M3U1語法講義精品精編資料

1、MOUDULE 3Unit 1 The world of our sensesLanguage & grammar focuses:一、短語1.互相影響2.皺起鼻子3.味覺4.手勢語5.即使；雖然6.伸出7.走出來走進(jìn)霧里8.穿一件深色的外套9.瀏覽 , 掃一眼10.在視野之內(nèi) , 看得見11.出發(fā)去 , 朝 走去12.到 時(shí)候?yàn)橹?3.幾秒鐘后14.凝視著 15.提防 /密切注意 16.幫助某人17.償還；回報(bào)18.盼望；企盼19.松了一口氣20.有影響；起作用二、語言點(diǎn)1. senseaffect one anotherhold one s nosesense of tastesi

2、gn languageeven if/thoughreach outstep out into the fogin a dark overcoatglance atin sightset off towardsby the timea few seconds laterstare atwatch out forcome to one s aidpay backwish forin reliefmake a difference作名詞，意思是“感官；感覺；意識；鑒賞力；意義；理智；道理；見識”a sense of sight/humor/directions/pridein a sense在某種

3、意義上common sense常識make sense 有意義、講得通make sense of 理解；明白還可動(dòng)詞，意思是“感覺；意識到；理解”eg. The horse sensed danger and stopped.Lisa sensed that he did not believe her.Can you sense the meaning of this poem?2. affect, effect, influenceaffectv.effectn.influencen. & v.Overwork may affect your health.( 影響 )Everyo

4、ne was affected by his sad story. （感動(dòng)）affect have an effect /influence on。如：The news did not affect her at all. The news had no effect on her at all.What you read influences your thinking.Television has a strong influence on people.be affected with被所苦 , 被所煩擾 , 患有. 疾病The child was affected with high

5、fever.三、句子1. Once out in the street , she walked quickly towards her usual bus stop.once out in the street 為省略句 , 在句中作時(shí)間狀語, 相當(dāng)于Once she was out in the street在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或讓步狀語從句中, 如果主從句的主語相同, 且從句謂語中又含有 be 動(dòng)詞 , 則從句中的主語和be 動(dòng)詞常可省略。eg . When heated, a piece of ice will turn into water.= When a piece of i

6、ce is heated, it will turn into water.I won t go even if invited.= I won t go even if I am invited.2. Sorry, Miss, replied the man, the truth is that it is too foggy for the bus to run thatfarthat far那么遠(yuǎn)；如此遠(yuǎn)that 可以做副詞，修飾形容詞或副詞，表示程度。eg .I m sorry. I hadn t realized the situation was that bad.this 也有類

7、似用法：這么，如此3. As Polly observed the passengers on the train, observe 可意為“看到，注意到，觀察到；觀察；監(jiān)視；遵守猜猜下面各句中的observe 的含義。1) The speed limit must be strictly observed. ( 遵守 )2) The far side of the moon is difficult for us to observe. (觀察 )(規(guī)則、法律等) ”3) They are observing her movements.( 監(jiān)視 ) observe 的常見用法：observ

8、e sth.observe sb. do (注意：此用法在變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要加上to。 sb be observed to do )observe sb. doingobserve sb. that clause / wh-clause4. There was no one in sight.看不見一個(gè)人。within / in sight看得見out of sight看不見at the sight of .一看到at first sight乍一看；第一眼lose one s sight 失明lose sight of 看不見；忽略；忘記catch sight of看見；瞥見come into

9、sight出現(xiàn)know sb. by sight與某人面熟5. Polly set off towards Park Street.set off出發(fā)set off towards 出發(fā)去 , 朝走去eg . If you want to catch that train, we'd better set off immediately.They've set off on a journey round the world.用 set 組成的常用短語：set up建立set out開始；出發(fā)set down太陽落山；飛機(jī)著陸set about doing sth.set ou

10、t to do sth著手做某事6. As she walked along the narrow street, she heard the sound of footsteps approaching,approachv.eg . Winter is approaching. （接近，靠近）We have been approached by a number of companies that are interested in our product.（接洽，建議，要求）What is the best way of approaching this problem? （著手處理，對付

