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1、戴氏教育 精品堂學校高三英語春季經(jīng)典教材英語教研組Knowledge is power.戴氏教育集團1DSE 金牌英語專題系列金牌英語專題系列高三英語春季高三英語春季專題四專題四情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣輕松輕松1 1 刻刻一美國教授在上課,有個學生問道:Can I go to the bathroom?教授回答:I dont know. You must know if you can go to the bathroom.這里學生想表達的意思很明顯, 就是我能去上廁所嗎?教授當然也明白他的意思, 只是故意逗他玩的 Can也有表示人具有某種能力,比如上廁所的能力所以教授說我不知道(
2、你有沒有這個能力),你自己應該知道你有沒有能力上廁所其實跟人提請求用 can 不是太禮貌,最好是說 Could I 或者 Would you mind.等等這也是教授跟他開玩笑的原因。知識點知識點回回顧顧1.非謂語作狀語的區(qū)別2.對不定式和動名詞作賓語的考查3.對動詞時態(tài)和非謂語的考查1. The day we looked forward to _ .A. comeB. comingC. has comeD. have come2. Whom would you rather _ the work?A. to have to doB. to have doC. have to doD. ha
3、ve do3. Do you think it any good _ with him again?A. to talkB. talkingC. to talkingD. having talked4. Sometimes new ideas have to be tested many times before _ .A. accepting fullyB. being fully acceptedC. fully acceptingD. fully being accepted5. The government forbids _ such bad books.A. publishedB.
4、 to publishC. publishD. Publishing重點知識重點知識講講 解解 詞匯詞匯“背多分背多分”Do(v.)do a good deed 干得好,搞好工作do away with 消滅,清除,取消,破除do good 有好處,有用處,做好事do harm 有害處,不利do one a favour 幫個忙do one good 對某人有好處do ones best 盡力,竭力do the deed 付諸行動,生效do ones duty 履行職責do up 收拾,整理,修理,打扮,包,捆,系do with 處理,需要,想,將就用do wonders 創(chuàng)造奇跡do wro
5、ng(right) 做錯(對)have sth (nothing)to do with 和有(無)關戴氏教育 精品堂學校高三英語春季經(jīng)典教材英語教研組Knowledge is power.戴氏教育集團2Keep(v.)keep a promise 遵守諾言keep a secret 守秘密keep watch 注意,警惕,提防keep back 扣下,隱瞞,忍?。ㄑ蹨I)keep body and soul together 維持生活keep in mind 記住,想著keep off 避開,擋住,不接近keep ones balance 保持平衡keep on 繼續(xù)(干)keep out 遮擋
6、,使不入內(nèi)keep silence 保持沉默(安靜)keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事keep up 保持,維持,繼續(xù)(某活動)keep up with 不落在后面,跟上,及時了解(情況)All(a.,pron.&n.)all by oneself 獨立,單獨above all 首先,特別是,最重要的是after all 到底,畢竟first of all 首先in all 總共most of all 最最all at once 突然,同時,馬上all of a sudden 突然all right 好吧,行,情況不錯all sorts of 各種各樣的all
7、 kinds of 各種各樣的all the best 萬事如意all the more 更加all the same 盡管如此,仍舊(照樣)all the year round 一年到頭 語法大觀園語法大觀園 考點一考點一 情態(tài)動詞的基本用法情態(tài)動詞的基本用法1.can 與與 could 的用法的用法(1)表示能力。Can 主要指現(xiàn)在時間,could 主要指過去時間。Two eyes can see more than one.兩只眼比一只眼看得清。Could the girl read before she went to school?這女孩上學前能識字嗎?(2)表示客觀的可能性(理論上
8、或是邏輯判斷上) 。The temperature can fall to 60, that is 60 below freezing.氣溫可降至60,也就是零下 60。He cant (couldnt) have enough money for a new car.他不可能有足夠的錢買新車。(3)表示請示和允許。Can I have a look at your new pen?我可以看一看你的新鋼筆嗎?He asked whether he could take the book out of the readingroom. 他問他可不可以把書帶出閱覽室。(4)表示請示,比較委婉客氣地
9、提出問題或陳述看法??谡Z中常用 could 代替 can,使語氣更婉轉(zhuǎn)。Can (Could) you lend me a hand?幫我一把好嗎?Im afraid we couldnt give you an answer today.恐怕我們今天不能給你答復。(5)表示驚異、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度: (主要用于否定、疑問和驚嘆句中)不耐煩,難道會,究竟。Where can (could) they have gone to?他們會去哪兒了呢?He cant (couldnt) be over sixty.他不可能超過六十歲。How can you be so careless?你怎么這么粗心
10、?(6)指理論上的可能性,并不涉及是否真的發(fā)生。You mustnt smoke while youre walking around in the wood. You could start a fire.在林子里走時勿吸煙,那樣可能會引起火災。戴氏教育 精品堂學校高三英語春季經(jīng)典教材英語教研組Knowledge is power.戴氏教育集團32.may 與與 might 的用法的用法(1)may 表示允許、許可。might 可以指過去時間,也可指現(xiàn)在時間表語氣更委婉。在回答以 may 引起的問句時,多避免用這個詞,而用其它方式,如 Yes, please. / Certainly.否定回
11、答時,一般要用mustnt,表示“禁止, 阻止”之意, 但也可以用may not/ Please dont . / Youd better not. / No, you mustnt.等,表示“不可以”,以免顯得太嚴峻或不客氣。You may take whatever you like.你喜歡什么就拿什么。He told me that I might smoke in the room.他告訴我可以在房間里抽煙。May I watch TV after supper?晚飯后我可以看電視嗎?Yes, please. /No, you may not(you mustnt).是的,可以。不,你
12、不能。(2)在表示請示、允許時,might 比 may 更委婉一些。用 May I.征詢對方許可在文體上比較正式,用 CanI.征詢對方意見更為常見。Can/May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby?我可以要一張你寶寶的照片嗎?(3)表示可能性的推測,含有“或許、大概、可能”之意,用 might 代替 may 時,則語氣顯得更加不肯定(不用于疑問句)He may be at home.他可能在家。She may not know about it.她可能不知道這件事。He was afraid they might not agree with hi
13、m.他擔心他們可能不同意他的意見。They might be having a meeting, but Im not sure.他們有可能在開會,不過我不肯定。(4)may 用于祈使句中表示祝愿。May you succeed! 祝你成功!3. must 的用法的用法(1)表示義務。意為“必須”(主觀意志)。We must do everything step by step.我們一切都必須循序漸進地做。You mustnt talk to her like that.你不許那樣對她說話。-Must we hand in our exercisebooks now?我們現(xiàn)在就要交練習本嗎?-
14、No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to.不必。(這種情況下,一般不用 mustnt)(2)表示揣測。意為“想必、準是、一定”等,只用于肯定句。He must be ill. He looks so pale.他準是病了。他的臉色蒼白。Shes wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money.她戴著鉆石項鏈,一定很有錢。4. shall 與與 should 的用法的用法(1)shall 用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中,征求對方的意見和向?qū)Ψ秸埵尽hall I get you some tea?我
15、給你點茶好嗎?Shall the boy wait outside?讓那男孩在外面等嗎?What shall we do this evening?我們今晚做什么?(2)shall 用于第二、第三人稱陳述句中,表示說給對方的命令、警告、允諾、決心或威脅。You shall do as I say.按我說的做。(命令)You shall have my answer tomorrow.你明天可以得到我的答復。(允諾)He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.有一天他會后悔的,我告訴你。(警告)Nothing shall stop us from c
16、arrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我們執(zhí)行這項計劃。(決心)(3)should 用于表示勸告和建議,作“應該”講。用于各種人稱。You should be polite to your teachers.你對老師應該有禮貌。戴氏教育 精品堂學校高三英語春季經(jīng)典教材英語教研組Knowledge is power.戴氏教育集團4You shouldnt waste any time.你不應該浪費時間。(4)should 用于表示推測,表示某個情況是合理的,正常的,符合邏輯的。The film should be very good as it is starring fir
17、stclass actors.這部新電影是一流演員主演的,估計拍得很好。They should be home by now.照說他們現(xiàn)在應當已經(jīng)到家了。(5)should 用于第一人稱時可表示說話人的一種謙遜、客氣、委婉的語氣。(6)should 表示說話人對某事不能理解,感到意外驚異的意思,意為“竟會”。5.will 與與 would 的用法的用法(1)用于表示意志或意愿。will 指現(xiàn)在,would 指過去。I will do anything for you.我愿為你做任何事。None is so blind as those who wont see.不愿看的人眼最瞎。If you
18、will read the book, Ill lend it to you.如果你愿意讀這本書,我會把它借給你。I said I would do anything for you.我說過我愿意為你做任何事。(2)表示請示、建議等,用于疑問句。would 比用 will 委婉、客氣些。Will you close the window? Its a bit cold.請你把窗戶關上好嗎?有點冷。Wont you drink some more coffee?再來一點咖啡好嗎?Would you like another glass of beer?再來杯啤酒好嗎?Would you mind
19、 cleaning the window?請把窗戶擦一下好嗎?(3)表示習慣性動作, 譯作“總是, 慣于”。 will 指現(xiàn)在, would 指過去反復發(fā)生的動作或過去的一種傾向。 。Fish will die out of water.魚離開水就不能活。The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.那男孩常常坐在那里好幾個鐘點,看著車輛行人通過。Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.她每遇到麻煩都會向她求助。他告訴我盒子打
20、不開了。(4)表示預料或猜想,表示“大概會”。They wouldnt have anything against it.他們不會有什么反對意見。(5)用于否定句中,表示“不肯,不樂意”。They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed.他們不讓他進去因為他衣著破舊。注意:would 與 used to 之區(qū)別:would 可用來表示過去反復出現(xiàn)的動作,但不能表示過去存在的狀態(tài),而used to 則著眼于今昔對比。6.need 與與 dare 的用法的用法need 和 dare 既可用作情態(tài)動詞,也可用作實義動詞。用作情態(tài)動詞時,主
21、要用于否定句和疑問句。用作實義動詞時,可用于各種句式。(1)need 表示“需要,必要”之意。作情態(tài)動詞,僅用于否定句和疑問句中,且只有現(xiàn)在時,其他時態(tài)用have to 的相應形式代替。-Need I come? -Yes, you must.-我需要來嗎? -需要。You neednt telephone him now.你現(xiàn)在不必打電話給他。I dont think you need worry.我想你不必發(fā)愁。(2)need 若用作實義動詞時,其變化與一般動詞相同。其后可接“n./to+動詞原形/doing”作賓語。You dont need to do it yourself.你不必親
22、自做這件事。戴氏教育 精品堂學校高三英語春季經(jīng)典教材英語教研組Knowledge is power.戴氏教育集團5We need to tell them the news.我們需要把這消息告訴他們。The table needs painting (to be painted.).桌子需要油漆一下。(3)dare 表示“敢,敢于”之意。作情態(tài)動詞時,主要用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句,一般不用于肯定句中。She dare not go out alone at night.她晚上不敢一個人出去。How dare you say Im unfair?你竟敢說我不公平?Not one of the
23、m dared mention this.他們誰也不敢提這件事。(4)dare 用作實義動詞時,其變化形式與一般動詞相同。在肯定句中,dare 后面通常接帶 to 的不定式,在否定句和疑問句中,dare 后面既可接帶 to 的不定式,也可接不帶 to 的不定式。We should dare to give our own opinion.我們要敢于提出自己的觀點。He did not dare (to) look up.他不敢抬頭看。I dare say hell come again.我想他會再來的。 (I dare say為固定習語)7. ought to 的用法的用法(1)表義務,意為“
24、應該”(因責任、義務等該做),口氣比 should 稍重。You are his father. You ought to take care of him.你是他父親,應當管他。You oughtnt to smoke so much.你不應該抽這么多煙。(2)表示推測,暗含很大的可能,語氣較弱。表示某個情況是合理的,符合邏輯的,注意與 must 表示推測時的區(qū)別。Han Mei ought to know his telephone number.韓梅該知道他的電話號碼。Theres a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 今天
25、有晚霞,明天應該是個好天。8. used to 的用法的用法表示過去的習慣動作或狀態(tài),現(xiàn)在不復發(fā)生或存在。疑問式和否定式有兩種。He used to live in the countryside, but now he lives in the city.他過去住在鄉(xiāng)下,現(xiàn)在住在城里。There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down.街道拐角處過去有座樓房,現(xiàn)在拆了。I usednt (didnt use) to smoke.我過去不抽煙。Used you (Did you use) t
26、o go to school on foot?你過去常步行去學校嗎?百搭的百搭的 niceNice 就是個“百搭” ,在各種場合、各種情景下表達“好”的意思。你能用多少詞代替 nice 呢?一起來個brainstorm 看看 nice 到底有哪些意思吧!Nice=good, pleasant, attractive, enjoyable 形容某個東西、某個氣味、某個經(jīng)歷時,nice 最言簡意賅表達開心、享受。Did you have a nice stay in London? 你在倫敦過的開心嗎?(Nice=lovely, pleasant, charming, sweet, adorabl
27、e)再來發(fā)個好人卡, “You are a nice guy but”=你真人真好,只不過姑娘口中的 nice,也就是說你可愛、招人喜歡、有魅力、嘴巴甜、招人憐,這么好的你姑娘為什么要打發(fā)走呢!You are a nice guy but I prefer man with abs. =你是個好人,但是我喜歡有腹肌的男人。Nice=something you wantNice 也能表達意愿,你知道嗎?Itd be nice if I could enjoy a spacious room with no distraction from roommates. =如果我能有一間大房間沒有室友騷擾
28、就好了。戴氏教育 精品堂學校高三英語春季經(jīng)典教材英語教研組Knowledge is power.戴氏教育集團6 考點二考點二 情態(tài)動詞表推測情態(tài)動詞表推測表示推測的情態(tài)動詞有表示“一定” 的 must ,表示“理應”的 should, ought to 和表示“可能”的 can,could,may, might 。1 must 表示較有把握的推測,常用于肯定句。具體有三種用法:(1) 對將來情況的推測,用“must 表示動作的動詞” 。You must walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone你一定會在山里一連走好幾
29、英里而遇不到一個人。(2) 對現(xiàn)在或一般的情況的推測,用 “must be” , “must be -ing” 或 “must表示狀態(tài)的動詞” 。You must be hungry after a long walk你走了那么長的路,一定餓了吧。Now they must be looking for you他們現(xiàn)在一定正在找你。He must know the answer to this question他一定知道這個問題的答案。(3)對已發(fā)生事情的推測 ,用“ must have 過去分詞” 。They must have earned a lot of money他們一定掙了很多錢。
30、They must have gone out again他們準是又出去了。2 should,ought to 表示推測時,意為 “想必會,理應 ” 。There should (ought to) be some reason for his absence他缺席想必是有某種原因的。Its seven oclock Jack should (ought to)be here at any moment現(xiàn)在七點鐘了,杰克理應隨時到達。3 在肯定句中,表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)戆盐詹淮蟮耐茰y用“may ( might )十動詞原形” ,might 比 may的可能性更??;表示對過去把握不大的推測用“may
31、 (might ) have 過去分詞” 。The notice might come tomorrow通知明天可能會來 。He may be busy these days這些天他可能很忙。You might have heard of that man你也許聽說過那個人。They may have settled the problem他們可能已經(jīng)解決了這個問題 。4 在疑問句中,對現(xiàn)在表示推測用“can (could) 動詞原形” ,對過去表示推測則用“can(could)have 過去分詞” ;在否定句中,對現(xiàn)在表示推測用“cant 動詞原形” ,對過去表示推測則用“cant(coul
32、dnt)have 過去分詞” 。What can it be if it is not a knife?如果那不是一把刀子,又會是什么呢?Could they have put up the notice?他們可能把那張通知貼出去了嗎?It cant be the headmaster He has gone to America這不可能是校長,他去美國了。They cant have finished the work so soon他們不可能這么快就完成了工作。注意:can ( could ) 和 may ( might ) 都可用于否定句,但前者意為“不可能” ,語氣較強;后者意為“可能
33、不,或許不” ,語氣較弱。如:They cant be having a meeting now他們現(xiàn)在不可能在開會。He may not know the scientist。他也許不認識那位科學家。戴氏教育 精品堂學校高三英語春季經(jīng)典教材英語教研組Knowledge is power.戴氏教育集團7 考點三考點三 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+完成體完成體/ 進行體進行體1.“情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+have done”的用法的用法(1)must have done 對過去某事的十分肯定猜測He isnt here. He must have missed the train.他還未到,一定是沒趕上火車。(
34、2)may/might have done 對過去某事的可能性猜測You may (might) have read about it.你可能在報上已經(jīng)讀到這件事了。(3)cant/couldnt have done 對過去某事的否定猜測He cant have written this letter 這封信不可能是他寫的(4)should/ought to have done 過去應該做而未做I should have finished the work earlier.我應當早一點完成這項工作的。(5)shouldnt/oughtnt to have done過去不應該做而實際上做了The
35、re was a lot of fun at yesterdays party.You ought to have come, but why didnt you?昨天的聚會非常有意思。你本應該來,為何不來呢?(6)neednt have done 本沒有必要做的事實際卻做了He neednt have worried about it.他本不必為此事?lián)?。?)can/could have done本來能夠做的(有能力做)事實際卻未做到You could have been more careful.你本來可以更細心的。2.情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+be doing情態(tài)動詞后跟進行式,表示“想必正在
36、” , “可能正在” , “應當正在”等意。Its twelve oclock. They must be having lunch.現(xiàn)在是十二點。他們一定正在吃飯。They may be discussing this problem.他們可能正在論討這個問題。He cant be telling the truth.他說的不可能是真話。She shouldnt be working like that. Shes still so weak.她不應當那樣干,她身體仍那么虛。 考點四考點四 幾個情態(tài)動詞的特殊用法易錯點幾個情態(tài)動詞的特殊用法易錯點1. 情態(tài)動詞的誤用情態(tài)動詞的誤用(2008遼
37、寧,22) Peterbe really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general.A. shallB. shouldC. canD. must2. 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+ have done 結構的誤用結構的誤用(2008江西,26)What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, hebetter.A. need have doneB. must have doneC. can have doneD. might have done3. 條件句中虛擬語氣的誤用條
38、件句中虛擬語氣的誤用fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A. Would you beB. Should you beC. Could you beD. May you be4. 虛擬語氣中省略的易錯點虛擬語氣中省略的易錯點Dont you think it necessary that heto Miami but to New York?I agree, but the problem ishe has refused to.A. will not be sent; thatB
39、. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; whatD. should not send; what戴氏教育 精品堂學校高三英語春季經(jīng)典教材英語教研組Knowledge is power.戴氏教育集團8考點五考點五 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣1.虛擬條件句虛擬條件句2. 虛擬條件句的省略虛擬條件句的省略虛擬條件句中有 were, had, should 時, 可把 if 省略,而把were, had, should 放在主語前,用到裝結構, 這種結構主要用于書面語中. 如:Were it necessary, I might resign.Had you info
40、rmed me earlier, I would not have signed the contract.Should I have time, I would call on her.Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Summer Palace.3. 錯綜時間條件句錯綜時間條件句在這種條件句中,虛擬條件主句和從句的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致,因此,主句和從句的謂語動詞要根據(jù)各自所指的不同時間選擇適當?shù)膭釉~形式, 如:If I were you, I would not have missed th
41、e film last night. (現(xiàn)在-過去)If they had started in the early morning, they would arrive in half an hour.(過去-將來)If you had asked him when you saw him last time, you would know what to do now. (過去-現(xiàn)在)4. 含蓄條件句含蓄條件句有些句子中, 沒有任何表示虛擬語氣的詞,短語或從句,但仍要用虛擬語氣. 這時,要么是省略了表示虛擬語氣的部分, 要么隱含在上下文之中. 如:I would do anything f
42、or her (if I could).We would have made a lot of money (but we gave up halfway).Without electricity life would be quite different today. (If there were no electricity).5.用介詞代替條件狀語從句用介詞代替條件狀語從句, 常見的介詞有常見的介詞有 with , without, but for 如:What would you do with a million dollars (if you had a million dolla
43、rs?)We would not have finished the word on time without your help (=if you had not helped us)But for the rain, (if it had not been for the rain,) we would have finished the work條件從句主句例句與 現(xiàn) 在事實相反動詞的過去式(be 的過去式用 were)would/should/could/might+動詞原形I dont have a cellphone.If I had one, it would be conven
44、ient for me to getin touch with others.與 過 去事實相反had+ 動詞過去分詞would/should/could/might+ have 動詞過去分詞If you had come earlier, you would have methim.與 將 來事實相反動詞過去式或 should+動詞原形或 were to+動詞原形should/would/could/might+動詞原形If it were to rain tomorrow, we would not go out.戴氏教育 精品堂學校高三英語春季經(jīng)典教材英語教研組Knowledge is
45、power.戴氏教育集團96.名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣問題中,在下列情況下,采用(should)do 結構的虛擬語氣:(1)在常用來表示命令、建議、要求、愿望等的詞后賓語從句中用虛擬語氣,形式為: (should)+動詞原形。常這樣用的動詞有:advise 勸告,demand 要求,desire 渴望,command 命令,insist 堅持,prefer 寧愿,urge 主張,order 命令,recommend 推薦,request 要求,require 要求,suggest 建議。I suggested that we should go there on
46、foot.注意suggest, insist 等動詞不表示建議、 要求等解釋時, 其賓語從句中的謂語動詞不需要用虛擬語氣形式。當 suggest 表示暗示,表明時,不用虛擬語氣,用陳述語氣.如:The smile on her face suggested that she was satisfied with our work.Are you suggesting that I am not suited for the job?你是在暗示說我不適合那份工作嗎?當 insist 表示堅持認為之意時, 不用虛擬語氣,用陳述語氣. 如:The man insisted that he had n
47、ever stolen the money.(2) 在常用來表示命令、 建議、 要求、 愿望等的詞引導的同位語從句中, 用虛擬語氣。 常見的詞有: advice,idea, order, plan, demand, proposal, suggestion, request 等名詞之后的表語從句和同位語從句中.如:My suggestion is that we should hold a meeting this evening(3)wish 后賓語從句的虛擬語氣,表示沒有把握或不太可能實現(xiàn)的愿望表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬:wish+主語+動詞一般過去式或 were表示對過去情況的虛擬:wish+
48、主語+had+過去分詞表示對將來情況的虛擬:wish+主語+would/could/might +動詞原形,后的從句不能用 should.I wish she were here.I wish you would go with us tomorrowI wish she had taken my advice(4)在“ It is ordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/important/natural/a pity +that 從句”等后的主語從句中,從句中的謂語動詞部分也要用(should)do 形式的虛擬語氣結構。此時,it 作形式主語,t
49、hat 從句為真正的主語。另外,當 suggest“表明,暗示”和 insist“堅持說”后接從句時,從句不用(should)do 結構,而要用陳述語氣。It is desired that we should get everything ready tonight.(5) as if /as though 后有時用虛擬語氣1) 從句所設想的時間與主句動作同時發(fā)生,從句動詞用過去時(be 用 were)It looks as if she were sick.He looks as though he knew the girl.2) 從句所設想的時間動作于主句謂語發(fā)生,從句動詞用 had+
50、過去分詞. 如:I feel as if we had known each other for years.He talks about pyramids as though he had seen them himself.7. would rather, had better 后的句子的虛擬語氣后的句子的虛擬語氣1) 接動詞原形, 指現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼臅r間, 表示主語的主觀愿望和選擇I would rather do it today.You had better not go dancing tonight.2) 接不定式的完成式, 表示過去的某種不恰當?shù)倪x擇. 如:I would rath
51、er not have told her the news. She is such a gossip3) 接從句, 用一般過去時, 表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿?用過去完成時,表示過去的愿望.如:戴氏教育 精品堂學校高三英語春季經(jīng)典教材英語教研組Knowledge is power.戴氏教育集團10I would rather you paid the money yourself.I would rather she had not done that.8. it is (high) time that .句型中句型中, 從句的謂語動詞用過去式,或 should +動詞原形, 其中 should
52、不能省掉.如:It is time that you went to school.It is time that we should start out.9. 在含有在含有 if it were not for 或或 if it had not been for 條件句的虛擬語氣中條件句的虛擬語氣中. 如:If it were not for the rain, the crops would die.If it had not been for your help, we could not have finished the work ahead of time.10. 用于用于 if
53、only 引導的感嘆句中引導的感嘆句中If only I were a flying bird!If only I had seen the film! “辨辨”地開花地開花1. can 和和 be able to1)情態(tài)動詞 can 只有兩種時態(tài)形式,現(xiàn)在式 can 和過去式 could,而 be able to 有多種時態(tài)形式。Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5.瑪麗會彈鋼琴。她五歲起就會彈了。2)用在過去時中,could 經(jīng)常表示能夠做某事,事實上不一定去做,而 waswere abl
54、e to 則表示“過去做成了某事”。在否定句中兩者可通用。He could swim across the English Channel. But he didnt feel like it that day.他能游過英吉利海峽,但那天他不想游。Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain.昨天我在下大雨前趕到了家里。2. must 和和 have tomust 表示主觀意志,而 have to 表示由于客觀因素不得不做某事。must 表示“必須,應該”之意,語氣比 should, ought to 強。其否定形式 mustnt
55、 表示“不準,不應該,禁止”等意。在回答帶有 must 的問句時,否定回答常用 neednt 或 dont have to,表示“不必”,而不用 mustnt。表示有把握的推測,意為“一定,準是,想必”,只用于肯定句中。must 表示的是說話人的主觀看法,而 have to 則往往強調(diào)客觀需要。 must 只有一種形式, 而 have to 則涉及人稱、 時態(tài)等方面的變化形式。 兩者的否定意義不同, mustnt 表示“禁止,不許”,dont have to 表示“不必”。must 沒有過去式,除在間接引語中可用于表示過去時間,在直接引語中表示過去時間應該用 had to 代替。I told
56、her that she must give up smoking.我叫她必須戒煙。We had to get everything ready that night.我們那晚得把一切準備就緒。3. would 和和 used to1)used to 表示過去與現(xiàn)在或過去某時與后來的情況有不同,而 would 只表過去的情況。People used to think that the earth was flat.過去人們認為地球是平的。(現(xiàn)在人們不這么認為。)She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the coun
57、try.在鄉(xiāng)下時,她總是在早晨去散會兒步。(可能現(xiàn)在仍有散步的習慣。)2)used to 可表示過去的習慣動作和經(jīng)常的情況,而 would 只表示過去的習慣動作。He used to would smoke while writing.過去他寫東西時常抽煙。She used to be fat.她過去很胖。戴氏教育 精品堂學校高三英語春季經(jīng)典教材英語教研組Knowledge is power.戴氏教育集團114. shall, should, must, can 的比較的比較shall 用于第二、三人稱多表示“允諾;命令;警告;威脅”等含義,should 多表示“應該”,must 多表示“必須
58、”,情態(tài)動詞 can 除了表示能力,意為“能夠”時還可以表示“(有時)可能”的含義,這是 can 的一個很重要的用法。can 可以表示能力,表示客觀的可能性,表示請示和允許,表示驚異、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度,主要用于肯定句、否定句和疑問句中。用于肯定句表推測時,指理論上的可能性,并不涉及是否真的發(fā)生。5.情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+have done情態(tài)動詞+have done 結構是英語中的??紵狳c,現(xiàn)將相關內(nèi)容歸納如下:(1)could have done 結構有兩種用法:表示“過去本來能夠或有可能做某事,但實際上卻并沒有做” ,該種用法用在肯定句中;表示對過去可能發(fā)生的事情進行推測,意為“ (過去)可
59、能” ,其否定形式 couldnt have done 結構意為“ (過去)不可能” 。(2) should/ought to have done 結構表示 “本來應該做但實際上未做” 。 它們的否定形式 shouldnt/oughtnot to have done 結構表示“本不應該做某事,但實際上卻做了” 。(3)neednt have done 結構表示“本來沒有必要去做某事,但實際上卻做了” 。另外,考生還要掌握 didnt need to do sth.結構的用法,它表示“ (過去)沒有必要去做某事(實際上也未去做) ” 。(4)must have done 結構用于對過去情況的肯定
60、推測,表示“ (過去)一定/準是做了某事” 。(5) may/might have done 結構中, 當表示對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情進行推測時, 意為 “ (過去) 或許已經(jīng)” ,這二者可以通用,只是用 may 時的語氣強一些。它們的否定結構 may/might not have done意為“ (過去)或許還沒有” 。另外,還要了解 might have done 結構還可以表示虛擬,意為“ (過去)本來可能做某事,但實際上卻沒有做” 。題型題型多多 看點看點 常規(guī)題型訓練常規(guī)題型訓練Level 11 Jennywith him at that time, for I was having dinne
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