高中英語-限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句有四大區(qū)別及練習(xí)-華師大版(共12頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句有四大區(qū)別，一、在句中作用不同限制性定語從句對被修飾的先行詞有限定制約作用，使該詞的含義更具體，更明確。限制性定語從句不能被省略，否則句意就不完整。非限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不十分密切，只是對其作一些附加說明，不起限定制約作用。如果將非限制性定語從句省去，主句的意義仍然完整。二、外在表現(xiàn)形式不同限制性定語從句因與先行詞關(guān)系密切，所以不可以用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開；而非限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不十分密切，所以可用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開。例1. This is the place where he used to live.例 2. Mr. Z

2、hang，who came to see me yesterday，is an old friend of mine.在例 1中，定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切，為限制性定語從句，不可用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開。在例2中，定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不密切，為非限制性定語從句，可用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開。三、先行詞內(nèi)容有所不同大多數(shù)限制性和非限制性定語從句的先行詞往往為某一個(gè)詞或短語，而特殊情況下非限制性定語從句的先行詞也可為整個(gè)主句，此時(shí)非限制性定語從句常由 which 引導(dǎo)。例：1. A middle-aged woman killed her husband，which frightened me very m

3、uch.由語境可知，令“我”恐懼的內(nèi)容應(yīng)為“中年女子殺害了自己的丈夫”這整個(gè)一件事，因此先行詞為整個(gè)主句，此時(shí)應(yīng)由 which 引導(dǎo)定語從句。例：2. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages， which surprises all the people present.由語境可知，令所有在場的人感到驚訝的內(nèi)容是“一個(gè)五歲男孩會(huì)講兩門外語”這整個(gè)一件事，因此先行詞為整個(gè)主句，此時(shí)應(yīng)由 which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。四、關(guān)系詞的使用情況有所不同（一） that 不可用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句所有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞均可引導(dǎo)限制性定語

4、從句，大多數(shù)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，但 that 不可。例如：他沒通過這次考試，令我很失望。誤：He didn't pass the exam，that disappointed me.正：He didn't pass the exam，which disappointed me.值得注意的是，不少同學(xué)誤認(rèn)為只有 which 才能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是不正確的。使用非限制性定語從句時(shí)，如果先行詞指人，則用 who ， whom或 whose 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；先行詞指物可用 which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；先行詞表時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)且在從句中作時(shí)間狀語

5、或地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)，可用 when，where 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。例1. We'll graduate in July，when we will be free.例2. Last Sunday they reached Nanjing，where a conference was to be held.（二）關(guān)系代詞替代情況不同關(guān)系代詞 whom 在限制性定語從句中作賓語時(shí)可用 who 代替 whom ，但 whom 在非限制性定語從句中作賓語時(shí)不可用 who 來代替。例: 1. This is the girl whom I met in the street.先行詞 the girl

6、 在限制性定語從句中作賓語，可用 who 代替 whom .例: 2. A young man had a new girl friend，whom he wanted to impress.先行詞 a new girl friend 在非限制性定語從句中作賓語，不可用 who 代替 whom .在限制性定語從句中，先行詞指人時(shí)可用 that 代替 who/ whom ，但在非限制性定語從句中先行詞指人時(shí)，不可用 that 代替 who/whom .例：她有一個(gè)姐姐，她是教師。誤： She has a sister，that is a teacher.正：She has a sister，wh

7、o is teacher.（三）關(guān)系代詞省略情況不同關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省去，非限制性定語從句的所有關(guān)系詞均不可省。例 1. This is the book（which/that）he lost yesterday.先行詞 the book 在限制性定語從句中作賓語，關(guān)系代詞 which 或 that 可以省略。例 2. The book， which he lost yesterday， has been found.先行詞 the book 在非限制性定語從句中作賓語，關(guān)系代詞 which 不可省。(四）as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)的用法 as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句通常用于the s

8、ame as, such as結(jié)構(gòu)中。e.g. I want the same shirt as my friends. Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我們車間使用的這種機(jī)器是中國制造的。 as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用來修飾整個(gè)句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。e.g. As I expecte

9、d, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 3）as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)與which的區(qū)別 當(dāng)主句和從句語義一致時(shí)，用as；反之，用which來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected.He made a long speech, which was unexpected. 當(dāng)非限制定語從句為否定時(shí)，常用which引導(dǎo)。e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesnt like at a

10、ll.2. 定語從句有時(shí)不直接緊靠先行詞，中間由一個(gè)定語、狀語或謂語隔開。這種定語從句叫做分隔性定語從句e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand.4. 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞有時(shí)可以用“介詞 + which”來代替。e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the Peoples Republic of China was founded.5. 當(dāng)定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞是帶介詞或副詞的固定短語動(dòng)詞時(shí)，短語動(dòng)詞的各個(gè)固定部分不要拆開。e.g. The s

11、ick man whom she is looking after is her father.6. 介詞在關(guān)系代詞前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介詞在句尾，關(guān)系代詞可以省略。定語從句練習(xí)、一、把下列每對句子合并成含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句：1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.4. The students

12、will not pass the exam. They dont study hard.5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.9. The boy is my brother. He was here a

13、minute ago.10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.11. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop.12. Thats the child. We were looking at his drawing just now.13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.14. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework havent been handed in.15. Is th