11、）n. 方式，方法，態(tài)度She took the wrong approach in dealing with this problem.【詞義辨析】manner, method, way, means, approach這些名詞均含“方法、方式”之意。manner: 多指行動(dòng)的特殊方式或獨(dú)特的方法，方式，態(tài)度，禮儀等。method: 指有系統(tǒng)、有條理地辦事或解決問題的方法。way: 普通用詞， 可指一般的方法， 有時(shí)也指個(gè)人的方法或方式，也可指特殊的方式或方法。means: 指為達(dá)到某種目的或目標(biāo)而采用的方法、手段或途徑， 或使用某種交通工具的方式。approach: 指從事某事的特別方法、

12、途徑。搭配上：way to do/of doing, 前面接 in(He did this in this way. )method of，前面接with(He earns money with the method of stealing money)by means of(He went to school by means of taking a bus)approach to n. /doing(the approach to the question)7. Now she wanted to run, but fear held her still .句中的 hold 的意思是“使保

13、持某種狀態(tài)”，后常接形容詞或副詞，做賓語補(bǔ)足語。Could you hold the door open for me, please?It took three strong men to hold him down.stilladj. 形容詞，意思是“靜止的, 靜寂的”，keep still “保持靜止 ”stilladv. 更；仍然；靜止地stand still“站立不動(dòng)”8. watch out forthe step here.watch outwatch outwatch over小心；提防 be careful看守，監(jiān)視watch out for sb. / sth.look o

14、ut take care當(dāng)心 /提防 /注意當(dāng)心watch 還可以作名詞，常用短語有keep watch 值班，看守，照料:keep a close / good watch on sb. / sth.密切注意，密切監(jiān)視keep an eye out for 留心 (注意 )某人 (某事物 )名詞性從句一、名詞性從句在功能上相當(dāng)于名詞，包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。1.主語從句What he does is important.2.賓語從句I don t like what he does every day.3.表語從句This is what he does every d

15、ay.4.同位語從句I don t know about the fact that he is a teacher.二、名詞性從句的語序(1) 名詞性從句構(gòu)成有兩種 a. That + 陳述句That he is still alive is a wonder.（同位語從句）他還活著，真是奇跡。b. 疑問詞 +句子的剩余成分This is what we are looking for.（表語從句）這就是我們所尋找的。(2) 疑問詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句要求使用陳述句語序，不能用一般疑問句語序。他是怎么成功的仍然是個(gè)謎。How was he successful is still a puzzle

16、.How he was successful is still a puzzle.（F）（T ）你能告訴我他住在什么地方嗎？Could you tell me where he lives?Could you tell me where does he live?（T ）（F）三、同位語從句與定語從句相似點(diǎn)1同位語從句與定語從句都可以譯成定語The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. ( 同位語從句 )我們隊(duì)取得決賽勝利的消息令人鼓舞。The news that you told us is really enc

17、ouraging.(定語從句)你告訴我們的消息真的令人鼓舞。2同位語從句與定語從句都可以用that 引導(dǎo)The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)些實(shí)用的東西的建議值得考慮。(同位語從句 )The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.值得考慮的建議是學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)些實(shí)用的東西。(定語從句 )3. 同位語從句與定語從句和其它

18、名詞性從句一樣也要用陳述語序同位語從句：Have you any idea where have they gone ？ (語序錯(cuò)誤 )我們聽說了我們排球隊(duì)獲勝的消息。（定語從句：我們隊(duì)取得決賽勝利的消息令人鼓舞。（定語從句：Have you any idea where they have gone ？ 你知道他們?nèi)ツ睦锪藛?？定語從句：Do you remember the day when did you join our club?（語序錯(cuò)誤）Do you remember the day when you joined our club?你記得自己什么時(shí)候參加我們俱樂部的嗎？不同點(diǎn)1.

19、 引導(dǎo)詞是否在從句中充當(dāng)成分同位語從句的that 是連詞，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,；而引導(dǎo)定語從句的that 是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中常充當(dāng)主語或賓語。例如：同位語從句：The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.that 只起連接作用）The news that you told us is really encouraging.你告訴我們的消息真的令人鼓舞。（that 在從句中作told 的賓語）同位語從句：The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody