shí)，該當(dāng)事人可以

48、依據(jù)其慣常居所地國的法律來確定其不同意適用該法律。Article 9 Formal validity第條形式上的效力1. A contract concludedbetween persons whoare in thesame countryis formally validif itsatisfies the formal requirements of the law which governs it under this Convention or of the law of the country where it is concluded.在同一國家的當(dāng)事人之間訂立的合同，如果具備

49、了根據(jù)本公約適用于該合同的法律或該合同訂立國的法律所規(guī)定的形式要件，則該合同在形式上有效。2. A contract concluded between persons who are in different countries is formally valid if it satisfies the formal requirements of the law which governs it under this Convention or of thelaw of one of those countries.在不同國家當(dāng)事人之間訂立的合同，如果具備了根據(jù)本公約適用于該合同的法律或這

50、些國家中某個(gè)國家的法律所規(guī)定的形式要件，則該合同在形式上有效。3. Where a contract is concluded by an agent, the country in which the agent acts is the relevant country for the purposes of paragraphs 1 and 2.如果合同是通過代理人訂立的，則代理人實(shí)施行為的國家即為本條第款和第款所指的有關(guān)國家。4. An act intended to have legal effect relating to an existing or contemplated co

51、ntract is formally valid if it satisfies the formal requirements of the law which under this Convention governs or would govern the contract or of the law of the country where the act was done.一項(xiàng)旨在對(duì)已經(jīng)訂立的合同或擬訂立的合同具有法律效力的行為，如果具備了根據(jù)本公約適用于或?qū)⒁m用于該合同的法律所規(guī)定的形式要件，或者具備了實(shí)施該項(xiàng)行為的國家法律的形式要件時(shí)，則該行為在形式上有效。5. The pro

52、visions of the preceding paragraphs shall not apply to a contract to which Article 5 applies, concluded in the circumstances described in paragraph 2 of Article 5. The formal validity of such a contract is governed by the law of the country in which the consumer has his habitual residence.前款規(guī)定不適用于在第

53、條第款所指情況下訂立并適用第條第款規(guī)定的合同。該類合同在形式上的效力受消費(fèi)者慣常居所地國的法律管轄。6. Notwithstanding paragraphs 1 to 4 of this Article, a contract the subject matter of which is aright in immovable property or a right to use immovable property shall be subject to the mandatory requirements of form of the law of the country where t

54、he property is situated if bythat law those requirements are imposed irrespective of the country where the contract is concluded and irrespective of the law governing the contract.盡管有本條第至款的規(guī)定，標(biāo)的為不動(dòng)產(chǎn)所有權(quán)或不動(dòng)產(chǎn)使用權(quán)的合同，應(yīng)受不動(dòng)產(chǎn)所在地國法律對(duì)形式的強(qiáng)制性要求的管轄，如果根據(jù)該法律，不論合同在何國訂立或適用何法律，這些形式要求必須符合。Article 10 Scope of the appli

55、cable law第條適用法律的范圍1. The law applicable to a contract by virtue of Articles 3 to 6 and 12 of this Convention shall govern in particular:(a) interpretation;(b) performance;(c) within the limits of the powers conferred on the court by its procedural law, the consquences of breach, including the assessment of damages in so far as it is governed by rules of law;(d) the various ways of extingui