14、at the woman? Her daughter is in my class.16. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees.17. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.19. In the evening they arrived at a hill

15、. At the foot of the hill there was a temple. 20. She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table.二、根據(jù)句子意思，用介詞關(guān)系代詞whom或which 完成下列句子.1. The person _ _ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.2. The pencil _ _ he was writing broke.3. Wu Dong, _ _ I went to the concert,

16、enjoyed it very much.4. The two things _ _ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.5. Her bag, _ _ she put all her books, has not been found.6. The stories about the Long March, _ _ this is one example, are well written.三、選擇填空：1. The man _ visited our school yesterday is

17、 from London.A. who B. which C. whom D. when2. The woman _ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.A. whose B. who C. whom D. which3. Because of my poor memory, all _ you told me has been forgotten.A. that B. which C. what D. as4. Do you remember those days _ we spent along the seashore very hap

18、pily?A. when B. where C. which D. who5. Tom t took away the camera because it was just the same camera _ he lost last week. A. which B. that C. whom D. as6. Those _ want to go please sign their names here.A. whom B. which C. who D. when7. Where is the man _ I met this morning?A. when B. where C. whi

19、ch D. who8. Who is the woman _ is sweeping the floor over there?A. who B. / C. that D. when9. The man _ you talked just now is a worker.A. who B. whom C. to whom D. to who10. The man _ you are going to make friends is my fathers neighbour.A. with whom B. when C. to whom D. which11. The doctor _ is l

20、eaving for Africa next month.A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talkingC. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking12. The man _ around our school is from America.A. which you showed B. you showed him C. you showed D. where you showed13. He talked about a hero _ no one had

21、 ever heard.A. of whom B. from whom C. about that D. who14. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions _ were asked in French. A. where B. who C. in which D. which15. Have you read the book _ I lent to you?A. that B. whom C. when D. whose16. Finally, the thief handed over everything _

22、he had stolen to the police.A. that B. which C. whatever D. all17. The foreign guests, _ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.A. most of them B. most of that C. most of whom D. most of those18. This is the very letter _came last night.A. who B. which C. that D. as19. I know

23、 only a little about this matter; you may ask _ knows better than I.A. whoever B. whomever C. anyone D. the one20. This is the school _ we visited three days ago.A. where B. / C. when D. what21. This is the factory _ we worked a year ago.A. where B. that C. which D. on which22. Nearby were two canoe

24、s _ they had come to the island.A. which B. in which C. that D. /23. Jack is pleased with _ you have given him and all _ you have told him. A. that, what B. what, that C. which, what D. that, which24. Do you work near the building _ colour is yellow?A. that B. which C. its D. whose25. In the dark st

25、reet, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A. whom B. who C. to whom D. form whom26. Is this school _ we visited three years ago?A. the one B. which C. that D. where27. Is this the school _ we visited three years ago?A. the one B. where C. in which D. /28, How many students are ther

26、e in your class _ homes are in the country?A. whose B. who C. whom D. which29. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise.A. it B. which C. that D. he 30. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage _ already seven other people.A. when there were B. which there were

27、C. that there were D. where there were31. I live in the house _ windows face south. A. which B. whose C. where D. that32. - What game is popular with them? - The _ most is tennis.A. game they like it B. game they like C. best game they like D. best game they like it33. They stayed with me three week

28、s, _ they drank all the wine I had.A. which B. which time C. during which D. during which time34. The room _ Mr White lives is not very large. A. that B. which C. where D. when35. Dont forget the day _ you were received into the Youth League.A. when B. that C. at which D. where36. Ive finished writi

29、ng the novel, _ is to be published next month.A. that B. what C. which D. when37. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, _ was unexpected.A. which B. as C. that D. it38. _ is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn.A. What B. As C. That D. Which39. The old man had three

30、sons, all of _ died during World War .A. whose B. that C. whom D. who40. I have bought two pens, _ write well.A. none of which B. neither of which C. both of which D. all of which 41. Do you know the reason _ she has changed her mind?A. why B. which C. for that D. of which42. He failed in the exam,

31、_ proves that he wasnt working hard enough.A. which B. what C. it D. that43. During the week _ he tried to collect materials for his article.A. following B. followed C. to follow D. that followed44. _ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.A. It B. Which C. As D. That45. He studied hard and later be

32、came a well-known writer, _ his father expected.A. that was what B. what was that C. and which was D. which was what46. We should read such books _ will make us better and wiser.A. when B. as C. whose D. what47. You must show my wife the same respect _ you show me.A. when B. as C. whose D. what48. H

33、e is absent, _ is often the case.A. what B. which C. who D. as49. It is the first time _ I have come to your city.A. that B. which C. what D. when 50. Who _ has the same idea as it will do it in this way.A. who B. that C. whom D. which51. I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the country wit

34、h the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life.A. that, which B. when, which C. which, that D. when, who52. This is the only book _ I can find.A. that B. which C. it D. with which53. I dont like _ you speak to her.A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which54. That is one of t

35、hose books that _ worth reading.A. is B. are C. has D. have55. This is the only one of the students whose handwriting _ the best.A. is B. are C. has D. have定語從句參考答案一、1. The fan that you want is on the desk. 2. The man who brought our textbooks here yesterday is in next room. 3. The magazine which he has taken away is mine.4. The students who dont study hard will not pass the exam. 5. The wo